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  • Other Sources  (9)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (9)
  • 2000-2004  (9)
  • 1
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    Worldwide Observations of Remarkable Deep-Sea Squids (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 294 (5551). p. 2505.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Microbial Reefs in the Black Sea Fueled by Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 297 (5583). pp. 1013-1015.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-07
    Description: Massive microbial mats covering up to 4-meter-high carbonate buildups prosper at methane seeps in anoxic waters of the northwestern Black Sea shelf. Strong 13C depletions indicate an incorporation of methane carbon into carbonates, bulk biomass, and specific lipids. The mats mainly consist of densely aggregated archaea (phylogenetic ANME-1 cluster) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcusgroup). If incubated in vitro, these mats perform anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction. Obviously, anaerobic microbial consortia can generate both carbonate precipitation and substantial biomass accumulation, which has implications for our understanding of carbon cycling during earlier periods of Earth's history.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Origin and Migration of the Alpine Iceman (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 302 (5646). pp. 862-866.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The Alpine Iceman provides a unique window into the Neolithic-Copper Age of Europe. We compared the radiogenic (strontium and lead) and stable (oxygen and carbon) isotope composition of the Iceman's teeth and bones, as well as 40Ar/39Ar mica ages from his intestine, to local geology and hydrology, and we inferred his habitat and range from childhood to adult life. The Iceman's origin can be restricted to a few valleys within ∼60 kilometers south(east) of the discovery site. His migration during adulthood is indicated by contrasting isotopic compositions of enamel, bones, and intestinal content. This demonstrates that the Alpine valleys of central Europe were permanently inhabited during the terminal Neolithic.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Ventilation of the Glacial Deep Pacific Ocean (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 306 (5699). pp. 1169-1172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Measurements of the age difference between coexisting benthic and planktic foraminifera from western equatorial Pacific deep-sea cores suggest that during peak glacial time the radiocarbon age of water at 2-kilometers depth was no greater than that of today. These results make unlikely suggestions that a slowdown in deep-ocean ventilation was responsible for a sizable fraction of the increase of the ratio of carbon-14 (14C) to carbon in the atmosphere and surface ocean during glacial time. Comparison of 14C ages for coexisting wood and planktic foraminifera from the same site suggests that the atmosphere to surface ocean 14C to C ratio difference was not substantially different from today's.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    The North Atlantic Oscillation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 291 (5504). pp. 603-605.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) dictates climate variability from the eastern seaboard of the United States to Siberia and from the Arctic to the subtropical Atlantic, especially during winter. It strongly affects agricultural yields, water management, fish inventories, and terrestrial ecology. In their Perspective, Hurrell, Kushnir, and Visbeck report recent research into the NAO discussed at an American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference at the end of 2000. Much remains to be learned about the NAO, but it seems increasingly less likely that natural variability is the cause for the recent upward NAO trend.
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  • 6
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    Climate Swings Come into Focus (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 294 (5550). pp. 2308-2309.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: The last glacial period was far from quiet. During so-called Heinrich events, large armadas of icebergs were shed from the ice sheet that covered much of North America. The tracks of debris left by the melting icebergs can still be seen in sediment cores from the North Atlantic. In their Perspective, Broecker and Hemming report from a recent miniconference that attempted to chart the climatic impacts of these events.
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  • 7
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    Does the Trigger for Abrupt Climate Change Reside in the Ocean or in the Atmosphere? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 300 (5625). pp. 1519-1522.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-15
    Description: Two hypotheses have been put forward to explain the large and abrupt climate changes that punctuated glacial time. One attributes such changes to reorganizations of the ocean's thermohaline circulation and the other to changes in tropical atmosphere-ocean dynamics. In an attempt to distinguish between these hypotheses, two lines of evidence are examined. The first involves the timing of the freshwater injections to the northern Atlantic that have been suggested as triggers for the global impacts associated with the Younger Dryas and Heinrich events. The second has to do with evidence for precursory events associated with the Heinrich ice-rafted debris layers in the northern Atlantic and with the abrupt Dansgaard-Oeschger warmings recorded in the Santa Barbara Basin.
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  • 8
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    Glacial-to-Holocene Redistribution of Carbonate Ion in the Deep Sea (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 294 (5549). pp. 2152-2155.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: We have reconstructed the glacial-age distribution of carbonate ion concentration in the deep waters of the equatorial ocean on the basis of differences in weight between glacial and Holocene foraminifera shells picked from a series of cores spanning a range of water depth on the western Atlantic's Ceara Rise and the western Pacific's Ontong Java Plateau. The results suggest that unlike today's ocean, sizable vertical gradients in the carbonate ion concentration existed in the glacial-age deep ocean. In the equatorial Pacific, the concentration increased with depth, and in the Atlantic, it decreased with depth. In addition, the contrast between the carbonate ion concentration in deep waters produced in the northern Atlantic and deep water in the Pacific appears to have been larger than in today's ocean.
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  • 9
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    Tropical Origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 292 (5514). pp. 90-92.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-18
    Description: Evidence is presented that North Atlantic climate change since 1950 is linked to a progressive warming of tropical sea surface temperatures, especially over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The ocean changes alter the pattern and magnitude of tropical rainfall and atmospheric heating, the atmospheric response to which includes the spatial structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The slow, tropical ocean warming has thus forced a commensurate trend toward one extreme phase of the NAO during the past half-century.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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