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  • Computer Operations and Hardware  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (5)
  • 1
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    High End Computing Technologies for Earth Science Applications: Trends, Challenges, and Innovations (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Earth science applications of the future will stress the capabilities of even the highest performance supercomputers in the areas of raw compute power, mass storage management, and software environments. These NASA mission critical problems demand usable multi-petaflops and exabyte-scale systems to fully realize their science goals. With an exciting vision of the technologies needed, NASA has established a comprehensive program of advanced research in computer architecture, software tools, and device technology to ensure that, in partnership with US industry, it can meet these demanding requirements with reliable, cost effective, and usable ultra-scale systems. NASA will exploit, explore, and influence emerging high end computing architectures and technologies to accelerate the next generation of engineering, operations, and discovery processes for NASA Enterprises. This article captures this vision and describes the concepts, accomplishments, and the potential payoff of the key thrusts that will help meet the computational challenges in Earth science applications.
    Keywords: Computer Operations and Hardware
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Unstructured Adaptive Meshes: Bad for Your Memory? (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This viewgraph presentation explores the need for a NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) parallel benchmark for problems with irregular dynamical memory access. This benchmark is important and necessary because: 1) Problems with localized error source benefit from adaptive nonuniform meshes; 2) Certain machines perform poorly on such problems; 3) Parallel implementation may provide further performance improvement but is difficult. Some examples of problems which use irregular dynamical memory access include: 1) Heat transfer problem; 2) Heat source term; 3) Spectral element method; 4) Base functions; 5) Elemental discrete equations; 6) Global discrete equations. Nonconforming Mesh and Mortar Element Method are covered in greater detail in this presentation.
    Keywords: Computer Operations and Hardware
    Type: ADAPT03: Conference on Adaptive Methods for PDEs and Large-Scale Computation; Oct 11, 2003 - Oct 12, 2003; Troy, NY; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Memory-Intensive Benchmarks: IRAM vs. Cache-Based Machines (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The increasing gap between processor and memory performance has lead to new architectural models for memory-intensive applications. In this paper, we explore the performance of a set of memory-intensive benchmarks and use them to compare the performance of conventional cache-based microprocessors to a mixed logic and DRAM processor called VIRAM. The benchmarks are based on problem statements, rather than specific implementations, and in each case we explore the fundamental hardware requirements of the problem, as well as alternative algorithms and data structures that can help expose fine-grained parallelism or simplify memory access patterns. The benchmarks are characterized by their memory access patterns, their basic control structures, and the ratio of computation to memory operation.
    Keywords: Computer Operations and Hardware
    Type: IPDPS Conference; Apr 15, 2002 - Apr 19, 2002; Fort Lauderdale, FL; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Message Passing vs. Shared Address Space on a Cluster of SMPs (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The convergence of scalable computer architectures using clusters of PCs (or PC-SMPs) with commodity networking has become an attractive platform for high end scientific computing. Currently, message-passing and shared address space (SAS) are the two leading programming paradigms for these systems. Message-passing has been standardized with MPI, and is the most common and mature programming approach. However message-passing code development can be extremely difficult, especially for irregular structured computations. SAS offers substantial ease of programming, but may suffer from performance limitations due to poor spatial locality, and high protocol overhead. In this paper, we compare the performance of and programming effort, required for six applications under both programming models on a 32 CPU PC-SMP cluster. Our application suite consists of codes that typically do not exhibit high efficiency under shared memory programming. due to their high communication to computation ratios and complex communication patterns. Results indicate that SAS can achieve about half the parallel efficiency of MPI for most of our applications: however, on certain classes of problems SAS performance is competitive with MPI. We also present new algorithms for improving the PC cluster performance of MPI collective operations.
    Keywords: Computer Operations and Hardware
    Type: IPDPS Conference; Apr 23, 2001; San Francisco, CA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    A Performance Evaluation of the Cray X1 for Scientific Applications (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The last decade has witnessed a rapid proliferation of superscalar cache-based microprocessors to build high-end capability and cost effectiveness. However, the recent development of massively parallel vector systems is having a significant effect on the supercomputing landscape. In this paper, we compare the performance of the recently released Cray X1 vector system with that of the cacheless NEC SX-6 vector machine, and the superscalar cache-based IBM Power3 and Power4 architectures for scientific applications. Overall results demonstrate that the X1 is quite promising, but performance improvements are expected as the hardware, systems software, and numerical libraries mature. Code reengineering to effectively utilize the complex architecture may also lead to significant efficiency enhancements.
    Keywords: Computer Operations and Hardware
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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