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  • Springer  (106)
  • Wiley  (92)
  • 2000-2004  (198)
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  • 1
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2002-10-07
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 57 (2000), S. 1260-1271 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words. Crustacean; shrimp; innate immunity; antimicrobial peptides; structure; activity spectrum; blood cells; expression.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The production of antimicrobial peptides represents a first-line host defense mechanism of innate immunity that is widespread in nature. Only recently such effectors were isolated in crustacean species, whereas numerous antimicrobial peptides have been characterized from other arthropods, both insects and chelicerates. This review presents findings on a family of antimicrobial peptides, named penaeidins, isolated from the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Their structure and antimicrobial properties as well as their immune function will be discussed through analyses of penaeidin gene expression and peptide distribution upon microbial challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.05.Tp; 51.10.+y; 34.10.+x
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. It has been proved [1] that the use of a CO2-laser system operating in continuous wave mode (cw) can be efficiently used for the production of carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). In this article we first describe in detail the variable experimental conditions (different ambient gases, static gas pressure, and gas flow) for SWNT formation and summarize the results of the characterization studies of the synthesized materials. Second, we analyze the influence of the different experimental conditions on the SWNTs formation process. We show that the heat transport, kinetic, and diffusion processes allow us to explain seemingly different formation conditions in a qualitative and semi-quantitative agreement with the experimental results. The presented self-consistent scenario for nanotube formation in a gas phase allowed us to propose future experiments on testing the mechanism of nanotube formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: sol-gel zirconia ; electron irradiation ; irradiated alkoxide solution ; tetragonal zirconia stabilization ; gelling acceleration ; gelling without catalyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sol-gel zirconia precursor, zirconium n-butoxide in ter-butanol, was irradiated with 1.3 MeV electrons to a dose of 330 KGy. Gelling was instantaneously produced when an aqueous solution of sulfuric, hydrochloric or acetic acid was added to the irradiated solution; no hydrolysis catalyst was required. Samples were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. The electron irradiation accelerated hydrolysis and condensation, which avoided the stabilization of the tetragonal phase via carboxyls, and decreased the capability of sulfate ions to stabilize it. These results suggest that the stabilization of the tetragonal phase of sol-gel zirconia via carboxyl and sulfate ions depends on their diffusion in the sol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 89 (2000), S. 366-376 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words Cyclicity ; Tectonism ; Palaeogeography ; Iberian Chains ; Cambrian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The stratigraphy of carbonate/shale couplets, cycles and cycle-stacking patterns in a Cambrian shallow water platform (Iberian Chains, NE Spain) are related to sea-level changes driven by orbital forcing and by tectonic pulses. The interplay of both effects can be discriminated in the Iberian fault-controlled platform, in which the tectonic activity can be analysed by accurate and detailed biostratigraphic correlations based on trilobite zonation. The stratigraphic hierarchy of rhythmically interbedded limestones and shales, in two coeval but structurally separated geodynamic settings, yields cycle ratios of 1.44 :1. This ratio is supported by time thickness and spectral analysis, which is based on a graphic method of analysis: the Map of Grey Lines. The cycle ratio seems to be evidence for orbital forcing by obliquity and precession cycles predicted for early Paleozoic time. Carbonate/shale couplets, the smallest rhythmic units recognisable in the field, represent short-term, periodic fluctuations in supply of terrigenous sediments and carbonate productivity of uncertain origin, which could be associated with one of several harmonics of the former orbital cycles. The pulsating tectonic activity was approximated by using a quantitative analysis of tectonically induced subsidence (Shaw method). Recurrence frequencies of tectonic pulses were estimated and dated by biostratigraphy. As a result, tectonic disturbances in the Cambrian Iberian platform show an episodic periodicity comparable to that of orbital eccentricity cycles, which could mask their recognition.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Orobanche cernua Loefl., syn. O. cumana Wallr.) populations belonging to a new race F in Spain have overcome all known resistance genes Or 1 to Or 5 in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and are spreading rapidly. All hybrids currently grown in Spain are susceptible to race F, and sources of resistance genes for this race are needed to develop new resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate sunflower germplasm for resistance to race F (virulent population SE296). Using artificial inoculation with broomrape seed, 54 accessions of wild Helianthus spp. representing 27 perennial and four annual species and 55 cultivated accessions of sunflower were evaluated after incubation for ≈1 mo in a growth chamber. Helianthus seedlings were transplanted to the greenhouse for an additional ≈3 mo to evaluate the broomrape infection. Most perennial species of wild Helianthus were completely resistant to race F, but some accessions of the species H. divaricatus, H. maximiliani, and H. pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus showed different proportions of susceptible plants, with a disease incidence varying from 10 to 80%. The annual wild species, H. anomalus and H. agrestis, were fully resistant, while segregation was observed in H. debilis subsp. cucumerifolius and H. exilis. Only 7.2% of the accessions of cultivated sunflower tested were fully resistant, with 20% of them segregating for resistance. The high frequency of broomrape resistance to race F observed in the perennial wild species, as well as the resistance found in wild annual and cultivated germplasm, indicates that development of sunflower cultivars resistant to this new race of the parasite is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 44 (2000), S. 128-133 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Key words Aerobiology ; Wind influence ; Pollen ; Pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  The daily pollen concentration in the atmosphere of Badajoz (SW Spain) was analysed over a 6-year period (1993–1998) using a volumetric aerobiological trap. The results for the main pollination period are compared with the number of hours of wind each day in the four quadrants: 1 (NE), 2 (SE), 3 (SW) and 4 (NW). The pollen source distribution allowed 16 pollen types to be analysed as a function of their distribution in the four quadrants with respect to the location of the trap. Four of them correspond to species growing in an irrigated farmland environment (Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae, Plantago, Scirpus, and Typha), five to riparian and woodland species (Salix, Fraxinus, Alnus, Populus, and Eucalyptus), four to urban ornamentals (Ulmus, Arecaceae, Cupressaceae, and Casuarina), and three which include the most frequent pollen grains of widely distributed species (Poaceae, Quercus, and Olea). The results show that the distribution of the sources and the wind direction play a very major role in determining the pollen concentration in the atmosphere when these sources are located in certain quadrants, and that the widely distributed pollen sources show no relationship with wind direction. In some years the values of the correlations were not maintained, which leads one to presume that, in order to draw significant conclusions and establish clear patterns of the influence of wind direction, a continuous and more prolonged study will be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Bundle sheath cells ; C4 plants ; Glutamine synthetase isoforms ; Mesophyll cells ; Phosphinothricin ; Zea mays L. ; AbbreviationsBSC: Bundle sheath cells ; FPLC: Fast protein liquid chromatography ; GS1: Cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase ; GS2: Chloroplastic glutamine synthetase ; GSt: GS transferase activity ; GSs: GS semibiosynthetic activity ; MC: Mesophyll cells ; 2-ME: 2-Mercaptoethanol ; NADP-ME: NADP-malic enzyme (EC, 1.1.1.41) ; PEPCase: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC, 4.1.1.31) ; PPT: Phosphinothricin ; PVPP: Polyvinilpolypyrrolidone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Anion-exchange FPLC has been used to resolve the isoforms of glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) from Zea mays mesophyll (MC) and bundle sheath cells (BSC). Two different isoforms were detected in both types of photosynthetic cells. The predominantly active isoform was GS1 (61%) in MC and GS2 (67%) in BSC. The relative contribution of GS1 and GS2 to the overall GS activity in BSC in maize here reported resembles the proportion described for most C3 plants. Differences among these isoforms in terms of their susceptibility to phosphinothricin (PPT), an analogue of glutamate and known inhibitor of GS, were found. The GS1 isoenzyme from MC was the most sensitive form, being inhibited by 50% at approximately 2.0 μM DL-PPT, whereas the GS2 from BSC presented the highest tolerance to the inhibitor (I50=30 μM). The transferase-to-semibiosynthetic activity ratio for the MC isoforms, which was higher than the ratio for the BSC isoforms, and the differences shown by the isoforms in susceptibility to PPT predict important differences in the biochemical properties and regulation of GS isoenzymes. In this regard, the cytoplasmic isoenzymes, and especially the one in MC, due to its relatively high contribution to mesophyll cell GS activity, could play a vital role in nitrogen metabolism in maize.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 64 (2000), S. 184-190 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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