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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of consumer studies 28 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1470-6431
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 38 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This study investigated the unsaturated zone properties that affect ground water reaeration (i.e., the diffusive flux of oxygen through the unsaturated zone and into an aquifer system). Laboratory column experiments were undertaken to quantify oxygen flux into anaerobic ground water as a function of soil type, soil water content, soil oxygen demand, and unsaturated zone thickness. Soils used in these studies included coarse sand, sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, silt, silty clay loam, bentonite, kaolin, and peat. The results showed that reaeration flux rates ranging from 11,000 to 12,000 mg/m2-day were possible under conditions typical of the natural environment. Soil water content provided the greatest resistance to oxygen transport in the unsaturated zone while the remaining factors of soil type, soil oxygen demand, and unsaturated zone thickness did not significantly inhibit reaeration flux into ground water. An unsaturated zone transport model based on Fick's second law and gas-liquid interfacial mass transport was developed and showed good agreement with the experimental results derived from the column studies. The results of this study suggest that unsaturated zone reaeration of anaerobic ground water may be a contributing factor in controlling the steady–state size and shape of hydrocarbon plumes and incorporating reaeration into ground water models—based on unsaturated zone properties—may allow for a more accurate representation of bioattenuation reactions taking place in subsurface environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : There are increasing concerns in the forestry community about global climate change and variability associated with elevated atmospheric CO2. Changes in precipitation and increases in air temperature could impose additional stress on forests during the next century. For a study site in Carteret County, North Carolina, the General Circulation Model, HADCM2, predicts that by the year 2099, maximum air temperature will increase 1.6 to 1.9°C, minimum temperature will increase 2.5 to 2.8°C, and precipitation will increase 0 to 10 percent compared to the mid-1990s. These changes vary from season to season. We utilized a forest ecosystem process model, PnET-II, for studying the potential effects of climate change on drainage outflow, evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI) and forest Net Primary Productivity (NPP). This model was first validated with long term drainage and LAI data collected at a 25-ha mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) experimental watershed located in the North Carolina lower coastal plain. The site is flat with poorly drained soils and high groundwater table. Therefore, a high field capacity of 20 cm was used in the simulation to account for the topographic effects. This modeling study suggested that future climate change would cause a significant increase of drainage (6 percent) and forest productivity (2.5 percent). Future studies should consider the biological feedback (i.e., stomata conductance and water use efficiency) to air temperature change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Nutrient data from all available sources for the lower Mississippi River were examined for potential differences among sampling agencies and geographic locations for the period between 1960 and 1998. Monthly means grouped by parameter, sampling location and agency, were calculated and compared as paired sets, excluding those months where data were not available for both sets. Some significant differences were found between various agencies collecting nutrient data on the river, as well as between various stretches of river, especially in the case of phosphorus nutrient data. Results were used to synthesize data sets from which a history of nutrient loading in the Mississippi River was determined. General trends in nitrate+nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus and silica loads, as well as changes in nutrient proportions and the specific limiting nutrient (by month) are reported. This study provides a useful summary of contemporary and historical nutrient data that may assist in the evaluation of Mississippi River water quality and its potential effect on the Gulf of Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 219 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Assembly of each Salmonella typhimurium flagellum filament requires export and polymerisation of ca. 30 000 flagellin (FliC) subunits. This is facilitated by the cytosolic chaperone FliS, which binds to the 494 residue FliC and inhibits its polymerisation. Yeast two-hybrid assays, co-purification and affinity blotting showed that FliS binds specifically to the C-terminal 40 amino acid component of the disordered D0 domain central to polymerisation. Without FliS binding, the C-terminus is degraded. Our data provide further support for the view that FliS is a domain-specific bodyguard preventing premature monomer interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 232 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Biofilms present complex assemblies of micro-organisms attached to surfaces. They are dynamic structures in which various metabolic activities and interactions between the component cells occur. When phage come in contact with biofilms, further interactions occur dependent on the susceptibility of the biofilm bacteria to phage and to the availability of receptor sites. If the phage also possess polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, or if considerable cell lysis is effected by the phage, the integrity of the biofilm may rapidly be destroyed. Alternatively, coexistence between phage and host bacteria within the biofilm may develop. Although phage have been proposed as a means of destroying or controlling biofilms, the technology for this has not yet been successfully developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using an alkaline phosphatase-based genetic screening method, we identified a number of proteins that are potentially located on the outer surface of Group B streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae). In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antisera raised against two of the proteins, the streptococcal yutD homologue and a subunit of an ABC transporter, recognised clinically important serotypes of Group B streptococcus. In a neonatal rat model, purified IgG from the sera conferred significant levels of protection against a lethal challenge infection. The proteins identified show potential as protein subunit candidates for vaccines against Group B streptococcal disease in neonates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Paracoccus pantotrophus grown anaerobically under denitrifying conditions expressed similar levels of the periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP) when cultured in molybdate- or tungstate-containing media. A native PAGE gel stained for nitrate reductase activity revealed that only NapA from molybdate-grown cells displayed readily detectable nitrate reductase activity. Further kinetic analysis showed that the periplasmic fraction from cells grown on molybdate (3 μM) reduced nitrate at a rate of Vmax=3.41±0.16 μmol [NO3−] min−1 mg−1 with an affinity for nitrate of Km=0.24±0.05 mM and was heat-stable up to 50°C. In contrast, the periplasmic fraction obtained from cells cultured in media supplemented with tungstate (100 μM) reduced nitrate at a much slower rate, with much lower affinity (Vmax=0.05±0.002 μmol [NO3−] min−1 mg−1 and Km=3.91±0.45 mM) and was labile during prolonged incubation at 〉20°C. Nitrate-dependent growth of Escherichia coli strains expressing only nitrate reductase A was inhibited by sub-mM concentrations of tungstate in the medium. In contrast, a strain expressing only NAP was only partially inhibited by 10 mM tungstate. However, none of the above experimental approaches revealed evidence that tungsten could replace molybdenum at the active site of E. coli NapA. The combined data show that tungsten can function at the active site of some, but not all, molybdoenzymes from mesophilic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 190 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The chemical constituents of sheep dip in the UK are currently changing from organophosphate-based to synthetic pyrethroid-based insecticides. As a result, changes are also being made to the methods of disposal of these chemicals in the environment, such that pyrethroid sheep dips must now be diluted in animal slurry or water. To date, there is a lack of quantitative information on the impact of the insecticide on the indigenous microflora of animal slurries. This paper investigated the impact of Bayticol (synthetic pyrethroid sheep dip) over a range of concentrations on selected populations of bacteria within animal slurry. It was found that, with increasing pesticide concentration, there was up to a four orders of magnitude increase in the numbers of faecal coliforms and pathogens, such as putative Salmonella spp. These findings have implications for the disposal of sheep dip-amended animal slurries to land from several aspects: (i) the longevity of putative pathogens in the field may require re-evaluation of the time required before the return of grazing livestock to a slurry-amended field; (ii) the potential for the transfer of pathogenic bacteria and faecal coliforms into human and animal foodchains, and (iii) the increased potential for faecal coliforms being washed into streams, rivers and coastal bathing waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 213 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nitric oxide (NO) has a broad spectrum of signalling and regulatory functions and multiple molecular targets. Recently, the intrabacterial toxicity of NO and mechanisms for NO resistance have been intensively investigated. Here we report for the first time that NO elicits release of zinc from a bacterial protein. Using the zinc-responsive expression of zntA (encoding a Zn-exporting P-type ATPase) fused to lacZ, i.e. Φ(zntA-lacZ), to monitor intracellular zinc, and SmtA (the Synechococcus metallothionein) as zinc store, we have shown that the NO donors NOC-5 and NOC-7 elicit zinc ejection. No increase in Φ(zntA-lacZ) activity was observed in a zntR mutant, indicating the specificity of the zntA promoter response to zinc ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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