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  • 1
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    Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 409 (6821). pp. 698-701.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Tropical South America is one of the three main centres of the global, zonal overturning circulation of the equatorial atmosphere (generally termed the 'Walker' circulation1). Although this area plays a key role in global climate cycles, little is known about South American climate history. Here we describe sediment cores and down-hole logging results of deep drilling in the Salar de Uyuni, on the Bolivian Altiplano, located in the tropical Andes. We demonstrate that during the past 50,000 years the Altiplano underwent important changes in effective moisture at both orbital (20,000-year) and millennial timescales. Long-duration wet periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum—marked in the drill core by continuous deposition of lacustrine sediments—appear to have occurred in phase with summer insolation maxima produced by the Earth's precessional cycle. Short-duration, millennial events correlate well with North Atlantic cold events, including Heinrich events 1 and 2, as well as the Younger Dryas episode. At both millennial and orbital timescales, cold sea surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic were coeval with wet conditions in tropical South America, suggesting a common forcing.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of small-angle scattering data of charged particles using the generalized indirect Fourier transformation technique (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 9733-9740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering are widely used techniques to study the structure of colloidal particles in the size range up to 100 nm. The indirect Fourier transformation technique is well established to obtain model free real space information, but the interpretation of the results is limited to cases where particle interaction can be neglected. The extended generalized indirect Fourier transform (GIFT) allows one to separate inter- and intraparticle effects, but needs models for the particle interaction. We present the application of three different models for the calculation of interaction effects of charged particles, represented by the structure factor. With this extension, useful real space information can be obtained by the GIFT method for solutions with volume fractions up to about 0.3 without any assumption for the shape of the particles. Only the interaction effects need a model assumption, and the parameters determined from this model can give some additional information. Simulations show that it is impossible to determine charge and ionic strength simultaneously. There exists another ambiguity between the parameter sets for charge, radius, and volume fraction, but we show how this problem can be overcome in most cases. The practical applicability of the method is demonstrated by means of the micellar system CTAB in different concentrations from 1% up to 20% and with varying amounts of added salt to screen the charges and change the particle shape. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321770
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics Influence of TOR kinase on lifespan in C. elegans (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 426 (2003), S. 620-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The group of enzymes known as TOR (for 'target of rapamycin') kinases regulates cell growth and proliferation in response to nutrients and hormone-dependent mitogenic signals. Here we show that TOR deficiency in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans more than doubles its natural lifespan. This ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/426620a
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Materials Surprising strength of silkworm silk (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 741-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Commercial silkworm silk is presumed to be much weaker and less extensible than spider dragline silk, which has been hailed as a 'super-fibre'. But we show here that the mechanical properties of silkworm silks can approach those of spider dragline silk when reeled under controlled conditions. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/418741a
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Who will fill the gap by making nucleic synthesizers now? (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 411 (2001), S. 15-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir We would like to draw attention to a looming problem for all those of us doing research involving the chemical synthesis of nucleic acids. Because the main manufacturer has stopped making the equipment we need, we believe that by the end of this year there will no longer ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35075244
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled n-type doping of a molecular organic semiconductor: Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) doped with bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4340-4343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a study of controlled n-type doping in molecular organic semiconductors: Naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride is doped by cosublimation with the donor molecule bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene. Electrical parameters are deduced from temperaturedependent measurements of the conductivity and the thermopower for various dopant concentrations. The results are compared to the predictions of a standard model commonly used for crystalline semiconductors. The Fermi level shifts towards the transport level, the conductivity is increased, and the mobility decreases with the doping ratio. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373413
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release isentropes of overdriven plastic-bonded explosive PBX-9501 (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6287-6293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Continuous release isentropes for the plastic-bonded explosive PBX-9501 are obtained from velocity interferometer system for any reflector measurements at a high-explosive/LiF interface. Forward calculations from a tabular representation of the isentropes to the measured u(t) data at the interface are iterated to yield isentropes that give agreement with the data. Curves for the isentropes and for the isentropic gamma, γS=−(∂lnP/∂lnV)S are presented. Because isentropes from different overdriven states differ, a crude estimate of the Grüneisen parameter is obtained. An overall representation of the data is achieved with this Grüneisen parameter and a single isentrope through the Chapman–Jouguet state. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323513
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple measurement of the absolute internal quantum efficiency of thin organic films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7802-7804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this article, we present a simple method for the determination of the absolute internal quantum efficiency of thin organic dye layers. The basic idea is the comparison of the luminescence of the film with the reflection of a white diffusive reflectance standard measured at one angle with a simple spectrofluorometer. The method is compared to the procedure of de Mello [J. C. de Mello, H. F. Wittmann and R. H. Friend, Adv. Mater. 9, 230 (1997)], which uses an integrating sphere. As examples, the quantum yields of films of the two perylene derivatives N,N′-dimethylperylene-3,4:9,10-dicarboximide and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, are determined. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373458
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very-low-operating-voltage organic light-emitting diodes using a p-doped amorphous hole injection layer (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 410-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate the use of a p-doped amorphous starburst amine, 4, 4′, 4″-tris(N, N-diphenyl- amino)triphenylamine (TDATA), doped with a very strong acceptor, tetrafluoro- tetracyano-quinodimethane by controlled coevaporation as an excellent hole injection material for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Multilayered OLEDs consisting of double hole transport layers of p-doped TDATA and triphenyl-diamine, and an emitting layer of pure 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum exhibit a very low operating voltage (3.4 V) for obtaining 100 cd/m2 even for a comparatively large (110 nm) total hole transport layer thickness. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1343849
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromechanical properties of silicon-carbide thin films deposited using single-source chemical-vapor deposition (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 347-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 1,3-Disilabutane is used as a single-source precursor to deposit conformal silicon-carbide films on silicon atomic-force-microscopy cantilevers. By measuring the resonance frequency of the cantilever as a function of silicon-carbide film thickness and developing an appropriate model, the value of the film's elastic modulus is determined. This value is in good agreement with those reported for silicon-carbide films deposited using conventional dual-source chemical-vapor deposition. Additionally, we comment on the feasibility of integrating this process into the fabrication technology for microelectromechanical systems. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1383277
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