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  • Cambridge University Press
  • 2000-2004  (536)
  • 1930-1934
Collection
Years
Year
  • 1
    Unknown
    Cambrige, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press
    Keywords: Economic development, Congresses. ; Financial institutions, Congresses.
    Notes: I. FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES IN EUROPE --Markets and institutions in the rise of London as a financial center in the seventeenth century /Larry Neal, Stephen Quinn --Paris Bourse, 1724-1814: experiments in microstructure /Eugene N. White --No exit: notarial bankruptcies and the evolution of financial intermediation in nineteenth century paris /Philip T. Hoffman, Gilles Postel-Vinay, Jean-Laurent Rosenthal --II. FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES IN THE AMERICAS --Mortgage market in Upper Canada: window on a pioneer economy /Angela Redish --Integration of U.S. capital markets: southern stock markets and the case of New Orleans, 1871-1913 /John B. Legler, Richard Sylla --Transition from building and loan to savings and loan, 1890-1940 /Kenneth A. Snowden --III. OTHER FORMS OF INTERMEDIATION --Intermediaries in the U.S. market for technology, 1870-1920 /Naomi R. Lamoreaux, Kenneth L. Sokoloff --Beyond Chinatown: overseas Chinese intermediaries on the multiethnic North-American Pacific coast in the age of financial capital /Dianne Newell --Finance and capital accumulation in a planned economy: the agricultural surplus hypothesis and soviet economic development, 1928-1939 /Robert C. Allen --Was adherence to the gold standard a "good housekeeping seal of approval" during the interwar period? /Michael Bordo, Michael Edelstein, Hugh Rockoff.
    Pages: ix, 350 p.
    ISBN: 0-511-06172-2
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  • 2
    Unknown
    Cambridge, UK ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press
    Cambridge companions to literature  
    Keywords: Wollstonecraft, Mary,, 1759-1797, Criticism and interpretation. ; Wollstonecraft, Mary,, 1759-1797, Criticism and interpretation, Handbooks, manuals, etc. ; Wollstonecraft, Mary,, 1759-1797, Critique et interprétation. ; Feminism and literature, England, History, 18th century. ; Femmes et littérature, Angleterre, Histoire, 18e siècle. ; Littérature féministe, Angleterre, Histoire, 18e siècle. ; Women and literature, England, History, 18th century.
    Notes: Mary Wollstonecraft's letters /Janet Todd --Mary Wollstonecraft on education /Alan Richardson --Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindications and their political tradition /Chris Jones --Mary Wollstonecraft's French Revolution /Tom Furniss --Mary Wollstonecraft's literary reviews /Mitzi Myers --The religious foundations of Mary Wollstonecraft's feminism /Barbara Taylor --Mary Wollstonecraft and the literature of advice and instruction /Vivien Jones --Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman and the women writers of her day /Anne K. Mellor --Mary Wollstonecraft and the poets /Susan J. Wolfson --Mary Wollstonecraft's novels /Claudia L. Johnson --Letters written during a short residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark: travelling with Mary Wollstonecraft /Mary A. Favret --Mary Wollstonecraft and the sexuality of genius /Andrew Elfenbein /Mary Wollstonecraft's reception and legacies /Cora Kaplan.
    Pages: xxi, 284 p.
    ISBN: 0-511-06703-8
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2001-01-01
    Description: We present prehistoric mercury accumulation rates in a dated sediment core from Lagoa da Pata, a remote lake in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, northern Amazon. The sediment samples were subdivided for mercury and radiocarbon analyses. A group of 18 samples have been prepared at ANU for 14C dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The dating results show a good correlation with depth in the core, down to 41,500 BP. Three distinct sections are clearly identified in the core. They consist of upper and lower organic-rich layers, separated by an inorganic layer which represents a short period of rapid accumulation around 18 ka BP. The mercury accumulation rate is found to be larger in the upper layer (18 ka to present) than in the lower one (41 ka to 25 ka), by a factor of three. The larger accumulation rate of mercury is probably associated with warmer temperatures and a higher frequency of forest fires during the Holocene.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: The Russian Far East is characterized by widespread peat bogs with a sufficiently thick peat accumulation. A series of radiocarbon dates from the studied peat bogs (in Lower Amur) were obtained. Analysis of these dates shows that the total peat formation in this territory began in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene (11830 ± 820, TIG-157; 9975 ± 120, SOAN-4025). The rates of peat accumulation and the humidity index were counted. In addition, the botanical composition and degree of peat decomposition were defined. These data allow to study in more detail climate fluctuation and the 14C chronology of Holocene events in the region studied.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-01-01
    Description: We investigated Csípo-halom, one of the kurgans that served as a burial place in the Hortobágy area of the Hungarian Great Plain. For pedological description and other studies of the protected mound and its surroundings, only a few monitoring drillings were permitted to get soil samples. On the basis of morphological and visual studies, the structure and layers of the mound were reconstructed. The Laboratory of Environmental Studies of the Institute of Nuclear Research at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (INR/HAS) performed radiocarbon measurements of soil samples, applying a bulk combustion pretreatment method. The measured 14C ages of soil samples from reference points, such as the top layer of the mound, the center of mound body, the base layer of the mound, the near surroundings, and the distant surroundings, are in good agreement with the preliminary archaeological concept for this field and give substantial information about the rate of soil generation processes in this area.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2001-01-01
    Description: Reliable radiocarbon dating depends upon well-defined samples. We have been investigating whether or not reliable 14C dates can be obtained directly from sub-fossil insect cuticle or biochemical fractions derived from it. Initial carbon and nitrogen stable isotope measurements on sub-fossil insect chitin from species with known feeding behaviors found within a single site (St Bees, Cumbria) clustered in a manner reminiscent of trophic level effects seen in terrestrial ecosystems. Although this finding implied some chemical stability, the measurement of CN ratios from the same samples indicated compositional variability. In addition, 14C dates obtained from these same samples were different from dates obtained from plant macrofossils found at the same depth. We have experimented with protocols designed to biochemically reduce chitin to its principle carbohydrate component glucosamine with the aim of using this compound to generate reliable 14C dates. Solvent extractions of sub-fossil chitin were carried out to remove both endogenous and exogenous lipid-soluble materials. Base hydrolysis reactions designed to extract polypeptides retained surprisingly high levels of contaminating amino acids. Proteinase K enzyme treatment had little affect on the level of amino acid contamination. Strong acid hydrolysis reactions designed to depolymerize chitin to glucosamine yielded only 5% glucosamine. Clearly alternative methods of chitin depolymerization must be identified before the purification and 14C dating of glucosamine from sub-fossil chitin becomes practical.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2001-01-01
    Description: Lynch's Crater in northeastern Australia provides a long, continuous record of environmental change within the Late Quaternary. Here, we present newly determined radiocarbon ages, using acid-base-acid stepped combustion (ABA-SC) and acid-base-wet oxidation stepped combustion (ABOX-SC) pretreatment strategies. The new results largely confirm the original untreated radiocarbon results for the uppermost 9 m of sediments, (ca. 35 ka BP). Below this depth, results from both pretreatment methods are in stratigraphic agreement and extend the dating of the record from 38 ka BP to about 48 ka BP, although an apparent increased sedimentation rate below 12 m is questionable. The scarcity of “charcoal” in several of the samples raises questions regarding the application of ABOX-SC to lake or swamp sediments, with evidence for contributions from younger, chemically resistant bacterial carbon along with fine “charcoal” in some samples. However, the extent to which this phenomenon is significant to the final age estimate appears to be sample specific, and is probably dependent upon the length of the wet oxidation step in the pretreatment.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2001-08-15
    Description: The temporal dynamics of large-scale structures in a plane turbulent mixing layer are studied through the development of a low-order dynamical system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This model is derived by projecting Navier-Strokes equations onto an empirical basis set from the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) using a Galerkin method. To obtain this low-dimensional set of equations, a truncation is performed that only includes the first POD mode for selected streamwise/ spanwise (k1/k3) modes. The initial truncations are for k3 = 0; however, once these truncations are evaluated, non-zero spanwise wavenumbers are added. These truncated systems of equations are then examined in the pseudo-Fourier space in which they are solved and by reconstructing the velocity field. Two different methods for closing the mean streamwise velocity are evaluated that show the importance of introducing, into the low-order dynamical system, a term allowing feedback between the turbulent and mean flows. The results of the numerical simulations show a strongly periodic flow indicative of the spanwise vorticity. The simulated flow had the correct energy distributions in the cross-stream direction. These models also indicated that the events associated with the centre of the mixing layer lead the temporal dynamics. For truncations involving both spanwise and streamwise wavenumbers, the reconstructed velocity field exhibits the main spanwise and streamwise vortical structures known to exist in this flow. The streamwise aligned vorticity is shown to connect spanwise vortex tubes.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-03-25
    Description: Microscale breaking wind waves cover much of the surface of open waters exposed to moderate wind forcing. Recent studies indicate that understanding the nature and key features of the surface skin flows associated with these small waves is fundamental to explaining the dramatic enhancement of constituent exchange that occurs in their presence. We describe a laboratory study in which velocity measurements were made within a few hundred micrometres of the surface of microscale breaking wind waves without bubble entrainment, using flow visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques for a range of wind speed and fetch conditions. Our measurements show that for each experiment, the mean surface drift directly induced by the wind on the upwind faces and crests of these waves is (0.23 ± 0.02 ua* in the trough increasing to (0.33 ± 0.07) ua* at the crest, where ua* is the wind friction velocity. About these mean values, there is substantial variability in the instantaneous surface velocity up to approximately ±0.17 ua* in the trough and ±0.37 ua* at the crest. This variability can be attributed primarily to the modulation of the wave field, with additional contributions arising from fluctuations in wind forcing and near-surface turbulence generated by shear in the drift layer or by the influence of transient microscale breaking. We observed that in a frame of reference travelling with a microscale breaking wave, the transport in the aqueous surface layer is rearward along its entire surface, except within and immediately upwind of the spilling region. Moreover, we found that transport of surface fluid rarely occurs forward over the crest and into the spilling region. This is in marked contrast with previously envisaged wind drift layer flow structures. Visualizations and PIV measurements demonstrate the important role of microscale wind-wave breaking in the direct transport of fluid from the surface to the highly turbulent domain below. Many hundreds of surface flow visualization images were carefully examined. These showed that at the toe of each microscale breaker spilling region, there is an intense and highly localized convergence of surface fluid, with convergence rates generally exceeding 100 s-1. By comparison, observations of surface convergence attributable to parasitic capillary activity are modest. The changes in mean surface drift along the upwind faces of the waves are equivalent to mean surface divergences of between 0.2 and 1.3 s-1. Flow visualizations of the surface layer along the upwind (windward) faces of these waves revealed the occurrence of locally intense flow divergence. However, maximum values of the divergence rate were observed to be only of order 10 s-1. Hence these divergence zones are much more diffuse than the convergence zones at the toes of spilling regions. Overall, our measurements strongly support the view that microscale breaking is likely to be the dominant process in the enhancement of sea surface exchange at moderate wind speeds, as has been suggested by a number of previous investigators. Using a simple model based on our observations, it is shown that microscale breaking is potentially a very effective process in the observed enhancement of constituent transfer for U10 ≥ 4 m s-1 (where U 10 is wind speed measured 10 m above the surface) and this mechanism exceeds by a wide margin the strength of other previously proposed mechanisms.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2004-07-25
    Description: A simultaneous technique employing particle image velocimetry (PIV) and shadow-graphy was used to study vertical slug flow in non-Newtonian fluids. Two aqueous solutions of 0.8 and 1.0wt% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were studied and the flow field around individual Taylor bubbles fully characterized. The rheological fluid properties and pipe dimension yielded Reynolds numbers of 8 and 4 and Deborah numbers of 0.2 and 0.4. A negative wake was found downstream of the Taylor bubbles in both fluids. Below the bubble trailing edge, along the axis region, the fluid flows in the opposite direction to the bubble (negative wake), originating rotational liquid movements in adjacent regions. Even far downward from the bubble, rotational liquid movements are clearly seen and measured. In the l.0 wt% CMC solution, the bubble trailing edge has the shape of a two-dimensional cusp. This two-dimensional cusp, of small dimensions, is seen in different orientations during the bubble rise-indicating a fast rotational movement. The asymmetrical shape of the trailing edge is responsible for small asymmetries in the flow in the wake region (three-dimensional flow). The asymmetrical shape associated with the rotational movement is responsible for an unsteady flow of small amplitude. In the 0.8 wt% CMC solution, the shape of the trailing edge changes during the bubble rise. An axisymmetric axial oscillation a continuous expansion and contraction of the trailing edge, is the origin of this behaviour. This oscillatory movement is responsible for an unsteady flow of small amplitude in the wake region. © 2004 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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