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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RICE EXTERNAL PREFERENCE MAPPING FOR ASIAN CONSUMERS LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Twenty-one rice samples covering examples of aromatic, long and medium grain, instant, and parboiled products were evaluated by a group of 120 Asian consumers, currently living in the United States and by a professionally trained sensory panel. Results showed that imported Thai Jasmine rice was preferred by this group of Asian consumers over every other rice tested including domestically grown Jasmine rice. The most important acceptance factors for Asian consumers were cooked rice appearance and aroma. Predictive models of rice overall acceptance were evaluated using descriptive sensory evaluation data (i.e. including appearance, flavor and texture attributes). These models allowed the identification of sensory characteristics most important to rice acceptance by this consumer group. This information could be useful to rice breeders to select for specific sensory characteristics expected by Asian consumers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00291.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Rapid Hexane-free Method for Analyzing Lycopene Content in Watermelon (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Lycopene is a red carotenoid with antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. Current methods to assay lycopene content are time-consuming and require organic solvents. This report discusses a rapid and reliable light-absorption method to assay watermelon lycopene content that uses no organic solvents. Light absorption of 152 watermelon flesh purees was measured with a xenon flash colorimeter/spectrophotometer that can measure actual light absorption from opaque samples; results were compared with a hexane extraction method. The puree absorbance method gave a precise linear relationship (R2= 0.98) to lycopene content and was independent of lycopene concentrations or watermelon variety within the lycopene concentration measured (24 mg/g to 88 mg/g fresh weight).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14160.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modified Spore Inoculation Method for Thermal-Process Verification of Pinto Beans and Green Beans Canned in Two Large Reusable Containers (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As an alternative to standard metal cans, 2 large, reusable containers with volumetric capacities 3.6 to 3.8 times larger than a standard #10 can were constructed of nickel-plated steel. Process times and cold point determinations were previously determined using mathematical approximations of heat-penetration data. It was necessary to verify the adequacy of these process times using inoculated containers. Because it was impractical to use traditional inoculated can procedures, a modification was developed using spores of Clostridium sporogenes PA3679 immobilized in alginate beads contained in brass tubes. Adequacy of the calculated thermal processes was demonstrated; no viable anaerobic spores survived in the inoculated packs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08275.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Rapid Screening-Level Method to Optimize Location of Infiltration Ponds (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A rapid-screening technique was developed to identify Ethologies that best disperse artificial recharge via surface infiltration and minimize effects on ground water chemistry. The technique prospectively evaluates basin infiltration rates and water chemistry influences by integrating geotechnical, hydraulic, and water quality data with column test data and numerical modeling. The technique was validated using field data collected from surface infiltration basins designed to recharge ground water pumped from the Pipeline pit gold mine in Nevada. Observed recharge rates at these infiltration sites correlated most significantly with depth to groundwater, with basins in coarse-grained lithologies performing better (0.45 to 0.85 m/day) than those with fine-grained layers (〈0.30 m/day). Observed water quality resulting from leaching of the previously unsaturated vadose zone showed a transitory (〈 six months) increase in solute concentrations followed by a decrease to baseline conditions, a phenomenon also observed in column tests that leached native soils with local ground water. Leaching of fine-grained soils with evaporites resulted in greater solute concentrations (TDS 〉 2000 mg/L) than coarse-grained soils (〈1200 mg/L). The results of HYDRUS_2D simulations using the accumulated data as input were in agreement with observed ground water chemistry downgradient of the infiltration basins for a variety of lithologies. Sites for infiltration basins can be rapidly screened to include areas with greatest depth to groundwater and in coarsest alluvial sediments, and impact to ground water chemistry can be reliably predicted using computer modeling and column test results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02304.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorine-36 in Ground Water Containing Low Chloride Concentrations (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 38 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Analyses of ground water from wells and springs in the United States indicate a broad regional trend in preanthropogenic (36Cl/total Cl) ×1015 ratios in potable water. Coastal areas influenced by marine chloride have ratios less than 100. These ratios increase inland and reach a maximum of about 1400 in the central and northern Rocky Mountains. However, the magnitude of these regional variations is greatly exceeded at a local level if water samples are considered regardless of age or origin. Most local departures from regional trends can be attributed to mixing of ground water recharge with either 36Cl from nuclear fusion tests to produce higher ratios or mixing with sources of old chloride such as from evaporite minerals to produce lower ratios. A useful interpretation of 36Cl data is difficult unless the origin of the chloride is understood. The interpretation is an unusually difficult problem for water having low chloride concentrations. The assumption that low concentrations originate primarily from wet and dry atmospheric deposition can be questioned even for some dilute waters with less than 2.0 mg/L chloride. Chloride/bromide ratios in ground water can help decipher the origin of the chloride. The presence of nonatmospheric chloride can be identified in part by its association with chloride/bromide mass ratios greater than about 200 in coastal areas and 100 in inland areas. Accurate chloride and bromide analyses are recommended for virtually all studies of 36Cl in natural waters, and particularly those with low concentrations of chloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00691.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Comparison of Three-Dimensional Interpolation Techniques for Plume Characterization (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Interpolation of contaminant data can present a significant challenge due to sample clustering and sharp gradients in concentration. The research presented in this paper represents a study of commonly used interpolation schemes applied to three-dimensional plume characterization. Kriging, natural neighbor, and inverse distance weighted interpolation were tested on four actual data sets. The accuracy of each scheme was gauged using the cross-validation approach. Each scheme was compared to the other schemes and the effect of various interpolation parameters was studied. The kriging approach resulted in the lowest error at three of the four sites. The simpler and quicker inverse distance weighted approach resulted in a lower interpolation error on the other site and performed well overall. The natural neighbor method had the highest average error at all four sites in spite of the fact that it has been shown to perform well with clustered data. Another unexpected result was that the computationally expensive high order nodal functions resulted in reduced accuracy for the inverse distance weighted and natural neighbor approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02375.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating Recharge Distribution by Incorporating Runoff from Mountainous Areas in an Alluvial Basin in the Great Basin Region of the Southwestern United States (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A method is described to estimate the distribution of ground water recharge within hydrographic basins in the Great Basin region of the southwestern United States on the basis of estimated runoff from high mountainous areas and subsequent infiltration in alluvial fans surrounding the intermontane basins. The procedure involves a combination of Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, empirical surface-runoff modeling, and water-balance calculations. The method addresses the need to develop and incorporate constraints on the distribution of recharge in regional-scale ground water flow modeling of arid and semiarid environments. The conceptual approach and methodology were developed for Crescent Valley, Nevada. However, the concept and method are generally applicable to any region where excess precipitation in upland areas is conveyed to lower elevations before it infiltrates to recharge the ground water system. Application of the procedure to a ground water flow model of Crescent Valley appears both qualitatively and quantitatively to result in a more accurate representation of actual recharge conditions than might otherwise have been prescribed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02469.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory Column Experiments Using Polymer Mats to Remove Selected VOCs, PAHs, and Pesticides from Ground Water (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 22 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Large-scale column experiments were undertaken to evaluate the potential of polymer mats to remove selected volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides (atrazine and fenamiphos) from ground water and potentially to act as permeable reactive barriers in contaminated ground water environments. The polymer mats, composed of interwoven silicone (dimethylsiloxane) tubes and purged with air, were installed in 2 m long flow-through columns. The polymer mats proved efficient in physically removing (stripping) benzene and naphthalene from contaminated water. Removal efficiencies for both these compounds from an aqueous phase flowing past a polymer mat were 75% or greater. However, for atrazine and fenamiphos, removal efficiencies were 5% or less, probably as a result of their lower Henry's law constants and possibly lower polymer diffusion coefficients.These experiments indicate that, at least for relatively volatile compounds, polymer mats can provide a remediation technique for the removal of organic compounds from contaminated water. Application of this technique may be well suited as a longer-term, semipassive strategy to remediate contaminated ground water, using natural ground water flow to deliver contaminated ground water to polymer mats engineered as sorption-stripping barriers.Additional benefits of this technique may include targeted delivery of gaseous chemical amendments, such as oxygen, to enhance aerobic biodegradation and to further reduce any residual concentrations of contaminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00318.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental Implications of Incineration and Other Advanced Sludge-Treatment Processes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: In the UK, there is a strong trend towards more thermal processing of sludge with energy recovery or advanced treatment of sludge, in preparation for use in agriculture or other outlets. This has resulted from (a) the loss of the sea-disposal outlet and (b) pressure to improve the microbiological quality of recycled biosolids to land. In 1996–97, incineration accounted for 8% of sludge, and this figure is expected to increase to 21% by the year 2005. During this period, the annual production of sludge is expected to increase from 1.12 million tDS to 1.47 million tDS. More sludge will be treated by processes such as thermal drying, thermophilic digestion, prepasteurisation and mesophilic anaerobic digestion, lime treatment and other advanced options such as gasification. These developments apply across the EU and are likely to be driven forward by the impending revision of the ‘sludge to land’Directive. The paper considers the environmental implications of these developments in terms of energy usage and recovery, air and water quality, greenhouse-gas emissions, effects on contaminants, and the quality of products or residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2002.tb00388.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static and Push-Pull Methods Using Radon-222 to Characterize Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Saturations (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 41 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Naturally occurring radon in ground water can potentially be used as an in situ partitioning tracer to characterize dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) saturations. The static method involves comparing radon concentrations in water samples from DNAPL-contaminated and noncontaminated portions of an aquifer, while the push-pull method involves the injection (push) and extraction (pull) of a radon-free test solution from a single well. In the presence of DNAPL, radon concentrations during the pull phase are retarded, with retardation manifested in greater dispersion of radon concentrations relative to a conservative tracer. The utility of these methods was investigated in the laboratory using a physical aquifer model (PAM). Static and push-pull tests were performed before and after contamination of the PAM sediment pack with trichloroethene (TCE), and after alcohol cosolvent flushing and pump-and-treat remediation. Numerical simulations were used to estimate the retardation factor for radon in push-pull tests. Radon partitioning was observed in static and push-pull tests conducted after TCE contamination. Calculated TCE saturations ranged up to 1.4% (static test) and 14.1% (push-pull test). Post-remediation tests showed decreases in TCE saturations. The results show that radon is sensitive to changes in DNAPL saturation in space and time. However, the methods are sensitive to DNAPL saturation heterogeneity, test location, sample size, and test design. The influence of these factors on test results, as well as the apparent overestimation of the retardation factor in push-pull tests, warrant further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02381.x
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