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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Estimation of Dark Muscle Content in the Mackerel Meat Paste and its Products Using Antisera Against Myosin Light Chains (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Based on the high level of extractability of myosin subunits (light chains), even after prolonged heat treatment of muscle, a new method to evaluate the dark muscle content in the fish meat and products of mackerel is proposed. Tissue-specific rabbit antisera with myosin light chains (A1 from ordinary muscle and D1 from dark muscle) from mackerel Scomber japonicus were obtained. Mackerel meat paste (surimi) was dissolved in 8 M urea containing 1% SDS, and diffused on agar plates containing antiserum against A1 or D1 by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). The results obtained showed that the area of halos formed in the plates was quite proportional to the content of dark muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15205.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection promotes SOCS induction and inhibits IFN-γ-stimulated JAK/STAT signaling in J774 macrophages (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 39 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The resurgence in mycobacterial infection worldwide has led to renewed attention to the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium species. Although interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a principal mediator of macrophage activation, macrophages infected with Mycobacterium are poor in response at the cytokine. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mycobacterial infection remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the poor response to IFN-γ in mycobacterial infection. Our data clearly demonstrate that this is due to induction of suppressor of cytokine signal (SOCS) negative regulators of IFN-γ signal transduction that closely correlates with the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling and gene expression stimulated by IFN-γ. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection induces the production of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in murine J774 macrophages. The level of SOCS-1 mRNA increased 1 h and reached a maximum 3 h after the addition of the bacteria. SOCS-3 mRNA expression appeared as early as 1 h after the infection. We also observed that trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate/cord factor, a major component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall, induces expression of SOCS and inhibits IFN-γ-stimulated phosphorylation of STAT1 extensively in the cells. The results in this study suggest that a molecular mechanism of mycobacterial infection affects the unresponsiveness to IFN-γ in the subsequent growth and spread of macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00231-1
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction and characterization of a Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae bacterial artificial chromosome library (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 200 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important plant pathogen which causes bacterial blight of rice. To facilitate genome studies of this bacterium, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of strain MAFF 311018. It consisted of 750 clones representing 16 genome equivalents, and had an insert size ranging from 20 to 220 kb with an average size of 107 kb. This library is the first to be constructed from a X. oryzae pv. oryzae strain. The usefulness of this library was demonstrated through polymerase chain reaction screening of 11 genes and the 16S–23S rDNA spacer region in a 192-clone subset, representing five genome equivalents. The results obtained showed an average of 5.9 BAC clones per screening. This result is in good agreement with the estimated size of the test library, indicating that the constructed BAC library can be used to facilitate genome analysis of X. oryzae pv. oryzae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10693.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunobiological activities of a chemically synthesized lipid A of Porphyromonas gingivalis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 28 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A synthetic lipid A of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381 (compound PG-381), which is similar to its natural lipid A, demonstrated no or very low endotoxic activities as compared to Escherichia coli-type synthetic lipid A (compound 506). On the other hand, compound PG-381 had stronger hemagglutinating activities on rabbit erythrocytes than compound 506. Compound PG-381 also induced mitogenic responses in spleen cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice, as well as LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice. The addition of polymyxin B resulted in the inhibition of mitogenic activities, however, compound 506 did not show these capacities. Additionally, compound PG-381 showed a lower level of activity in inducing cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages and gingival fibroblasts from C3H/HeN mice, but not C3H/HeJ mice, in comparison to compound 506. Thus, this study demonstrates that the chemical synthesis of lipid A, mimicking the natural lipid A portion of LPS from P. gingivalis, confirms its low endotoxic potency and immunobiological activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01487.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of endotoxin-induced lethality in mice by calmodulin kinase activator (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381 lipid A showed lower activity in inducing interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β production and cytokine mRNA expression than synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A (compound 506) in alveolar macrophages of C57BL/6 mice. Both the lipid As induced tumor necrosis factor α in alveolar macrophages and IL-6 in peritoneal macrophages. A calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, W-7, inhibited IL-1β production and its mRNA expression induced by P. gingivalis lipid A but not compound 506 in alveolar macrophages. A CaM kinase activator reduced the induction of IL-1β in the serum of mice when administered with compound 506, and protected the mice against the lethal toxicity. The modulation of a variety of intracellular enzymes including the CaM kinase may result in clinical control of endotoxic sepsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01431.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of 22-kDa protein reacting with sera in piglets experimentally infected with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 28 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to examine the effect of spectinomycin on outbreaks of swine dysentery, experimental infection of piglets with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was carried out. Feed with and without spectinomycin (SP) was given to each piglet ad libitum and the susceptibility of the piglets to infection with B. hyodysenteriae was compared between SP-treated and untreated piglets. The results showed that the SP-treated piglets did not display clinical signs of swine dysentery unlike the untreated piglets. The sera obtained from these piglets were examined by the microscopic agglutination test and antibodies to B. hyodysenteriae in both groups of experimentally infected piglets were detected and the reaction was serogroup-specific. The agglutination titers were very high in the untreated piglets with dysentery while the titers in the SP-treated piglets were lower than those in the untreated piglets. In addition, the immunoblotting technique was applied and the results demonstrated that 22- and 17-kDa proteins in strain ATCC 31212 (serogroup B) reacted strongly with the sera from the untreated piglets but not with the sera from the SP-treated piglets. The 22- and 17-kDa proteins also reacted with strain ATCC 27164 (serogroup A) which belongs to a different serogroup. The 22- and 17-kDa proteins were also confirmed in six other strains of B. hyodysenteriae which belong to six different serogroups. These proteins were sensitive to proteinase K. These results indicate that the 22- and 17-kDa proteins are common to eight strains of B. hyodysenteriae which differ serologically from each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2000.tb01455.x
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