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  • American Geophysical Union  (22)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (15)
  • Paleontological Society  (12)
  • EMBO Press
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 2000-2004  (22)
  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1990-1994  (12)
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Publisher
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superspace formulation of general massive gauge theories and geometric interpretation of mass-dependent Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetries (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7304-7332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A superspace formulation is proposed for the osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of general massive gauge theories. The superalgebra osp(1,2) is considered as subalgebra of the superalgebra sl(1,2)∼osp(2,2) which may be considered as the algebra of generators of the conformal group in a superspace with two anticommuting coordinates. The mass-dependent (anti)Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetries of proper solutions of the quantum master equations in the osp(1,2)-covariant formalism are realized in that superspace as invariance under translations combined with mass-dependent special conformal transformations. The Sp(2) symmetry—in particular the ghost number conservation—and the new ghost number conservation are realized in the superspace as invariance under symplectic rotations and dilatations, respectively. The new ghost number conservation is generally broken by the choice of a gauge. The transformations of the gauge fields and the full set of necessarily required (anti)ghost and auxiliary fields under the superalgebra sl(1,2) are determined both for irreducible and first-stage reducible theories with closed gauge algebra. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288496
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of reducible massive gauge theories (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 6189-6208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of irreducible gauge theories is generalized to L-stage reducible theories. The dependence of the generating functional of Green's functions on the choice of gauge in the massive case is discussed and Ward identities related to osp(1,2) symmetry are given. Massive first-stage theories with closed gauge algebra are studied in detail. The generalization of the Chapline–Manton model and topological Yang–Mills theory to the case of massive fields are considered as examples. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533086
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition and nanocrystallization in reactively sputtered amorphous Ta–Si–N thin films (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1986-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nanocrystallization process of reactively sputtered thin amorphous Ta–Si–N films is investigated by anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the microstructure in Ta40Si14N46 films, density variations in the amorphous matrix, decomposition, formation, and growth of nanocrystals after vacuum anneals at different temperatures in the range between 800 and 1000 °C are observed and the results of the different techniques are compared. From a Fourier analysis of ASAXS intensities the nanostructure of the investigated ternary system is derived using a model of hard spheres according to Guinier and Fournet. ASAXS investigations indicate that the noncrystalline samples can be described by a monophase fit and the crystallized samples by a bimodal-phase fit, the latter results being consistent with XRD which identifies TaN and Ta5Si3 phases. Detailed analysis shows that TaN nanograins of approximately 2 nm size develop after a decomposition process. Larger grains of Ta5Si3 are observed in addition to the TaN grains if annealing is performed at temperatures higher than 950 °C. The aim of these investigations is to give a generally applicable explanation of the barrier failure mechanism for Ta–Si–N diffusion barriers, which is actually observed at temperatures below the crystallization temperature if the films are used in contact with Cu or Al. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388173
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applicability of effective medium theory to ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic composites with composition and frequency-dependent complex permittivities and permeabilities (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1655-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-frequency (1 MHz–1 GHz) transmission line measurements were used to determine the composition and frequency-dependent complex permittivities and complex permeabilities of ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic (barium titanate and a magnesium-copper-zinc ferrite) composites. The effective medium rules of Maxwell–Garnett give both lower and upper bounds for the effective permittivities and permeabilities and yield accurate estimates of the bulk electric and magnetic properties at low volume fill fraction of either component provided the proper host matrix is chosen. Bruggeman theory yielded the best predictive values for the permittivity and permeability over the entire composition range. In all cases these complex quantities were shown to be constrained by Bergman–Milton bounds. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification during scanning tunneling microscope measurements on YBa2Cu3O7 thin films (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7774-7777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: During scanning tunneling microscopy measurements on YBa2Cu3O7 thin films with positive sample bias voltages, different kinds of surface modifications appear. While in the topography condition no surface modification occurs, the cleaning and etching conditions irreversibly change the surface topography. In the deformation condition a strong elastic deformation of the tip and/or the surface is observed. It is shown that field evaporation of material from the surface to the tip is responsible for the observed surface modification. In consequence, the tip is contaminated with different oxides. Localized states in the oxides make resonant tunneling of electrons through the oxide layer possible. The configuration of these localized states determines the kind of surface modification by the scanning tunneling microscope. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357955
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of irreducible massive gauge theories (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 674-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of general gauge theories is formulated which applies also to massive fields. The formalism generalizes the Sp(2)-covariant Batalin–Lavrov–Tyutin (BLT) approach and guarantees symplectic invariance of the quantized action. The dependence of the generating functional of Green's functions on the choice of gauge in the massive case disappears in the limit m→0. Ward identities related to osp(1,2) symmetry are derived. Massive gauge theories with closed algebra are studied as an example. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532681
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical deflection setup for stress measurements in thin films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 460-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We demonstrate an optical two-beam deflection setup for in situ stress measurements in thin films. By using improved position sensitive photodetectors we reach a resolution of better than 10−4 m−1 for substrate curvature measurement at a bandwidth of 1 kHz, with a relatively short optical path of 0.53 m and without employing a lock-in technique. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148721
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrode modification by electron-induced patterning of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3323-3325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Self-assembled monolayers of ω-(4′-methyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-dodecyl thiol [CH3–C6H4-C6H4–(CH2)12–SH,BP12] on gold were patterned via exposure to 300 eV electrons. Subsequent copper deposition in an electrochemical cell revealed behavior opposite to that of electron beam patterned monolayers of alkanethiols. Whereas alkanethiols act as a positive resist and lead to copper deposition only on irradiated parts, the biphenyl based thiol acts as a negative resist. At the irradiated areas the layer exhibits blocking behavior and copper deposition is observed only on the nonirradiated parts. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1415771
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanocrystallization of amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 diffusion barrier thin films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3618-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nanocrystallization process in thin amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 films, annealed in the range between 800 and 1000 °C for 1 h, is investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field and energy-dispersive x-ray analyses. At 800 °C clusters of about 2 nm in size indicate that compositional inhomogeneities have developed while the film has still remained structurally amorphous. The sample annealed at 900 °C contains a high density of nanograins of TaN measuring about 2 nm as well as amorphous structures measuring 75–100 nm having a high tantalum content. After annealing at 1000 °C, an almost entirely crystalline structure is observed with 4-nm-sized particles of cubic TaN and 15-nm-sized grains of Ta5Si3. Possible mechanisms driving these structural changes are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377626
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-induced crosslinking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers: Negative resists for nanolithography (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2401-2403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have explored the interaction of self-assembled monolayers of 1,1′-biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) with low energy electrons. X-ray photoelectron, infrared, and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy showed that BPT forms well-ordered monolayers with the phenyl rings tilted ∼15° from the surface normal. The films were exposed to 50 eV electrons and changes were monitored in situ. Even after high (∼10 mC/cm2) exposures, the molecules maintain their preferred orientation and remain bonded on the gold substrate. An increased etching resistance and changes in the infrared spectra imply a crosslinking between neighboring phenyl groups, which suggests that BPT can be utilized as an ultrathin negative resist. This is demonstrated by the generation of patterns in the underlying gold. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125027
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