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  • 2000-2004  (50)
  • 1950-1954  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Reaction of Cholesteryl p-Toluenesulfonate and Cholesteryl Halides with Pyridine Type Bases (1952)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 74 (1952), S. 5617-5618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01142a023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kremen proteins are Dickkopf receptors that regulate Wnt/β-catenin signalling (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 664-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins mediate cell–cell interactions during cell growth and differentiation in both embryos and adults. Canonical Wnt signalling by way of the β-catenin pathway is transduced by two receptor families. Frizzled proteins and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature756
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flextensional Barium Strontium Titanate Actuators (2003)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the performance of the cymbal flextensional transducer using Dy-doped barium strontium titanate (BST) as the driver material. BST was first characterized for its dielectric and loss behavior as a function of temperature and electrical bias field. With no electrical bias, the transition temperature was measured to be near 20°C and have a dielectric constant 〉20 000. The strain of a BST disk was then measured and compared with other ceramics. At room temperature the strain and average effective piezoelectric d33 of this non-lead composition was slightly larger than Navy type I lead zirconate titanate (PZT-4) ceramic. The strain/field behavior was also measured as a function of temperature. Cymbal capped BST ceramic was found to have an amplified displacement of 28×, also very similar to type I ceramic. The stiffness of BST was found to be tunable by dc voltage and 2 to 3 times larger than that of PZT. This material has promise for applications in actuators and transducers with large generative force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03400.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic characterization of spontaneous diploid androgenetic wheat and triticale plants (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The homozygosity of spontaneous hexaploid plants derived from anther culture was evaluated in wheat and triticale by means of 18 and 22 microsatellite markers, respectively. Most of the spontaneous hexaploid plants were homozygous for all the loci tested and had chromosomes recombining for parental alleles. Only 12% of the spontaneous hexaploid wheat plants, 11% of the artificially doubled wheat plants and 4.4% of the spontaneous hexaploid triticale plants were heterozygous at one to three of the loci studied. This showed that spontaneous hexaploid plants mostly came from normal haploid cells, obtained after meiosis, that underwent spontaneous chromosome doubling. However, first or second division restitution, producing unreduced gametes, cannot be completely excluded to explain the origin of the spontaneous hexaploid plants. Cytomixis, involving only one chromosome, or development of aneuploid trisomic gametes, followed by chromosome doubling for the spontaneous hexaploid plants, or transposition events could also explain some of the results obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00759.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WTO Dispute Settlement, Transparency and Surveillance (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @world economy 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00288
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and physical mapping of genes affecting awning in wheat (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for three traits related to awning (awn length at the base, the middle and the top of the ear) in wheat were mapped in a doubled-haploid line (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Courtot’ (awned) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (awnless) and grown in Clermont-Ferrand, France, under natural field conditions. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that was previously constructed based on 187 DH lines and 550 markers was used for the QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (more than 95%) and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker every 20.8 cM) was chosen for marker regression analysis. For each trait, only two consistent QTL were identified with individual effects ranging from 8.5 to 45.9% of the total phenotypic variation. These two QTL cosegregated with the genes Hd on chromosome 4A and B2 on chromosome 6B, which are known to inhibit awning. The results were confirmed using ‘Chinese Spring’ deletion lines of these two chromosomes, which have awned spikes, while ‘Chinese Spring’ is usually awnless. No quantitative trait locus was detected on chromosome 5A where the B1 awn-inhibitor gene is located, suggesting that both ‘Courtot’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ have the same allelic constitution at this locus. The occurrence of awned speltoid spikes on the deletion lines of this chromosome suggests that ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Courtot’ have the dominant B1 allele, indicating that B1 alone has insufficient effect to induce complete awn inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.728336.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Penaeus monodon Chitinase 1 Gene Is Differentially Expressed in the Hepatopancreas During the Molt Cycle (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 2 (2000), S. 126-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words:Penaeus monodon, shrimp, chitinase, gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: We have isolated a full-length chitinase complementary DNA from the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon that encodes a 621 amino acid protein possessing the functional domains of the chitinase protein family. The Penaeus monodon chitinase 1 (PmChi-1) gene product is 81.8% identical to a chitinase 1 protein expressed in the hepatopancreas of Penaeus japonicus. Analysis by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicates that PmChi-1 messenger RNA is detectable in the hepatopancreas and the gut. PmChi-1 expression during the molt cycle fluctuates markedly, with lowest mRNA levels at stages A1, C, and D3; there is a dramatic increase in transcript abundance at the D2 stage. Using the same tissues and molt stages, RT-PCR analyses of genes encoding other digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cathepsin L), a muscle structural protein (tropomyosin II), and housekeeping proteins (elongation factor II and GTP-binding protein) indicate that PmChi-1 is expressed in a distinct tissue-specific and stage-specific manner. The other digestive enzyme genes are expressed in a similar spatiotemporal pattern, but none exhibited a dramatic increase in transcript abundance at stage D2. Increased expression of PmChi-1 at D2 suggests that hepatopancreas-expressed chitinase is involved in the degradation of endogenous chitin in the gut peritrophic membrane prior to molting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101269900016
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location and mapping of the powdery mildew resistance gene MlRE and detection of a resistance QTL by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with microsatellites in wheat (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 1217-1224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Triticum aestivum ; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ; QTL mapping ; Molecular markers ; Disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The objective of this study was to locate and map a recently identified powdery mildew resistance gene, MlRE, carried by the resistant line RE714 using microsatellites uniformly distributed among the whole genome together with a bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The bulks consisted of individuals with an extreme phenotype taken from a population of 140 F3 families issued from the cross between RE714 (resistant) and Hardi (susceptible). The population had been tested with three powdery mildew isolates at the seedling stage. Qualitative interpretation of the resistance tests located the MlRE gene on the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 6A. A subsequent quantitative interpretation of the resistance permitted us to detect another resistance factor on a linkage group assigned to chromosome 5D, which was constructed with microsatellites for which a polymorphism of intensity between bulks was observed. This quantitative trait locus (QTL) explained 16.8– 25.34% of the total variation. An interaction between both the resistant factor (MlRE and the QTL) was found for only one of the isolates tested. This study shows the advantage of making a quantitative interpretation of resistant tests and that the use of microsatellites combined with BSA is a powerful strategy to locate resistance genes in wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051427
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of POU, Sox, and Pax Genes in the Brain Ganglia of the Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biotechnology 2 (2000), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2236
    Keywords: Key words:POU, Sox, Pax, ganglia, mollusk, lophotrochozoan.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract: In gastropod mollusks, neuroendocrine cells in the anterior ganglia have been shown to regulate growth and reproduction. As a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these physiological processes in the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina, we have identified sets of POU, Sox, and Pax transcription factor genes that are expressed in these ganglia. Using highly degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed to anneal to conserved codons in each of these gene families, we have amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction 2 POU genes (HasPOU-III and HasPOU-IV), 2 Sox genes (HasSox-B and HasSox-C), and two Pax genes (HasPax-258 and HasPax-6). Analyses with gene-specific primers indicated that the 6 genes are expressed in the cerebral and pleuropedal ganglia of both reproductively active and spent adults, in a number of sensory structures, and in a subset of other adult tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101260000039
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classical Behavior of the Dirac Bispinor (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 30 (2000), S. 35-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is usually supposed that the Dirac and radiation equations predict that the phase of a fermion will rotate through half the angle through which the fermion is rotated, which means, via the measured dynamical and geometrical phase factors, that the fermion must have a half-integral spin. We demonstrate that this is not the case and that the identical relativistic quantum mechanics can also be derived with the phase of the fermion rotating through the same angle as does the fermion itself. Under spatial rotation and Lorentz transformation the bispinor transforms as a four-vector like the potential and Dirac current. Previous attempts to provide this form of transformational behavior have foundered because a satisfactory current could not be derived.(14)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003686924816
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