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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 2692-2700 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the framework of a nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism, consisting of the so-called Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method, we discuss the question of the choice of the space of thermohydrodynamic states. We consider in particular the relevant question of the truncation of description (reduction of the dimension of the state space). A criterion for justifying the different levels of truncation is derived. It depends on the range of wavelengths and frequencies which are the relevant ones for the characterization, in terms of normal modes, of the thermohydrodynamic motion in a nonequilibrium open system. Applications to the cases of thermal-sensitive resins and of n-doped polar semiconductors are done, numerical results are presented, and experimental observation is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 5087-5095 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: During current ramp-up discharges, highly localized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluctuations were observed on the electron cyclotron emission diagnostics of Alcator C-Mod tokamak [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)]. The electron temperature profile was hollow, while the density profile was weakly decreasing. Assuming that the equilibration time was short enough to quickly thermalize ions the pressure profile was also found to be hollow. Using this pressure profile as an additional constraint to the EFIT program, an equilibrium with reversed shear was constructed having a q(0)(very-much-greater-than)1. The localized MHD activity was observed near the inner q=5 rational surface in this reconstructed equilibrium, where the Mercier criterion for ideal MHD stability was violated because of the reversed pressure gradient (dp/dr〉0), q〉1 and moderate shear. When kinetic effects were added, the ideal Mercier mode was finite ion Larmor radius stabilized. However, ion Landau damping was found to be strong enough to drive a kinetic Mercier instability. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4561-4566 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formalism for internal ballooning modes in a tokamak is extended to retain the strong radial variation of the ion diamagnetic drift frequency characteristic of edge plasmas in the pedestal region. The resulting finite Larmor radius (FLR) stabilization is modified and can be weaker than in the case of constant diamagnetic frequency. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ideal-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) energy principle is used to derive a necessary stability criterion for high-toroidal-number (n) external modes in axisymmetric equilibria. The corresponding trial functions are expressed in the ballooning representation, but have a finite amplitude at the plasma boundary and can apply to equilibria where the conventional, high-n internal ballooning criterion predicts stability. These trial functions are constructed by solving the standard local ballooning equation at the plasma boundary flux surface with the radial wave number parameter as a complex eigenvalue, such that the radial envelope of the mode is an exponential decaying into the plasma. The resulting stability criterion includes the surface and vacuum contributions to the MHD potential energy associated with the mode finite edge amplitude, and provides a framework for analyzing free-boundary ballooning and peeling modes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fifteen tagged female sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax were sampled weekly from September to April and plasma vitellogenin (VTG), testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2), and two potential maturation inducing steroids (MISs): 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) and 17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20βS) assayed. An oocyte sample was obtained via intraovarian cannulation at each sampling time from every female and the stage of development of the most advanced clutch of oocytes determined and related to VTG and hormone plasma levels for each female. The mean number of ovulations per female was 1·75+0·25 when those females that did not present ovulations were excluded and up to 4 ovulations detected in some females. The highest plasma levels of T (c. 6 ng ml-1) were observed during postvitellogenesis and the beginning of maturation while maximum plasma levels of E2 (〉5 ng ml-1) were obtained during late vitellogenesis. VTG plasma levels increased throughout vitellogenesis peaking (c. 2·5 mg ml-1) at postvittelogenesis. For the first time significant changes of plasma progestogens were detected in European sea bass during the sexual cycle. The highest plasma level of 17,20βP (c. 1·1 ng ml-1) was observed during postvitellogenesis while the highest level of 20βS (c. 1·4 ng ml-1) coincided with final maturation. These results suggest that 17,20βP and 20βS play a role in the early and final maturation, respectively, in the European sea bass.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5307-5310 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical properties of Eu3+ ions in oxyfluoride glass ceramics and in the precursor glasses (30 SiO2, 15 Al2O3, 29 CdF2, 22 PbF2, 1.5 YF3, and 2.5 EuF3, in mol %) have been analyzed and compared. The Eu3+ ions in the glass ceramics are incorporated into a crystalline environment with higher symmetry and lower energy coupled phonons. Emission measurements indicate that this crystalline phase is EuF3, instead of PbxCd1−xF2 as generally considered. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1862-0760
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Evaluation of Co-doping on the electrochemical properties of the sol-gel birnessite and the new lithiated manganese oxide Li0.45MnO2+δ is reported. For both compounds the synthesis of Co-doped materials via a solution technique is described. We demonstrate the interest of Co-doped structures with the selected content of 0.15 Co per mole of oxide as the optimum composition. In the case of Li0.45Mn1−yCoyO2+δ. prepared at 300 °C, a mixture of a lamellar phase and a cubic one is identified while the Co-doped birnessite appears as a single phase. A probable substitution of Mn by Co ions explains the better specific capacity of 185 mAh/g found and the excellent stability observed over 40 cycles in the voltage range 4.2−2.0 V.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: In July 2007 free floating mesocosm with app. 60m³ of volume were deployed in the southern Baltic Proper for app. two weeks. A gradient of increasing pCO2 concentrations was adjusted starting with the present concentration of 312 µatm up to 1600µatm as highest concentration. The response of the autotrophic plankton community was recorded in terms of nitrogen fixation rates. Heterotrophic activity was calculated based on the uptake of radiolabeled Thymidine. There was no clear increase of nitrogen fixation rates with higher pCO2. It rather seemed that the colonial species 〉10µm suffered under decreasing pH while the size fraction 〈10µm did not show any significant response In contrast to that cell specific bacterial biomass production sharply decreased within the first 24 hours after acidification but showed increasing activity with increasing CO2 concentration for the rest of the experiment. . A daily cycle of N-fix rates was only visible in the mesocosm with no pCO2 changes which also had highest N-fixation rates of up to 1.4nmol N/L/h.Our results indicate decoupling of primary and secondary production under increasing CO2 concentrations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-05-29
    Description: The Late Neoproterozoic Ouarzazate Group crops out on the north margin of the West African craton (WAC). In this group an important post-collisional magmatism is characterized by a great diversity in plutonic and volcanic rock types of the high-K calc-alkaline series. This series evolved mainly by crystal fractionation and by an important crustal contamination from an anomalous mantle source. The Early Cambrian magmatism began at the same time on both sides of the Anti-Atlas Major Fault, the southwestern side (Kerdous region) and northeastern side (Ouarzazate-Agdz region), interbedded in the Early Cambrian Basal Series and spread later to the Western High Atlas of the Morocco northern WAC outboard areas. This magmatism changes from a continental tholeiitic series (HPT and LPT) at the beginning to an alkaline series at the top (Adoudou and Lie de vin' formations). Fractional crystallization and pelagic or crustal contamination were the most important processes in the magma differentiation. The geochemical inversion from calc-alkaline to tholeiitic magmatism between the Late Neoproterozoic and the Early Cambrian is documented, as is the major extension of the tholeiitic activity on both sides of the South Atlas Fault. This geochemical variation indicates a transition of the tectonic regime from compressive to extensional. The late local Jbel Boho alkaline magmatism indicates the sink of the source and the mitigation or closure of the extensional cycle at this time.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-03-28
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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