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  • 2005-2009  (171)
  • 2000-2004  (128)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: An array of five surface moorings carrying meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation was deployed for a period of two years beginning in June 1991 as part of an Office of Naval Research (ONR) funded Subduction experiment. Three eight month deployments were carried out. The five mooring locations were 18°N 34°W, 18°N 22°W, 25.5°N 29°W, 33°N 22°W and 33°N 34°W. Two Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and three Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) moorings collected oceanographic and meteorological data, using a 3-meter discus or 2-meter toroid buoy and multiple Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCMs), an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and Brancker temperature recorders (tpods). The surface buoys carried a Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (VAWR) and, on four of the five moorings, an Improved Meteorological Recorder (IMET) which measured wind speed and wind direction, sea surface temperature, air temperature, short wave radiation, barometric pressure and relative humidity. The IMET also measured precipitation. The VMCMs, ADCP and tpods, placed at depths 1 m to 3500 m, measured oceanic velocities and temperatures. This report presents meteorological and oceanographic data from the WHOI Upper Ocean Processes Group (UOP) and the SIO Instrument and Development Group (lDG) instruments and contains summaries of the instruments used, their depths, mooring positions, mooring deployment and recovery times, and data return. Appendices contain information on supplementary Subduction data sets.
    Description: Funding provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-90-J-1490.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Moored data ; Subduction ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC240 ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC250 ; Charles Darwin (Ship) Cruise CD73 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN138
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 4073362 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2691-2699 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sheared flows, thought to be generated by turbulence in magnetized fusion plasmas, are predicted to mediate the transport of mass, momentum, and heat across the shear flow region. In this paper we show that an examination of three-wave coupling processes using the bispectrum and bicoherence of turbulent fields provides an experimentally accessible test of the turbulence-generated shear flow hypothesis. Results from the Continuous Current Tokamak (CCT), Princeton Beta Experiment–Modified (PBX–M), and DIII–D tokamaks indicate that the relative strength of three-wave coupling increases during low-mode to high-mode (L–H) transitions and that this increase is localized to the region of strong flow and strong flow shear. These results appear to be qualitatively consistent with the turbulence-generated shear flow hypothesis. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir It is vital to try to conserve biological diversity, but to do this we must know where it is. New databases mapping African biodiversity now offer this information. Quantitative analyses of these data reveal geographical priorities for conservation broadly matching ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 413 (2001), S. 347-347 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Anonymous peer review is the fundamental process by which the scientific community evaluates grant proposals. One way in which the Internet has changed the review process is that granting agencies now allow, and some encourage, the construction of websites by authors to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Intermittent plasma objects (IPOs) featuring higher pressure than the surrounding plasma, and responsible for ∼50% of the E×BT radial transport, are observed in the scrape off layer (SOL) and edge of the DIII-D tokamak [J. Watkins et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 4728 (1992)]. Conditional averaging reveals that the IPOs, produced at a rate of ∼3×103 s−1, are positively charged and also polarized, featuring poloidal electric fields of up to 4000 V/m. The IPOs move poloidally at speeds of up to 5000 m/s and radially with E×BT/B2 velocities of ∼2600 m/s near the last closed flux surface (LCFS), and ∼330 m/s near the wall. The IPOs slow down as they shrink in radial size from 4 cm at the LCFS to 0.5 cm near the wall. The IPOs appear in the SOL of both L and H mode discharges and are responsible for nearly 50% of the SOL radial E×B transport at all radii; however, they are highly reduced in absolute amplitude in H-mode conditions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Detailed measurements in two dimensions by probes and Thomson scattering reveal unexpected local electric potential and electron pressure (pe) maxima near the divertor X point in L-mode plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)]. The potential drives E×B circulation about the X point, thereby exchanging plasma between closed and open magnetic surfaces at rates that can be comparable to the total cross-separatrix transport. The potential is consistent with the classical parallel Ohm's law. A simple model is proposed to explain the pressure and potential hills in low power, nearly detached plasmas. Recent two-dimensional edge transport modeling with plasma drifts also shows X-point pressure and potential hills but by a different mechanism. These experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that low power tokamak plasmas can be far from poloidal uniformity in a boundary layer just inside the separatrix. Additional data, although preliminary and incomplete, suggest that E×B circulation across the separatrix might be a common feature of low confinement behavior. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-confinement (H-mode) operation is the choice for next-step tokamak devices based either on conventional or advanced tokamak physics. This choice, however, comes at a significant cost for both the conventional and advanced tokamaks because of the effects of edge localized modes (ELMs). ELMs can produce significant erosion in the divertor and can affect the beta limit and reduced core transport regions needed for advanced tokamak operation. Experimental results from DIII-D [J. L. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159] this year have demonstrated a new operating regime, the quiescent H-mode regime, which solves these problems. We have achieved quiescent H-mode operation that is ELM-free and yet has good density and impurity control. In addition, we have demonstrated that an internal transport barrier can be produced and maintained inside the H-mode edge barrier for long periods of time (〉3.5 s or 〉25 energy confinement times τE), yielding a quiescent double barrier regime. By slowly ramping the input power, we have achieved βNH89=7 for up to 5 times the τE of 150 ms. The βNH89 values of 7 substantially exceed the value of 4 routinely achieved in the standard ELMing H mode. The key factors in creating the quiescent H-mode operation are neutral beam injection in the direction opposite to the plasma current (counter injection) plus cryopumping to reduce the density. Density and impurity control in the quiescent H mode is possible because of the presence of an edge magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) oscillation, the edge harmonic oscillation, which enhances the edge particle transport while leaving the energy transport unaffected. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method for the measurement of electron temperature with high spatial and temporal resolution was recently implemented on a fast reciprocating probe on the DIII-D tokamak. The technique, previously used on the Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research, is based on detection of harmonics generated in the current spectrum of a single Langmuir probe driven by high-frequency sinusoidal voltage. The method was implemented on DIII-D with a drive frequency of 400 kHz and with improvements such as fully digital processing and active voltage feedback, thus allowing temperature measurements with a bandwidth of up to 200 kHz. Probe voltage and current were recorded at the sampling rate of 5 MHz and the amplitudes of the first (400 kHz) and the second (800 kHz) current harmonics were extracted by digital filtering. Digital processing does not introduce any phase delays (as analog detection does), making the technique suitable for correlation measurements. Electron temperatures obtained from the harmonic diagnostic are in reasonable agreement with swept double probe and Thomson scattering data. First measurements of the conductive turbulent heat flux in DIII-D have been performed. The measured values of the heat flux are consistent with the power balance. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2683-2685 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Excited state radiative lifetime measurements are made on porous silicon as a function of excitation wavelength and excitation intensity. The results indicate that a simple quantum confinement model for the light absorption and emission mechanism is not suitable. We support our results by suggesting that a cascading energy transfer process among surface molecule-like states is most likely active and we provide a general indication of the density of energy transfer states. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Evidence from past studies suggests that loblolly pine may be tolerant of Al. The experiments described in this manuscript were initiated to examine Al tolerance and Al accumulation in the pine root and the degree of Al accumulation in fungal hyphae when pine roots were colonized with the ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus tinctorius. The experiments used lumogallion staining and confocal microscopy to localize Al in root and fungal structures. The results clearly showed that loblolly pine seedlings were highly resistant to Al. A decrease in primary root extension could not be detected until Al+3 activities approached 40 µmol L−1, and extension was suppressed only 30% at an Al+3 activity of 580 µmol L−1. This contrasted with the response of the Al-sensitive ‘check’ species soybean, where primary root extension was severely restricted at Al+3 activities lower than 5 µmol L−1. Tissue Al measurements and lumogallion fluorescence of longitudinal sections of the pine root tip indicated that tolerance was associated with both Al exclusion from the tip region and compartmentalization of absorbed Al in peripheral cell areas outside of the meristem. In lateral roots colonized with ectomycorrhizae, lumogallion fluorescence showed that large amounts of Al accumulated at the fungal mantle and in areas with the Hartig net. At higher magnification, lumogallion indicated substantial Al accumulation inside hyphae. Little Al could be detected in lateral root cells. The results show that pine possesses multiple mechanisms that can contribute to Al tolerance in acid field soils.
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