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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local current distribution in a ferromagnetic tunnel junction measured using conducting atomic force microscopy (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5206-5208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The local electrical properties were measured simultaneously with the topography for a Ta(50 Å)/Fe20Ni80(50 Å)/IrMn(150 Å)/Co(50 Å)/Al(13 Å)-oxide junction. The electrical image showed the contrast with around a few nm lateral size and a strong correlation with the topographical image was not observed. In the local current–voltage characteristics, data within the bias voltage of ±1.5 V were fitted well to Simmon's equation and we obtained the barrier height Φ=1.9 eV and the thickness d=12 Å. On the other hand, data with the bias voltages higher than 3 V were fitted well to Fowler–Nordheim equation. The histogram of current density was calculated by taking into consideration a Gaussian distribution of the barrier thickness and the height. The distribution of the barrier height can explain the experimental result realistically. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373296
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnon-assisted inelastic excitation spectra of a ferromagnetic tunnel junction (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5209-5211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Inelastic-electron-tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) has been applied to investigate the spin dependent tunneling process for a Ta(50 Å)/Fe20Ni80(60 Å)/IrMn(300 Å)/Co(60 Å)/Al(13 Å)-oxide/ Co(40 Å)/Fe20Ni80(200 Å) spin-valve-type tunnel junction. IET spectra for both parallel and antiparallel magnetization configurations of ferromagnetic electrodes showed a strong peak at 12 mV. The subtraction spectrum defined by the difference between the spectra of both the configurations was calculated. Spin-independent inelastic excitation processes are not affected by an external magnetic field, and thus, the subtraction spectrum indicates the inelastic modes induced only by the magnetic origin. It showed a strong peak at 12 and 20 mV for the positively and negatively biased direction of the bottom electrode, respectively. The tendency of the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio to decrease with bias voltage agreed with the shape of the subtraction spectrum. By assuming the surface magnon excitation, we obtained the distributions of the correlation length and the Curie temperature for both ferromagnetic electrode surfaces faced on the insulator. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373297
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution operation of frequency-multiplexed transition-edge photon sensors (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present the multiplexed readout of two gamma-ray microcalorimeters made from transition-edge sensors. We use a frequency-domain multiplexing scheme in which each sensor is biased at an identifying frequency. We show that the energy resolution of the sensors is unaffected by multiplexing, and that crosstalk between the sensors is negligible. Our results indicate the feasibility of multiplexing 30 sensors or more to one readout line. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1489486
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological studies on viral nervous necrosis of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus Thunberg, at the grow-out stage (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Viral nervous necrosis caused by sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV) has occurred in grow-out stages (0–3 years old) of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, since the 1980s. In the present study, based on histopathological features of the central nervous system (CNS) in naturally diseased fish, pernasal infection experiments using grow-out fish were performed and pernasal infection was established as a putative invasion route of SGNNV. The definite SGNNV-targeted cells were determined by histopathological studies including indirect fluorescent antibody test and electron microscopy. Nerve cells in the olfactory lobe were most extensively necrotized with vacuolation followed by infiltration of microglia and macrophages. Purkinje cells and Golgi cells were extensively infected in the cerebellum. Megalocells and small nerve cell nuclei were also infected in the preoptic area, thalamus, medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Only a few small nerve cells were infected in the olfactory bulb and optic tectum. The retina of some diseased fish displayed vacuolated bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. These SGNNV-infected nerve cells displayed viroplasmic inclusions containing virions, vacuoles and myelin-like structures. Based on observed histopathological changes, the lesion of the CNS was characterized by encephalitis but not encephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00559.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility of cultured juveniles of several marine fish to the sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Piscine nodaviruses (betanodaviruses) have been tentatively divided into four genotypes (SJNNV, RGNNV, TPNNV and BFNNV) and it is suggested that host specificity is different among these genotypes. In the present study, a betanodavirus [sevenband grouper nervous necrosis virus (SGNNV)] belonging to the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype, to which most betanodaviruses from warm water fish are identified, was evaluated for its pathogenicity to hatchery-reared juveniles of several marine fish species. When challenged with the virus by a bath method (105.1 TCID50 mL−1), sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus, Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, displayed behavioural abnormalities and mortalities with distinct histopathological signs of viral nervous necrosis and heavily immunostained cells were observed in the central nervous tissues and retina. Bath-challenged rock fish, Sebastiscus marmoratus, and a hybrid of sevenband grouper and kelp grouper, E. moara, did not display any behavioural abnormality or mortality during the experimental period, although many fish showed slight signs of viral infection in nerve cells. Kelp grouper and red sea bream, Pagrus major, showed no behavioural abnormality, mortality or immunohistopathological changes after the virus challenge. These results are, in part, consistent with the natural host range of RGNNV, indicating the complexity in the host specificity of betanodaviruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00440.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMMUNOGLOBULIN HAPLOTYPES OF TWO POPULATION GROUPS IN IRAN (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 4 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Genetic markers of IgG and IgA were investigated in two population groups from Iran. The Gm-Am haplotypes found were mainly those prevalent in Caucasians, with a low frequency of Asiatic haplotypes.Twenty samples had phenotypes that led to the assumption of rare haplotypes. The main ones were: Gm(z;n;b)a2m(1) and Gm(za;n;g)A2m(2). The first haplotype differs from the common haplotypes because G1m(z) is present instead of G1m(f), and the second because it has G2m(n) and A2m(2) in combination with G1m(za) and G3m(g).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1977.tb00922.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination method for residual 1,3-dichloro-and 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy) benzene (nip and cnp) in fish and shellfish (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1979), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01769916
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depolymerization of hyaluronate by the phototoxic drugs phenothiazines and sulfacetamide (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Hyaluronate ; Depolymerization ; Phenothiazines ; Sulfacetamide ; UV irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Phenothiazines (promazine, promethazine, chlorpromazine) and sulfacetamide, known as phototoxic drugs, depolymerize aqueous sodium hyaluronate (HA) on exposure to light. The reduction in the HA molecular weight was followed by size-exclusion chromatography with low-angle laser light scattering. In the low-concentration region of the drugs below 0.05 mM, the rate constants of depolymerization increased. The molecular weight of HA was practically unchanged without UV irradiation in the presence of drugs or with UV irradiation in the absence of drugs, indicating the phenothiazines and sulfacetamide require photoenergy to yield any kind of damaging chemical species for HA depolymerization. An involvement of active oxygen radicals in the effects of promazine and promethazine was evidenced by inhibition under anaerobic conditions. Further, addition of mannitol controlled the reaction in the presence of oxygen, pointing to hydroxyl radicals as the damaging agent. Chlorpromazine and sulfacetamide preferably depolymerized HA under anaerobic conditions, suggesting the participation of hydrated electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 1.8Cu-7.3Ni-15.9Cr-1.2Mo-low C, N martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 2245-2253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly designed martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, which is 1.8Cu-15.9Cr-7.3Ni-1.2Mo-low C, N steel, for improving the toughness, ductility and corrosion resistance of stainless steel of 1000 MPa grade tensile strength were experimentally investigated. The specimen aged at 753 K for 14.4 ks has a typical lath martensitic structure with about 12% interlath austenite, while the specimens aged at 813 K and 853 K for 14.4 ks have the lamellar duplex microstructure of the reverted austenite and the aging hardened martensite. The formation process of reverted austenite is controlled by diffusion of Ni in martensite. The mean size of precipitates which are enriched with Cu increases with rising aging temperature, however, it is about 30 nm even after aging at 853 K for 14.4 ks. The specimens aged at 813 K and 853 K for 14.4 ks, in which the reversion of martensite to austenite is observed, have the excellent combinations of strength, ductility and toughness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004778910345
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  • 10
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    Transition strengths in the neutron-rich Ni73,74,75 isotopes (2020)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-28
    Print ISSN: 2469-9985
    Electronic ISSN: 2469-9993
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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