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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 397-400 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A novel biomimetic composite consisted of nano β-tricalcium phosphate and collagen(n-TCP/Col.), having similar structure with the natural bone, was produced by a wet-chemicalmethod. The biological effect with and without n-TCP/Col on bone repair and regeneration wasevaluated by histological and radiological examination in a rabbit femoral condyle model. Theresults showed that radiopacity of implant decreased gradually and began to increase at 12 weeks,while no obvious changes for the control. Histological results revealed that trabecular bone formedaround the implant at 4 weeks and increased at 8 weeks; By 12 weeks, bone filling with Harvard’ssystem was observed around the implant. By contrast, only loose connective tissue was seen incontrol group. This was further illuminated by fluorescence microscopy. The results of this studysuggested that the novel nano β-tricalcium phosphate and collagen composite possessed goodproperties of osteoconductivity and degradation in the biological environment, which could havepotential application as a promising bone substitute
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 385-388 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Biomimetic nanoapatite coatings was developed by functionally modified methods with acombination of topographic, chemical and biomimetic treatments on the surface of titanium (Ti)substrate. The biological behavior and bioactivity of functionally modified SLA implants withchemical and biomimetic treatments (SCB-treated Ti) using body like solution were investigated tocompare with untreated Ti and SLA Ti plates as controls. The cell attachment, proliferation,alkaline phosphotatse (AKP) activity, cell morphology and differentiation were evaluated by usingMTT, RT-PCR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser-scanning microscope(CLSM) analysis system. The results showed that the cell adhesion and proliferation was enhancedon functionalized titanium surface with nano-scale apatite compared to the controls. SEMmicrographs also revealed that the osteoblast-like cells spreadly grew along the surface. Cellmorphology and differentiation could be further observed distinctly by CLSM graphs. Moreover,mRNA expression of alkaline phosphotatse in nucleus on the SCB-treated Ti increased obviouslyon the third day compared with the controls. The in vitro results demonstrated the remarkableimprovement on cell adhesion and proliferation of the biomimetic nanoapatite on SCB-treated Ti,which could be used for orthopaedic/dental implants
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 707-710 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were introduced onto Poly L-lactic Acid (PLLA) polymerin a controlled manner by immobilized urease method with a shortened precipitation time.Osteoblastic-like cellular responses to the composite were examined in terms of cell proliferation,differentiation and cell morphology, as well as the expression of bone-associated genes. The cellsexhibited higher cellular proliferation at 2 and 4 days on the HA/PLLA composite compared toPLLA scaffold, while no significant difference was observed later at 6 days. The alkalinephosphatase (ALP) activity by cells at 7 days was statistically higher on HA/PLLA scaffold than onPLLA. Moreover, the gene expression of ALP and osteocalcin (OC) was up regulated on HA/PLLAcomposite by RT-PCR analysis. The preliminary study suggested that the use of the controlledmodification of hydroxyapatite coating on PLLA scaffold to produce HA/PLLA composite mightenhance cellular activity, indicating the potential use for bone substitute in tissue engineering
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 553-556 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Although compositional gradients could be manufactured for the functionally gradedcoating that was showed to improve bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, thebiological efficacy of the graded coatings remained unclear. In this study, a functionally gradednanophase hydroxyapatite/bioglass (n-HA/bioglass) coating was prepared on a titanium (Ti)substrate for evaluating peri-implant osteogenesis in a canine model. The bone apposition andosteointegration of n-HA/bioglass coating were investigated at the interface compared with plasmaspraying HA (PS-HA) coating. The results showed that the coating degraded gradually over time butnot as fast as PS-HA coating did, and that more active bone apposition appeared on the n-HA/bioglasscoating. The in vivo study indicated that an early osteogenesis and osteointegration at the interfacecould be stimulated by the use of n-HA/bioglass coating in biological environment
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 1153-1156 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Bone grafts have been used to fill bone defects caused by disease or trauma. The amount ofautografts is limited and allogenic bone grafts may transmit diseases and cause immune responses.Numerous materials have been proposed and used as scaffolds for bone tissue reconstruction. In thisstudy, we tested nanophase PLGA/HA composite with mesenchymal stem cells in vitro to examineits biological response and cellular activity. The nanophase composite was compared toconventional polystyrene on cytocompatibility by cell attachment, proliferation, alkalinephosphotase activity test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The resultsdemonstrated that human mesenchymal cells showed more cell attachment and higher cellproliferation rate when growing on nanophase PLGA/HA composite than those growing onpolystyrene alone. And the composite also promoted MSC cells differentiate to osteoblast cells ascompared with control. It was suggested that the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal cellswith artificial materials or differentiation factors may enhance bone formation and regeneration,nanophase PLGA/HA composite might therefore be a promising scaffold material for bone tissuesubstitute in clinical application
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 330-332 (Feb. 2007), p. 1197-1200 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To evaluate the effectiveness of the cell-material in situ on joint resurfacing, a wovenfabric polyglycolic acid (PGA) treated with fresh chondrocytes was used for repairing cartilagedefects. Full-thickness defects were created in the weight-bearing surfaces of the femoralintercondylar fossa in a rabbit model. The defect was filled with and without PGA under surgicalcondition. Before implantation, chondrocytes were co-cultured with PGA for one day. The animalswere sacrificed at eight weeks after implantation and evaluated grossly and histological score.Morphological examination showed that for PGA/chondrocytes group, the repaired tissue appearedsimilar in color and texture to the surrounding articular surface. While for the untreated control, nocartilage-like tissue was observed at all defects, but connective fibrous tissue. Histological analysisrevealed neochondrogenesis and clusters of cartilage matrix with specific safranin-O staining for thePGA/cell group. The Gross and histological evaluation indicated a significantly higher score forPGA/cell group than for PGA and control group. These results suggest that the woven fabric PGAmay facilitate the formation of cartilage tissues by providing a biodegradable and good-handlevehicle for the delivery to and retention of organized cell matrix constructs in vivo site. It mighttherefore enhance neochondrogenesis because of the superior biodegradable and biocompatible ofPGA scaffold sheet, while the more suitable biological environment might sustain cell growth andin situ cell function, suggesting a promising candidate for functional tissue engineering of clinicalenvironment
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 309-311 (May 2006), p. 581-584 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A novel porous beta-tricalcium phosphate /collagen fibers (β-TCP/CF) composite, having a well-dispersed nano-sized β-TCP in collagen matrix, was developed by a wet-chemical method. The nano-composite was compared to conventional β-TCP on cytocompatibility by cell attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphotatse (AKP) activity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. These in vitro assays showed that the β-TCP/CF composite elicited cell adhesion andproliferation better then controls. Moreover experiments on osteoblast-like cells showed improved cell growth with the highly characterized nanophase structure. SEM micrographs also showed that the nano-sized composite exhibited much more viable cells in attachment on the surface compared with the controls. At 1, 3 and 5 days, AKP activity was not significant different for the tested andcontrol samples, while at 7 day after culture, significantly increased AKP activity was observed for β-TCP/CF than for the control. The in vitro results obtained confirmed the remarkable improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation of the nano-sized β-TCP/CF composite, which may be a new promising candidate for tissue engineered bone substitute
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 309-311 (May 2006), p. 735-738 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 309-311 (May 2006), p. 953-956 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A novel composite of biodegradable Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with the deposition of the nanosized amorphous calcium phosphate (NCP) particles was developed as tissue engineering scaffold. To improve the minor intrinsic healing capacity of cartilage tissue, the porous composite with desired degradation rate was incorporated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) andevaluated in the in vivo environment. Full-thickness defects were created in the weight-bearing surface of the femoral condyles in a rabbit model. The defect was filled with and without NCP/PLLA scaffold as a carrier of bFGF. Gross morphology for the test implant showed that the defect was filled with regenerated tissue. It resembled cartilaginous tissue and restored the contour of the condyle at 8 weeks after operation. For the untreated control, no cartilage-like tissue wasobserved at all defects. Histological analysis revealed neochondrogenesis and clusters of cartilaginous extracellular matrix observed with safranin-O staining at 4 weeks for the NCP/PLLA with bFGF treated defects. At 8 weeks after operation, well-formed and mature cartilage was resurfaced the defects. While only fibrous tissue replacement was observed for the control either at4 or 8 weeks. Special staining for cartilage indicated the presence of highly sulfatedglycosaminoglycans and collagen, which were the major extracellular matrices of cartilage. This investigation showed the potential of NCP/PLLA loaded with bFGF in the study of in situ-transplantable carrier to improve healing of cartilage tissue lesion
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 284-286 (Apr. 2005), p. 941-944 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stimulation of bone healing through local application of growth factors from implantsmay improve the clinical outcome in fracture treatments. However, the growth factors in reconstructive application require supraphysiologic dosing and considerable expense while hampering their clinical application. Genetic modification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to both produce and respond to osteogenic factors may have potential for use in enhancing bone healing. In this study, MSCs were genetically modified by a recombinant adenoviral containing the gene for human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP-2). The gene-transduced cells wereincorporated with a porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as a novel complex. We investigated osteogeneic potential of gene-transduced MSCs/ceramic and the ability of the complex on facilitating bone formation in a radius segmental defect of rabbits. In vitro results showed that there were apparent hBMP2 gene expression and protein synthesis in MSCs with hBMP2 stably transfection, whereas negative expression of hBMP2 in controls. Histological studies demonstrated that gene-transfected MSCs/ceramic composite appeared an ability of heterotopic osteogenesis. In the segmental bone defects, endochondrial ossification at fracture sites was found in both transfected and untransfected MSCs-ceramic composites. While the composite with hBMP2 transfection showed the earliest and the most effective healing of the segmental bone defects both radiographically and morphologically. Our results show that genetically modified MSCs/ceramicshad enhanced osteogeneic capacity relative to unmodified MSCs or only ceramic implants. This study suggests that use of cell-and gene-activated bioceramics may offer promise for molecular design of implants to induce osteogenesis and enhance bone regeneration
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