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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 29-32 
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To evaluate the efficiency of modifying flax fibre using copper ammonia solution for improved dyeability and to optimise the conditions of such a modification. Design/methodology/approach - Treatments of flax fibre using copper ammonia solution were carried out under various conditions, i.e. the compositions of the solution and the length of time for treatment. The dyeability, the dyeing colour depth, the tensile strength and the structure of the untreated and treated flax fibres were characterised. Findings - The modification of flax fabric using copper ammonia solution could improve the dyeability and the dyeing colour depth of the flax fabric. The treatment appeared to reduce the crystallinity and the orientation index of the flax fibre, which was the main cause to the improved dyeability and dyeing colour depth of the flax fabric. The optimum conditions for the treatment were as follows: concentration of Cu2+ at 20?g/L, Cu2+/NH3 ratio at 12?:?1 and time of treatment at 6?min. Research limitations/implications - Whilst effective in improving the dyeability of the flax fibre, the treatment led to a reduction in the tensile strength of the treated flax fabric. Practical implications - The method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improve the dyeability of flax fibre. Originality/value - The method for treatment of flax fibre was novel and could be used for industrial production process.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 190-196 
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To develop a method based on urea/microwave treatment for improving the dyeability of the flax fibre. Design/methodology/approach - The treatment was carried out under a variety of conditions in terms of the power of the microwave, the time of microwave treatment and the use of urea in the treatment solution. The physical chemical properties of the treated flax fibres were characterised using a variety of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry, spectrophotometric measurement and tensile measurement. Findings - It was found that the treated flax fibres had significantly improved dyeability. The causes to the improvement of the dyeability of the flax fibre were found to be the increased absorption of dye on the fibre and the increased reaction probability between the dye and the fibre. The procedure for optimum modification appeared to be soaking the flax fabrics in 10 per cent urea solution; treating the fabrics with microwave at 350?W for 2.5?minutes; and treating the fabrics with microwave at 700?W for one minute. Practical implications - The treatment method developed addressed a problem of great concern in textile coloration, i.e. poor dyeability of flax fibre. The method developed provided a practical and effective solution to such a problem. Originality/value - The method of treatment of flax fibre, involving soaking in urea and baking in microwave, for the improvement of dyeability was novel. The method could be adapted for use in industrial scale flax dyeing with satisfactory levels of exhaustion and fixation.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present paper, the scientific basis, technique approaches, the present status and the development trends of surface modification for blood contacting materials are discussed briefly. The work in authors’ Lab. is also presented
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 323-326 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) thin films were deposited on silicon wafers and Ti6Al4V substrate using plasma ion immersion implantation and deposition (PIII-D) at room temperature (R.T.). The composition and structure of a-C:H films were employed by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and Raman spectra. Nano-indenter tests measured the hardness of the films. In addition, wettability and bloodcompatibility were investigated. In this paper, the effects of hydrogen content on structure, mechanical properties, surface wettability andhaemocompatibility were discussed
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 339-342 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, polyethylene glycol (PEG) of various different molecular weights was grafted onto PET films using plasma surface grafting modification. The surface structure of PEG-grafted PET films was analyzed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), suggesting that the surface structure and composition of PET films changes due to the presence of PEG. Blood compatibility was characterized by in vitro platelet adhesion experiments and coagulation factors. The tests of platelet adhesion and coagulation factors in vitro suggest that PEG grafted onto polymer surfaces can improve the blood compatibility of PET films remarkably. The modified PET films were pre-coated with albumin and fibrinogen respectively; platelet adhesion tests in vitro then indicated that samples pre-coated with albumin have better blood compatibility than with fibrinogen, resulting in the conclusion that the albumin can improve blood compatibility. The contact angle of PEG-grafted films was measured by the sessile drop method and the surface free energy andinterface free energy were induced. It is indicated that the PEG-grafted PET films have the characteristic of preferentially adsorbing albumin
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 327-330 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We report a study involving chitosan chains immobilized on poly (ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) films by plasma and ultraviolet (UV) grafting modification. The surface structure of the modified PET is determined by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infraed spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the chains of chitosan are successfully grafted on the surface of PET. Platelet adhesion evaluation in vitro is conducted to examine the blood compatibility in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy reveal that the amounts ofadhered, aggregated and morphologically changed platelets are reduced on thechitosan-immobilized PET films. The number of platelet adhered on the modified film isreduced by almost 48% compared to the amount of platelets on the untreated film. Our result thus shows that chitosan immobilized on the PET surface improves blood compatibility
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 304-305 (Feb. 2006), p. 364-368 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: One of the most applications of HIPSN(Hot-Isocratic Pressed Silicon Nitride) ceramic ball bearings is applied to the high-speed spindle of numerical control machine tools and high-speed precise mechanics. However, it is very difficult to process the HIPSN ceramic ball bearing. In this paper, a new grinding process method, taper rubbing method, is applied to process the HIPSN ceramic ball. Mechanical analysis of taper rubbing method is given, and the influence of grindingparameters on the ceramic material excision rate, surface quality of ceramic ball and wear and tear ratio of diamond wheel is studied by taper rubbing method. The experimental results show that the HISPN ceramic balls of G3 and G5 are obtained with taper rubbing method by properly controlling the motion of HIPSN ceramic balls and selecting reasonable processing technological parameters
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 331-334 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Biomedical PET films were modified by the approach of chitosan-surface-grafting.Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that chitosan molecules were successfully grafted on the PET surface. The bacterial adhesion on the modified surface was evaluated by bacteria plate counting in vitro and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results testified that chitosan did make the surface of PET become more antibacterial. The free energy of adhesion (∆Fadh) between the bacteria and the chitosan-immobilized surface of PET was calculated. The value of the ∆Fadh was positive, which suggests that the process of bacterial adhesion on the modified PET surface was not thermodynamically favorable, namely, not spontaneous
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 288-289 (June 2005), p. 421-424 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) films were exposed under argon plasma glowdischarge and induced polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in order to introduce carboxylic acid group onto PET (PET-AA) assisting by ultroviolet radiation. Hirudin-immobilized PETs were prepared by the grafting of PET-AA, followed by chemical reaction with hirudin. The surface structure of the treated PET is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wettability and surface free energy, interface free energy of the films is investigated by contact angle measurement. Platelet adhesion evaluatiion is conducted to examine the blood compatibility in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy reveal that the amounts of adhered, aggregated and morphologically changed platelets are reduced on hirudin-immobilized PET films
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