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  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1
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    Concept, Simulation, and Instrumentation for Radiometric Inflight Icing Detection (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The multi-agency Flight in Icing Remote Sensing Team (FIRST), a consortium of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), has developed technologies for remotely detecting hazardous inflight icing conditions. The USACE Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) assessed the potential of onboard passive microwave radiometers for remotely detecting icing conditions ahead of aircraft. The dual wavelength system differences the brightness temperature of Space and clouds, with greater differences potentially indicating closer and higher magnitude cloud liquid water content (LWC). The Air Force RADiative TRANsfer model (RADTRAN) was enhanced to assess the flight track sensing concept, and a 'flying' RADTRAN was developed to simulate a radiometer system flying through simulated clouds. Neural network techniques were developed to invert brightness temperatures and obtain integrated cloud liquid water. In addition, a dual wavelength Direct-Detection Polarimeter Radiometer (DDPR) system was built for detecting hazardous drizzle drops. This paper reviews technology development to date and addresses initial polarimeter performance.
    Schlagwort(e): Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2009-215519 , E-16692
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    NASA Icing Remote Sensing System Comparisons From AIRS II (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: NASA has an on-going activity to develop remote sensing technologies for the detection and measurement of icing conditions aloft. A multiple instrument approach is the current emphasis of this activity. Utilizing radar, radiometry, and lidar, a region of supercooled liquid is identified. If the liquid water content (LWC) is sufficiently high, then the region of supercooled liquid cloud is flagged as being an aviation hazard. The instruments utilized for the current effort are an X-band vertical staring radar, a radiometer that measures twelve frequencies between 22 and 59 GHz, and a lidar ceilometer. The radar data determine cloud boundaries, the radiometer determines the sub-freezing temperature heights and total liquid water content, and the ceilometer refines the lower cloud boundary. Data is post-processed with a LabVIEW program with a resultant supercooled LWC profile and aircraft hazard identification. Individual remotely sensed measurements gathered during the 2003-2004 Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS II) were compared to aircraft in-situ measurements. Comparisons between the remote sensing system s fused icing product and in-situ measurements from the research aircraft are reviewed here. While there are areas where improvement can be made, the cases examined indicate that the fused sensor remote sensing technique appears to be a valid approach.
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: NASA/TM?2005-213592 , AIAA Paper 2005?0253 , E?15060 , 43rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit; Jan 10, 2005 - Jan 13, 2005; Reno, NV; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The NASA Icing Remote Sensing System (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: NASA and the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) have an on-going activity to develop remote sensing technologies for the detection and measurement of icing conditions aloft. A multiple instrument approach is the current emphasis of this activity. Utilizing radar, radiometry, and lidar, a region of supercooled liquid is identified. If the liquid water content (LWC) is sufficiently high, then the region of supercooled liquid cloud is flagged as being an aviation hazard. The instruments utilized for the current effort are an X-band vertical staring radar, a radiometer that measures twelve frequencies between 22 and 59 GHz, and a lidar ceilometer. The radar data determine cloud boundaries, the radiometer determines the sub-freezing temperature heights and total liquid water content, and the ceilometer refines the lower cloud boundary. Data are post-processed with a LabVIEW program with a resultant supercooled LWC profile and aircraft hazard identification. Remotely sensed measurements gathered during the 2003-2004 Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS II) were compared to aircraft in-situ measurements. Although the comparison data set is quite small, the cases examined indicate that the remote sensing technique appears to be an acceptable approach.
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: NASA/TM?2005-213591 , Paper -80776 , E?15059 , 11th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology; Oct 04, 2004 - Oct 08, 2004; Hyannis, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Use of the X-Band Radar to Support the Detection of In-Flight Icing Hazards by the NASA Icing Remote Sensing System (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The Alliance Icing Research Study-II (AIRS-II) field program was conducted near Montreal, Canada during the winter of 2003. The NASA Icing Remote Detection System (NIRSS) was deployed to detect in-flight icing hazards and consisted of a vertically pointing multichannel radiometer, a ceilometer and an x-band cloud radar. The radiometer was used to derive atmospheric temperature soundings and integrated liquid water, while the ceilometer and radar were used only to define cloud boundaries. The purpose of this study is to show that the radar reflectivity profiles from AIRS-II case studies could be used to provide a qualitative icing hazard.
    Schlagwort(e): Meteorology and Climatology
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2009-215503 , E-16691
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Progress in the Development of Practical Remote Detection of Icing Conditions (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: The NASA Icing Remote Sensing System (NIRSS) has been under definition and development at NASA Glenn Research Center since 1997. The goal of this development activity is to produce and demonstrate the required sensing and data processing technologies required to accurately remotely detect and measure icing conditions aloft. As part of that effort NASA has teamed with NCAR to develop software to fuse data from multiple instruments into a single detected icing condition product. The multiple instrument approach utilizes a X-band vertical staring radar, a multifrequency microwave, and a lidar ceilometer. The radar data determine cloud boundaries, the radiometer determines the sub-freezing temperature heights and total liquid water content, and the ceilometer refines the lower cloud boundary. Data is post-processed with a LabVIEW program with a resultant supercooled liquid water profile and aircraft hazard depiction. Ground-based, remotely-sensed measurements and in-situ measurements from research aircraft were gathered during the international 2003-2004 Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS II). Comparisons between the remote sensing system s fused icing product and the aircraft measurements are reviewed here. While there are areas where improvement can be made, the cases examined suggest that the fused sensor remote sensing technique appears to be a valid approach.
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2006-214242 , E-15488
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Progress Towards the Remote Sensing of Aircraft Icing Hazards (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: NASA has teamed with the FAA, DoD, industry, and academia for research into the remote detection and measurement of atmospheric conditions leading to aircraft icing hazards. The ultimate goal of this effort is to provide pilots, controllers, and dispatchers sufficient information to allow aircraft to avoid or minimize their exposure to the hazards of in-flight icing. Since the hazard of in-flight icing is the outcome of aircraft flight through clouds containing supercooled liquid water and strongly influenced by the aircraft s speed and configuration and by the length of exposure, the hazard cannot be directly detected, but must be inferred based upon the measurement of conducive atmospheric conditions. Therefore, icing hazard detection is accomplished through the detection and measurement of liquid water in regions of measured sub-freezing air temperatures. The icing environment is currently remotely measured from the ground with a system fusing radar, lidar, and multifrequency microwave radiometer sensors. Based upon expected ice accretion severity for the measured environment, a resultant aircraft hazard is then calculated. Because of the power, size, weight, and view angle constraints of airborne platforms, the current ground-based solution is not applicable for flight. Two current airborne concepts are based upon the use of either multifrequency radiometers or multifrequency radar. Both ground-based and airborne solutions are required for the future since groundbased systems can provide hazard detection for all aircraft in airport terminal regions while airborne systems will be needed to provide equipped aircraft with flight path coverage between terminal regions.
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2009-215828 , E-17090 , Optics and Photonics; Aug 10, 2008 - Aug 14, 2008; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Comparison of Balloonsonde and Remote Sensing Atmospheric Measurements (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: As part of its aircraft icing research program, the NASA Glenn Research Center is conducting a program to develop technologies for the remote sensing of atmospheric conditions. A suite of instruments, currently ground-based, are used to identify a region of supercooled liquid water which is labeled as hazardous if its liquid water content is sufficiently high. During the recently completed Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS II), these instruments were deployed in conjunction with those of other U.S. and Canadian researchers at the Mirabel Airport near Montreal. As part of the study, balloonsondes were employed to provide in-situ measurement of the atmospheric conditions that were being concurrently remotely sensed. Balloonsonde launches occurred daily at 1200 GMT to provide AIRS forecasters with local data and additionally when research aircraft were present in the airspace. In this paper, we compare the processed data from the NASA remote sensing instruments, which included an X-band radar, lidar and two radiometers, to the data gathered from the 70 soundings conducted while the NASA instruments were active. Among the parameters compared are cloud upper and lower boundaries, temperature and humidity profiles and freezing levels.
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2006-214118 , E-15453 , 11th Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology; Oct 04, 2004 - Oct 08, 2004; Hyannis, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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