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  • 2005-2009  (320)
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  • 1
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical organic ; Environmental protection ; Materials ; Surfaces (Physics) ; Water pollution
    ISBN: 9781402068058
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0045-7825
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2138
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 591-593 (Aug. 2008), p. 442-447 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Several researches have been developed in order to verify the porosity effect over the ceramicmaterial properties. The starch consolidation casting (SCC) allows to obtain porous ceramics by usingstarch as a binder and pore forming element. This work is intended to describe the porous mathematicalbehavior and the mechanical resistance at different commercial starch concentration. Ceramic sampleswere made with alumina and potato and corn starches. The slips were prepared with 10 to 50 wt% ofstarch. The specimens were characterized by apparent density measurements and three-point flexural testassociated to Weibull statistics. Results indicated that the porosity showed a first-order exponentialequation e-x/c increasing in both kinds of starches, so it was confirmed that the alumina ceramic porosityis related to the kind of starch used
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 514-516 (May 2006), p. 1711-1715 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fly ash from Tapada do Outeiro, a coal power plant in the north of Portugal, has beenprocessed by a powder technology route in order to obtain durable and mechanical resistantceramics. Dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3) was added in different proportions to the waste material,from zero up to 10 wt%, and the effect of this addition on the densification behaviour of the firedsamples was investigated by measuring the apparent density, the open porosity and the linearshrinkage. The powder mixtures were uniaxially dry pressed in a steel die and fired at temperaturesranging from 950 to 1150ºC. XRD and SEM were used to identify the phases present in the sinteredmaterials and the degree of densification. The results revealed that added dolomite was responsiblefor the appearance of anorthite, an extra phase besides mullite and quartz, for an increase in theamount of liquid phase and for the swelling of closed pores at the highest firing temperatures.Significant morphological changes and phase transformations occurred during sintering and theireffects on the physical-mechanical and leaching characteristics of the sintered materials wereanalyzed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This work reports on the synthesis of CrO2 thin films by atmospheric pressure CVD using chromium trioxide (CrO3) and oxygen. Highly oriented (100) CrO2 films containing highly oriented (0001) Cr2O3 were grown onto Al2O3(0001) substrates. Films display a sharp magnetic transition at 375 K and a saturation magnetization of 1.92 µB/f.u., close to the bulk value of 2 µB/f.u. for the CrO2
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 530-531 (Nov. 2006), p. 328-333 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The objective of the present work is to study the manufacturing process of steelswith high carbon content (1.5–2.1wt%) obtained by powder metallurgy. The referencematerial was the Damascus steel, which was employed to manufacture swords named after itand has been widely known due to its very good mechanical properties. The main reasons ofthe success of this product are: the high carbon content of the initial steel and thethermomechanical treatment (forge and quenching) that ancient iron forgers kept secretlyduring centuries. Different carbon contents (2 to3 wt%) were added to the same Fe powdermatrix (ASC 300), and compacted and sintered steels are heat laminated (750ºC) with areduction of 20%. For 2% carbon content, the result is a steel with yield strength of 450 MPa,Young’s Modulus of 14.3 GPa and hardness of 109 HV(30)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 252 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Type III secretion (T3S) is an export pathway used by Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to inject bacterial proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic host cells. This pathway is characterized by (i) a secretion nanomachine related to the bacterial flagellum, but usually topped by a stiff needle-like structure; (ii) the assembly in the eukaryotic cell membrane of a translocation pore formed by T3S substrates; (iii) a non-cleavable N-terminal secretion signal; (iv) T3S chaperones, assisting the secretion of some substrates; (v) a control mechanism ensuring protein delivery at the right place and time. Here, we review these different aspects focusing in open questions that promise exciting findings in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The length of the needle ending the Yersinia Ysc injectisome is determined by YscP, a protein acting as a molecular ruler. In addition, YscP is required for Yop secretion. In the present paper, by a systematic deletion analysis, we localized accurately the region required for Yop secretion between residues 405 and 500. As this C-terminal region of YscP has also been shown to control needle length it probably represents the substrate specificity switch of the machinery. By a bioinformatics analysis, we show that this region has a globular structure, an original α/β fold, a P-x-L-G signature and presumably no catalytic activity. In spite of very limited sequence similarities, this structure is conserved among the proteins that are presumed to control the needle length in many different injectisomes and also among members of the FliK family, which control the flagellar hook length. This region thus represents a new protein domain that we called T3S4 for Type III secretion substrate specificity switch. The T3S4 domain of YscP can be replaced by the T3S4 domain of AscP (Aeromonas salmonicida) or PscP (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) but not by the one from FliK, indicating that in spite of a common global structure, these domains need to fit their partner proteins in the secretion apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A specific PCR system based on the gene encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit, rpoB, was developed for amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting of Paenibacillus communities in environmental samples. This gene has been previously proven to be a powerful identification tool for the discrimination of species within the genus Paenibacillus and could avoid the limitations of 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis. Initially, the PCR system based on universal rpoB primers were used to amplify DNAs of different Paenibacillus species. A new reverse primer (rpoBPAEN) was further designed based on an insertion of six nucleotides in the Paenibacillus sequences analyzed. This semi-nested PCR system was evaluated for specificity using DNAs isolated from 27 Paenibacillus species belonging to different 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic groups and seven non-Paenibacillus species. The non-Paenibacillus species were not amplified using this PCR approach and one group of Paenibacillus species consisting of strains without the six-base insert also were not amplified; these latter strains were found to be distinct based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny. In addition, a clone library was generated from the rpoB fragments amplified from two Brazilian soil types (Cerrado and Forest) and all 62 clones sequenced were closely related to one of the 22 sequences from Paenibacillus previously obtained in this study. To assess the diversity of Paenibacillus species in Cerrado and Forest soils and in the rhizosphere of different cultivars of maize, a PCR-DGGE system was used. The Paenibacillus DGGE fingerprints showed a clear distinction between communities of Paenibacillus in Forest and Cerrado soils and rhizosphere samples clustered along Cerrado soil. Profiles of cultivars CMS22 and CMS36 clustered together, with only 53% of similarity to CMS11 and CMS04. The results presented here demonstrate the potential use of the rpoB-based Paenibacillus-specific PCR-DGGE method for studying the diversity of Paenibacillus populations in natural environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in the fractions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in two laboratory-scale reactors were investigated using 16S rRNA probe hybridizations. The reactors were operated in intermittent aeration mode and different aeration cycles to treat anaerobically digested swine wastewater with ammonia concentrations up to 175 mg NH3-N/L. High ammonia removals (〉98.8%) were achieved even with increased nitrogen loads and lower aeration: non-aeration time ratios of 1 h:3 h. Nitrosomonas/Nitrosococcus mobilis were the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the reactors. Nitrospira-like organisms were the dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria during most of the investigation, but were occasionally outcompeted by Nitrobacter. High levels of nitrifiers were measured in the biomass of both reactors, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacterial levels adjusted to changing aeration: non-aeration time ratios. Theoretical ammonia-oxidizer fractions, determined by a mathematical model, were comparable to the measured values, although the measured biomass fractions were different at each stage while the theoretical values remained approximately constant. Stable ammonia removals and no nitrite accumulation were observed even when rRNA levels of ammonia oxidizers and nitrite-oxidizers reached a minimum of 7.2% and 8.6% of total rRNA, respectively. Stable nitrogen removal performance at an aeration: non-aeration ratio of 1 h:3 h suggests the possibility of significant savings in operational costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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