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  • 2005-2009  (360)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gulf Stream density structure and transport during the past millennium (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Gulf Stream transports approximately 31 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) of water and 1.3 × 1015 W of heat into the North Atlantic ocean. The possibility of abrupt ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05277
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  • 2
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    Meridional overturning circulation in the South Atlantic at the last glacial maximum (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 7 (2006): Q10N03, doi:10.1029/2005GC001226.
    Description: The geostrophic shear associated with the meridional overturning circulation is reflected in the difference in density between the eastern and western margins of the ocean basin. Here we examine how the density difference across 30°S in the upper 2 km of the Atlantic Ocean (and thus the magnitude of the shear associated with the overturning circulation) has changed between the last glacial maximum and the present. We use oxygen isotope measurements on benthic foraminifera to reconstruct density. Today, the density in upper and intermediate waters along the eastern margin in the South Atlantic is greater than along the western margin, reflecting the vertical shear associated with the northward flow of surface and intermediate waters and the southward flowing North Atlantic Deep Waters below. The greater density along the eastern margin is reflected in the higher δ 18O values for surface sediment benthic foraminifera than those found on the western margin for the upper 2 km. For the last glacial maximum the available data indicate that the eastern margin foraminifera had similar δ 18O to those on the western margin between 1 and 2 km and that the gradient was reversed relative to today with the higher δ 18O values in the western margin benthic foraminifera above 1 km. If this reversal in benthic foraminifera δ 18O gradient reflects a reversal in seawater density gradient, these data are not consistent with a vigorous but shallower overturning cell in which surface waters entering the Atlantic basin are balanced by the southward export of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF award OCE-9984989/OCE-0428803 to J.L.-S., NSF award OCE-9986748 to D.W.O. and W.B.C., NSF OCE-0222111 to C.D.C., and SEGRF fellowship at LLNL to J.M.
    Keywords: Last Glacial Maximum ; South Atlantic ; Meridional overturning circulation ; Oxygen isotopes ; Benthic foraminifera
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 3
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    Florida Current surface temperature and salinity variability during the last millennium (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography, 21 (2006): PA2009, doi:10.1029/2005PA001218.
    Description: The salinity and temperature of the Florida Current are key parameters affecting the transport of heat into the North Atlantic, yet little is known about their variability on centennial time scales. Here we report replicated, high-resolution foraminiferal records of Florida Current surface hydrography for the last millennium from two coring sites, Dry Tortugas and the Great Bahama Bank. The oxygen isotopic composition of Florida Current surface water (δ18Ow) near Dry Tortugas increased 0.4‰ during the course of the Little Ice Age (LIA: ~1200-1850 A. D.), equivalent to a salinity increase of 0.8-1.5 psu. On the Great Bahama Bank, where surface waters are influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, δ18Ow increased by 0.3‰ during the last 200 years. Although a portion (~0.1‰) of this shift may be an artifact of anthropogenically-driven changes in surface water ΣCO2, the remaining δ18Ow signal implies a 0.4 to 1 psu increase in salinity after 200 yr BP. The simplest explanation of the δ18Ow data is southward migration of the Atlantic Hadley circulation during the LIA. Scaling of the δ18Ow records to salinity using the modern low-latitude δ18Ow-S slope produces an unrealistic reversal in the salinity gradient between the two sites. Only if δ18Ow is scaled to salinity using a high-latitude δ18Ow-S slope can the records be reconciled. Changes in atmospheric 14C paralleled shifts in Dry Tortugas δ18Ow, suggesting that variable solar irradiance paced centennialscale ITCZ migration and changes in Florida Current salinity during the last millennium.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-0096469.
    Keywords: Gulf Stream ; Salinity ; Little Ice Age
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
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    Links between annual, Milankovitch and continuum temperature variability (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Nature Publishing Group, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 441 (2006): 329-332, doi:10.1038/nature04745.
    Description: Climatic processes are intimately coupled so that understanding variability at any one time-scale requires some understanding of the whole. Spectra of Earth’s surface temperature exemplify this interdependence, having a continuum of variability following a power-law scaling1–7. But while specific modes of interannual variability are relatively well understood8, 9, the general controls on continuum variability are uncertain and usually described as purely stochastic processes10–13. Here we show that power-laws scale with the size of annual (1 yr) and Milankovitch period (23,000 and 41,000 yr) cycles. The annual cycle corresponds to scaling at monthly to decadal periods, while millennial and longer periods are tied to the Milankovitch cycles. Thus the annual, Milankovitch, and continuum of temperature variability together represent the response to deterministic insolation forcing. The identification of a deterministic control on the continuum provides insight into the mechanisms governing interannual and longer period climate variability.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 5
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    Terrigenous plant wax inputs to the Arabian Sea : implications for the reconstruction of winds associated with the Indian Monsoon (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Authors, 2005. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B. V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69 (2005): 2547-2558, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2005.01.001.
    Description: We have determined the accumulation rates and carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C) of long-chain (C24–C32) terrigenous plant wax fatty acids in 19 surface sediment samples geographically distributed throughout the Arabian Sea in order to assess the relationship between plant wax inputs and the surrounding monsoon wind systems. Both the accumulation rate data and the δ13C data show that there are three primary eolian sources of plant waxes to the Arabian Sea: Africa, Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula. These sources correspond to the three major wind systems in this region: the summer (Southwest) monsoon, the winter (Northeast) monsoon, and the summer northwesterlies that blow over the Arabian Peninsula. In addition, plant waxes are fluvially supplied to the Gulf of Oman and the Eastern African margin by nearby rivers. Plant wax δ13C values reflect the vegetation types of the continental source regions. Greater than 75% of the waxes from Africa and Asia are derived from C4 plants. Waxes delivered by northwesterly winds reflect a greater influence (25–40%) of C3 vegetation, likely derived from the Mesopotamian region. These data agree well with previously published studies of eolian dust deposition, particularly of dolomite derived from the Arabian Peninsula and the Mesopotamian region, in surface sediments of the Arabian Sea. The west-to-east gradient of plant wax δ13C and dolomite accumulation rates are separately useful indicators of the relationship between the northwesterly winds and the winds of the Southwest monsoon. Combined, however, these two proxies could provide a powerful tool for the reconstruction of both southwest monsoon strength as well as Mesopotamian aridity.
    Description: This work was supported by a SGER grant from the National Science Foundation to D.O. and a Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship to K.D.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 6
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    Terrigenous plant wax inputs to the Arabian Sea: Implications for the reconstruction of winds associated with the Indian Monsoon (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7037
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9533
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
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    Florida Straits density structure and transport over the last 8000 years (2009)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-01
    Print ISSN: 2572-4517
    Electronic ISSN: 2572-4525
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 8
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    Sea surface temperature and salinity variability at Bermuda during the end of the Little Ice Age (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-09
    Print ISSN: 2572-4517
    Electronic ISSN: 2572-4525
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 9
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    Deglacial variability in the surface return flow of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Print ISSN: 2572-4517
    Electronic ISSN: 2572-4525
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 10
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    On the Abyssal Circulation in the Glacial Atlantic (2008)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-01
    Description: An inverse method is used to evaluate the information contained in sediment data for the Atlantic basin during the Last Glacial Maximum (defined here as the time interval 18–21 kyr before present). The data being considered are an updated compilation of the isotopic ratios 18O/16O (δ18O) and 13C/12C (δ13C) of fossil shells of benthic foraminifera (bottom-dwelling organisms). First, an estimate of the abyssal circulation in the modern Atlantic is obtained, which is consistent with (i) climatologies of temperature and salinity of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, (ii) observational estimates of volume transport at specific locations, and (iii) the statements of a finite-difference geostrophic model. Second, estimates of water properties (δ18O of equilibrium calcite or δ18Oc and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon or δ13CDIC) derived from sediment data are combined with this circulation estimate to test their consistency with the modern flow. It is found that more than approximately 80% of water property estimates (δ18Oc or δ13CDIC) are compatible with the modern flow given their uncertainties. The consistency of glacial δ13CDIC estimates with the modern flow could be rejected after two assumptions are made: (i) the uncertainty in these estimates is ±0.1‰ (this uncertainty includes errors in sediment core chronology and oceanic representativity of benthic δ13C, which alone appears better than this value on average); and (ii) δ13CDIC in the glacial deep Atlantic was dominated by a balance between water advection and organic C remineralization. Measurements of δ13C on benthic foraminifera are clearly useful, but the current uncertainties in the distribution and budget of δ13CDIC in the glacial Atlantic must be reduced to increase the power of the test.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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