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  • 2005-2009  (227)
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  • 1
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    Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-13
    Description: In an adaptive immune response, naive T cells proliferate during infection and generate long-lived memory cells that undergo secondary expansion after a repeat encounter with the same pathogen. Although natural killer (NK) cells have traditionally been classified as cells of the innate immune system, they share many similarities with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We use a mouse model of cytomegalovirus infection to show that, like T cells, NK cells bearing the virus-specific Ly49H receptor proliferate 100-fold in the spleen and 1,000-fold in the liver after infection. After a contraction phase, Ly49H-positive NK cells reside in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs for several months. These self-renewing 'memory' NK cells rapidly degranulate and produce cytokines on reactivation. Adoptive transfer of these NK cells into naive animals followed by viral challenge results in a robust secondary expansion and protective immunity. These findings reveal properties of NK cells that were previously attributed only to cells of the adaptive immune system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674434/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674434/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Joseph C -- Beilke, Joshua N -- Lanier, Lewis L -- AI068129/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068129/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068129-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):557-61. doi: 10.1038/nature07665. Epub 2009 Jan 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency/genetics ; Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*cytology/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Congenic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Models, Immunological ; Muromegalovirus/immunology/physiology ; Phenotype ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Optical negative refraction in bulk metamaterials of nanowires (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-16
    Description: Negative refraction in metamaterials has generated great excitement in the scientific community. Although negative refraction has been realized in microwave and infrared by using metamaterials and by using two-dimensional waveguide structures, creation of a bulk metamaterial showing negative refraction at visible frequency has not been successful, mainly because of the significant resonance losses and fabrication difficulties. We report bulk metamaterials made of nanowires that show such negative refraction for all incident angles in the visible region. Moreover, the negative refraction occurs far from any resonance, resulting in a low-loss and a broad-band propagation at visible frequencies. These remarkable properties can substantially affect applications such as imaging, three-dimensional light manipulation, and optical communication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yao, Jie -- Liu, Zhaowei -- Liu, Yongmin -- Wang, Yuan -- Sun, Cheng -- Bartal, Guy -- Stacy, Angelica M -- Zhang, Xiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):930. doi: 10.1126/science.1157566.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Science Foundation (NSF) Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 5130 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The transition from stiff to compliant materials in squid beaks (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: The beak of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas represents one of the hardest and stiffest wholly organic materials known. As it is deeply embedded within the soft buccal envelope, the manner in which impact forces are transmitted between beak and envelope is a matter of considerable scientific interest. Here, we show that the hydrated beak exhibits a large stiffness gradient, spanning two orders of magnitude from the tip to the base. This gradient is correlated with a chemical gradient involving mixtures of chitin, water, and His-rich proteins that contain 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (dopa) and undergo extensive stabilization by histidyl-dopa cross-link formation. These findings may serve as a foundation for identifying design principles for attaching mechanically mismatched materials in engineering and biological applications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754134/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2754134/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miserez, Ali -- Schneberk, Todd -- Sun, Chengjun -- Zok, Frank W -- Waite, J Herbert -- DE015415/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE014672/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE015415/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE015415-01/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE015415-03/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE015415-04/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1816-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1154117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/analysis ; Animals ; Beak/anatomy & histology/*chemistry ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chitin/*analysis/chemistry ; Compliance ; Decapodiformes/anatomy & histology/*chemistry ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/analysis/*chemistry ; Dopamine/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Freeze Drying ; Glucosamine/analysis ; Hardness ; Histidine/analysis/chemistry ; Pigmentation ; Proteins/*analysis/chemistry ; Water/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Sub-diffraction-limited optical imaging with a silver superlens (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-23
    Description: Recent theory has predicted a superlens that is capable of producing sub-diffraction-limited images. This superlens would allow the recovery of evanescent waves in an image via the excitation of surface plasmons. Using silver as a natural optical superlens, we demonstrated sub-diffraction-limited imaging with 60-nanometer half-pitch resolution, or one-sixth of the illumination wavelength. By proper design of the working wavelength and the thickness of silver that allows access to a broad spectrum of subwavelength features, we also showed that arbitrary nanostructures can be imaged with good fidelity. The optical superlens promises exciting avenues to nanoscale optical imaging and ultrasmall optoelectronic devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fang, Nicholas -- Lee, Hyesog -- Sun, Cheng -- Zhang, Xiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):534-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉5130 Etcheverry Hall, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Comment on "Reconstructing the origin of Andaman islanders" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: On the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses, Thangaraj et al. (Brevia, 13 May 2005, p. 996) proposed that Andaman islanders descended from the first humans to migrate out of Africa. We identified mitochondrial DNA from two northeast Indian Rajbanshi individuals that shares three specific mutations with the M31a lineage observed in the Great Andamanese, which suggests that the predecessor of haplogroup M31 originated on the Indian subcontinent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palanichamy, Malliya Gounder -- Agrawal, Suraksha -- Yao, Yong-Gang -- Kong, Qing-Peng -- Sun, Chang -- Khan, Faisal -- Chaudhuri, Tapas Kumar -- Zhang, Ya-Ping -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):470; author reply 470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; *Haplotypes ; Humans ; India ; Mutation ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: The diffraction limit of light, which is causd by the loss of evanescent waves in the far field that carry high spatial frequency information, limits the resolution of optical lenses to the order of the wavelength of light. We report experimental demonstration of the optical hyperlens for sub-diffraction-limited imaging in the far field. The device magnifies subwavelength objects by transforming the scattered evanescent waves into propagating waves in an anisotropic medium and projects the high-resolution image at far field. The optical hyperlens opens up possibilities in applications such as real-time biomolecular imaging and nanolithography.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Zhaowei -- Lee, Hyesog -- Xiong, Yi -- Sun, Cheng -- Zhang, Xiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1686.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉5130 Etcheverry Hall, NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A self-similar array model of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2005)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-16
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic Torsional Buckling of an Embedded Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 334-335 (Mar. 2007), p. 745-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An elastic double-shell model based on continuum mechanics is presented to study thedynamic torsional buckling of an embedded double-walled carbon nanotube (EDWCNT). Based onthe model, a condition is derived to predict the buckling load of the EDWCNT. It is shown that thebuckling load of the EDWCNT for dynamic torsional buckling is no less than that for the statictorsional buckling. Further, the effect of the van der Waals forces is discussed when an innernanotube is inserted into an embedded outer one. In particular, the paper shows that, in the absenceof the initial van der Waals forces, the buckling load of an EDWCNT is always in-between that ofan isolated inner tube and of an embedded outer nanotube, which is different from the resultobtained by neglecting the difference of radii. This indicates that disregarding the difference of theradii of the double-walled nanotubes can not properly describe the effect of the van der Waalsforces between interlayer spacing
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/53/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.334-335.745.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanocrystalline Formation during Mechanical Attrition of Cobalt (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 503-504 (Jan. 2006), p. 751-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The nanocrystalline (nc) formation was studied in cobalt (a mixture of ε (hexagonal close packed) and γ (face-centered cubic) phases) subjected to surface mechanical attrition treatment. Electron microscopy revealed the operation of{ 10 10 }〈 1120 〉 prismatic and {0001}〈 1120 〉 basal slip in the ε phase, leading to the successive subdivision of grains to nanoscale. In particular, the dislocation splitting into the stacking faults was observed to occur in ultrafine and nc grains. By contrast, the planar dislocation arrays, twins and martensites were evidenced in the γ phase. The strain-induced γ→ε martensitic transformation was found to progress continuously in ultrafine and nc grains as the strain increased. The nc formation in the γ phase was interpreted in terms of the martensitic transformation and twinning
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/11/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.503-504.751.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Ellipse Recognition Algorithm for CCD Camera (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 295-296 (Oct. 2005), p. 729-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A novel 2D pattern used in camera calibration is presented. An array of circles with one feature circle located at the center is photo echoed on the pattern. According to the category of the pattern, an ellipse recognition algorithm is proposed. It facilitates acquisition of the distinguished points without human operation. The 3D space coordinate system of these points can be established automatically and accurately. A series of experiments show that the algorithm is robust and reliable. The calibration error is less than 0.4 pixels. The new ellipse recognition algorithm can be widely used for computer vision applications
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/50/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.295-296.729.pdf
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