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  • Other Sources  (2)
  • 2005-2009  (2)
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  • 1
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    Improved continuous in situ measurements of C〈sub〉1〈/sub〉-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 PFCs, HFCs, HCFCs, CFCs and SF〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 in Europe and Australia (2005)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Environmental Sciences, 2 (2-3). pp. 253-261.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: Improved monitoring of non-CO2 greenhouse gases in air samples is presented, achieved using a new analytical system based on preconcentration, gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition to the major HFCs, HCFCs and CFCs, the new observations include the first in situ time series of the C1–C3 PFCs (CF4, C2F6 and C3F8) and the more volatile of the HFCs (CHF3, CH2F2, CH3CF3) alongside SF6, all of which are now monitored routinely as part of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). Observed trends in newly monitored species are shown, obtained from 1–2 years continuous in situ air analyses at remote monitoring sites at Mace Head (Ireland) and Cape Grim (Australia). Observed deviations in the air background for these gas species are linked to modelled trajectories of air masses arriving at the monitoring stations to indicate potential source regions for emissions in Europe and Australia. In addition, preliminary estimates of 2004 mixing ratio growth rates of compounds are deduced from the observations, which highlight the importance of continuous atmospheric monitoring for verification of consumption-based emission estimates of non-CO2 greenhouse gases.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Medusa - a sample preconcentration and GC-MSD system for in situ Measurements of atmospheric trace halocarbons, hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Analytical Chemistry, 80 (5). pp. 1536-1545.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Significant changes have occurred in the anthropogenic emissions of many compounds related to the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols within the past 20 years and many of their atmospheric abundances have responded dramatically. Additionally, there are a number of related natural compounds with underdetermined source or sink budgets. A new instrument, Medusa, was developed to make the high frequency in situ measurements required for the determination of the atmospheric lifetimes and emissions of these compounds. This automated system measures a wide range of halocarbons, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds involved in ozone depletion and/or climate forcing, from the very volatile perfluorocarbons (PFCs, e.g., CF4 and CF3CF3) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs, e.g., CH3CF3) to the higher-boiling point solvents (such as CH3CCl3 and CCl2CCl2) and CHBr3. A network of Medusa systems worldwide provides 12 in situ ambient air measurements per day of more than 38 compounds of part per trillion mole fractions and precisions up to 0.1% RSD at the five remote field stations operated by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). This custom system couples gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD) with a novel scheme for cryogen-free low-temperature preconcentration (−165 °C) of analytes from 2 L samples in a two-trap process using HayeSep D adsorbent.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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