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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (13)
  • 2005-2009  (13)
  • 1
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    ALI (Autonomous Lunar Investigator): Revolutionary Approach to Exploring the Moon with Addressable Reconfigurable Technology (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Addressable Reconfigurable Technology (ART) based structures: Mission Concepts based on Addressable Reconfigurable Technology (ART), originally studied for future ANTS (Autonomous Nanotechnology Swarm) Space Architectures, are now being developed as rovers for nearer term use in lunar and planetary surface exploration. The architecture is based on the reconfigurable tetrahedron as a building block. Tetrahedra are combined to form space-filling networks, shaped for the required function. Basic structural components are highly modular, addressable arrays of robust nodes (tetrahedral apices) from which highly reconfigurable struts (tetrahedral edges), acting as supports or tethers, are efficiently reversibly deployed/stowed, transforming and reshaping the structures as required.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 3; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-3
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  • 2
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    Palmer Quest: A Feasible Nuclear Fission "Vision Mission" to the Mars Polar Caps (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: We are engaged in a NASA Vision Mission study, called Palmer Quest after the American Antarctic explorer Nathaniel Palmer, to assess the presence of life and evaluate the habitability of the basal domain of the Mars polar caps. We address this goal through four objectives: 1. Determine the presence of amino acids, nutrients, and geochemical heterogeneity in the ice sheet. 2. Quantify and characterize the provenance of the amino acids in Mars ice. 3. Assess the stratification of outcropped units for indications of habitable zones. 4. Determine the accumulation of ice, mineralogic material, and amino acids in Mars ice caps over the present epoch. Because of the defined scientific goal for the vision mission, the Palmer Quest focus is astrobiological; however, the results of the study make us optimistic that aggressive multi-platform in-situ missions that address a wide range of objectives, such as climate change, can be supported by variations of the approach used on this mission. Mission Overview: The Palmer Quest baseline
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 3; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-3
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  • 3
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    Delta(O-17) of Martian Sulfate: Assessment as a Tool to Recognize the Impact of Biological Sulfur Cycling on Mars (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The Mars Rover-missions demonstrate that there are accessible Martian sulfate deposits (evaporites) [1]. These sedimentary rocks could indicate influence of past or present biotic processes even in the absence of traces of extraterrestrial life. We evaluate the potential of the analysis of mass independent isotope fractionation of oxygen in sulfate as a biosignature.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 2; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-2
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  • 4
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    Electron Density Dropout Near Enceladus in the Context of Water-Vapor and Water-Ice (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: On 12 March 2008, the Cassini spacecraft made a close encounter with the Saturnian moon Enceladus, passing within 52 km of the moon. The spacecraft trajectory was intentionally-oriented in a southerly direction to create a close alignment with the intense water-dominated plumes emitted from the south polar region. During the passage, the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave System (RPWS) detected two distinct radio signatures: 1) Impulses associated with small water-ice dust grain impacts and 2) an upper hybrid (UH) resonance emission that both intensified and displayed a sharp frequency decrease in the near-vicinity of the moon. The frequency decrease of the UH emission is associated with an unexpectedly sharp decrease in electron density from approximately 90 el/cubic cm to below 20 el/cubic cm that occurs on a time scale of a minute near the closest encounter with the moon. In this work, we consider a number of scenarios to explain this sharp electron dropout, but surmise that electron absorption by ice grains is the most likely process.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; Volume 36; L10203
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  • 5
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    Electrostatic Characterization of Lunar Dust Simulants (2008)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Lunar dust can jeopardize exploration activities due to its ability to cling to most surfaces. In this paper, we report on our measurements of the electrostatic properties of the lunar soil simulants. Methods have been developed to measure the volume resistivity, dielectric constant, chargeability, and charge decay of lunar soil. While the first two parameters have been measured in the past [Olhoeft 1974], the last two have never been measured directly on the lunar regolith or on any of the Apollo samples. Measurements of the electrical properties of the lunar samples are being performed in an attempt to answer important problems that must be solved for the development of an effective dust mitigation technology, namely, how much charge can accumulate on the dust and how long does the charge remain on surfaces. The measurements will help develop coatings that are compatible with the intrinsic electrostatic properties of the lunar regolith.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: KSC-2008-030 , Space Technology and Applications International Forum; Feb 10, 2008 - Feb 14, 2008; Albuquerque, NM; United States
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  • 6
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    Imaging Thermal He(+) from the Lunar Surface (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Extreme ultraviolet observations of He(+) ions by the EUV instrument on the IMAGE spacecraft have dramatically improved our ability to observe plasmasphere dynamics in the inner magnetosphere. These primarily high latitude observations have revealed the phenomenology of thermal density structures and continue to lead us toward a more complete understanding of inner magnetospheric electric fields and plasmaspheric refilling. Recent analyses have brought attention to the disposition of thermal plasma eroded from the plasmasphere and convected into the outer dayside magnetosphere. The extent to which this plasma is lost into the solar wind or recirculated across the polar cap or through the magnetospheric flanks is an important outstanding question that relates to the influence this plasma has on space weather processes in Geospace. A concept for implementation of enhanced EUV observations from the lunar surface to resolve questions about the global circulation of He(+) plasma in the magnetosphere will be presented. The instrument and science package subsystem elements, including anticipated component capabilities and limitations will be discussed. Attention will also be given to the potential impact of dust contamination.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: 2006 Fall American Geophysical Union Meeting; Dec 11, 2006 - Dec 15, 2006; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 7
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    Science Operations for the 2008 NASA Lunar Analog Field Test at Black Point Lava Flow, Arizona (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Surface science operations on the Moon will require merging lessons from Apollo with new operation concepts that exploit the Constellation Lunar Architecture. Prototypes of lunar vehicles and robots are already under development and will change the way we conduct science operations compared to Apollo. To prepare for future surface operations on the Moon, NASA, along with several supporting agencies and institutions, conducted a high-fidelity lunar mission simulation with prototypes of the small pressurized rover (SPR) and unpressurized rover (UPR) (Fig. 1) at Black Point lava flow (Fig. 2), 40 km north of Flagstaff, Arizona from Oct. 19-31, 2008. This field test was primarily intended to evaluate and compare the surface mobility afforded by unpressurized and pressurized rovers, the latter critically depending on the innovative suit-port concept for efficient egress and ingress. The UPR vehicle transports two astronauts who remain in their EVA suits at all times, whereas the SPR concept enables astronauts to remain in a pressurized shirt-sleeve environment during long translations and while making contextual observations and enables rapid (less than or equal to 10 minutes) transfer to and from the surface via suit-ports. A team of field geologists provided realistic science scenarios for the simulations and served as crew members, field observers, and operators of a science backroom. Here, we present a description of the science team s operations and lessons learned.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-18020
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  • 8
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    Two Successive Martian Years on the Orbit: Similarities and Differences of CO2 Seasonal Cycle from HEND/ODYSSEY Data (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The three years of Mars Odyssey successful work on the martian orbit provide a lot of new information about peculiarities of long term variations of CO2 seasonal cycle. To start such analysis we have used observations of neutron albedo of Mars obtained by High Energy Neutron detector (HEND) mounted onboard Mars Odyssey spacecraft. The high latitude northern and southern regions of Mars are affected by global redistribution of atmospheric CO2 which resulted in 25% of atmospheric mass condensed on martian surface of these regions during winter period of time. The seasonal deposit is formed starting from 60N/60S latitudes and achieve its maximal thickness about 1 m at latitudes close to martian poles. Changes of CO2 deposit thickness is the reason for significant variations of neutron flux above martian poles from summer to winter seasons because CO2 frost effectively hides upper water rich surface layers from the orbit observations in neutrons and gamma-rays. This effect was used to estimate column density of CO2 deposit at different latitudes on North and South of Mars and reconstruct multidimensional model of CO2 deposit showing how snow depth varies as function of latitude, longitude and time. In this presentation we tried to make a next step in our study of martian seasonal CO2 cycle and look for similarities and differences between two successive martian years.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 12; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-12
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  • 9
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    Palmer Quest : a feasible and valuable vision mission to the Mars polar caps (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 14, 2005 - Mar 18, 2005; League City, TX; United States
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  • 10
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    Origin and Evolution of Deep Plasmaspheric Notches (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Deep plasmaspheric notches can extend over more than 2 R(sub E) in radial distance and 3 hours MLT in the magnetic equatorial plane, as observed by the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imager on the IMAGE mission. They are among the largest evacuated features in the exterior plasmaspheric boundary. They can last for days and exhibit a variety of shapes. It appears that weak convection and limited erosion precedes notch formation at the westward, near-Earth edge of the convection plume. Eighteen clear notch events were found and analyzed in 2000. Among these events, notches were found to drift as slowly as 44% of corotation. In only one case was a notch found to drift at the corotation rate within measurement error. On average, these notches drift at about 21.5 h d(sup -1) or 90% of the corotational rate. Notches sometimes exhibit an interior structure that appears as an extended prominence of dense plasma, which forms a W- or M-like feature in IMAGE/EUV images, depending on viewing perspective. Initial modeling suggests that notches and notch prominences may be caused in part by intense small-scale potential structures that result from the localized injection of ring current plasma. Plasma filling rates during recovery are examined in three L shell ranges from L = 2 to L = 3.5 with rates ranging from 5 to 140 cm(sup -3) d(sup -1). Plasma loss during a minor substorm is found to extend to surprisingly low L shell with rates ranging from 100 to 130 cm(sup -3) d(sup -1) across the L shells examined.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Paper-2004JA010906 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100
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