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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus species belonging to section Nigri by PCR assays (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 245 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Aspergillus species included in section Nigri are common in plant products and processed food, such as grapes, cereals, coffee and derivatives, particularly in warm and tropical climates. Two of these species, A. carbonarius and A. niger, are known to produce ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent nephrotoxin and carcinogenic to human (group 2B). Recognition of the several species of this section is difficult and requires considerable expertise using conventional methods based on morphological features. In this work we describe rapid, sensitive and robust assays based on the PCR technique to discriminate the main species included in section Nigri: A. japonicus, A. heteromorphus, A. ellipticus and the two morphologically indistinguishable species of the A. niger aggregate: A. niger and A. tubingensis. The species-specific primers have been designed on the basis of ITS (internal transcribed spacers of rDNA units) sequence comparisons obtained from several Aspergillus strains and have been tested in a number of strains from different origins and hosts. These PCR assays, based on multi-copy sequences, are highly sensitive and specific and represent a good tool for an early detection of OTA-producing Aspergillus species in order to prevent OTA from entering the food chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiated biological activity of Vero cytotoxins (VT) released by human and porcine Escherichia coli strains (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 20 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the biological activity in the filtered culture supernatants from 9 VT-producing Escherichia coli strains. The filtrates from 4 strains (3 of human and one of bovine origin), were cytotoxic on Vero and HeLa cells, and caused death in intraperitoneally injected adult mice. The 5 strains of porcine origin showed cytotoxic activity on Vero and Y-1 cells but not on HeLa cells. Filtrates of these latter strains were not lethal for adult mice. VT-cytotoxins produced by all strains were inactive in the infant mouse test and the filtrates from 7 of 8 VT-producing strains assayed in rabbit ileal loops caused fluid accumulation in at least one of the 3 rabbits employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00110.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of csc1-1. A plausible strategy to obtain wine yeast strains undergoing accelerated autolysis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 246 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The potential of several alternative genetic engineering based strategies in order to accelerate Saccharomyces cerevisiae autolysis for wine production has been studied. Both constitutively autophagic and defective in autophagy strains have been studied. Although both alternatives lead to impaired survival under starvation conditions, only constitutively autophagic strains, carrying a multicopy plasmid with the csc1-1 allele under the control of the TDH3 promoter, undergo accelerated autolysis in the experimental conditions tested. Fermentation performance is impaired in the autolytic strains, but industrial strains carrying the above-mentioned construction are still able to complete second fermentation of a model base wine. We suggest the construction of industrial yeasts showing a constitutive autophagic phenotype as a way to obtain second fermentation yeast strains undergoing accelerated autolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.030
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incomplete processing of peroxidase transcripts in the lignin degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 242 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been thoroughly studied as a microbial model for lignin degradation. The enzymes lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), both encoded by several genes, play the main role in the cleavage of different lignin substructures. In this work, the expression of specific LiP and MnP transcripts in liquid medium and in a wood-containing soil system was studied by reverse transcription-PCR and subsequent cloning and sequencing of the products obtained. Splice variants of different LiP and MnP transcripts were observed in wood-containing soil incubations and in liquid cultures. The processed transcripts contained different numbers of complete introns. Since the presence of stop codons in several of these introns would prevent the synthesis of active enzyme, we propose that these transcripts arise as a result of incomplete processing rather than alternative splicing. Interestingly, analysis of splice variants from mnp genes led to the identification of a fourth actively transcribed gene coding for MnP in P. chrysosporium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutting Shape and Storage Temperature Affect Overall Quality of Fresh-cut Papaya cv. ‘Maradol’ (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The effect of cutting shape (cubes or slices) and storage temperature (5 °C, 10 °C, and 20 °C) on overall quality of fresh-cut papaya were investigated. CO2 production, color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), weight loss, overall quality, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated as a function of shelf life. CO2 production was high on day 0 for cubes and slices with an average of 150 and 100 mL/ kg/h, respectively. Storage temperature did not affect color changes; however, lower temperatures prevented loss of firmness. Fresh-cut papaya stored at 20 °C showed the lowest TSS value and the highest weight losses. Shelf life based on visual quality ended before significant losses of total ascorbic acid, b-carotene, and antioxidant capacity occurred. In general, quality parameters were not affected by shape. However, slices stored at 10 °C and 5 °C had a shelf life of 1 d and 2 d longer than cubes, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11496.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Horizontal Aquifer Anisotropy with Three Wells (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 22 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Existing methods for the determination of horizontal aquifer anisotropy by means of pumping tests require a minimum of four wells, one for water withdrawal and three for drawdown observations. This paper shows how the same methods can be used to determine anisotropy with as few as three wells, if at least two of them can be pumped in sequence. A field example is included. A method of analyzing data from more wells than the above minimum, by least squares, is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01477.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of Soy Protein Isolate Cold-set Gels: Protein and Salt Effects (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The influence of protein and calcium concentration on soy protein cold-set gel formation and rheology has been investigated. Cold-set gels can be formed at soy protein concentrations from 6% to 9% and calcium concentrations from 10 to 20 mM. Gel properties can be modulated by changing the protein and/or CaCl2 concentrations. An increase in CaCl2 concentration from 10 to 20 mM increased gel opacity while an increase in protein concentration from 6% to 9% decreased opacity. Water-holding capacity improved with increasing protein concentration and decreasing CaCl2 concentration. The elastic modulus (G') increased with protein and calcium chloride concentrations. Microscopy revealed an increase in the diameters of aggregates and pores as CaCl2 concentration increased and as protein concentration decreased. Cold-set gels with a broad range of characteristics can be obtained from soy protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09023.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Public Ownership and Competition on Productivity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 58 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Are private firms more efficient than public ones? Does privatisation improve performance? In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to disentangle the impact of ownership and competition upon business performance. This paper presents empirical evidence relating to the hypothesis that public ownership and competition are determinants of firms' productivity. It concludes that public ownership has a significant negative effect on productivity and also that privatisation has a positive impact on efficiency. Furthermore, increased competition is found to have a positive effect on productivity. These results are interpreted as confirming that privatisation is effective as a means of increasing firms' efficiency, at least in a non-regulated and relatively competitive sector, such as manufacturing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2005.00299.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deviations from Classical Behaviour in Pumping Test Analysis (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 19 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper discusses certain of the reasons for deviations from the classical type curve behaviour during pumping tests. A particular series of pumping tests in a confined limestone aquifer is considered; the tests include a step test, a 3-day test and a 71-day test. Using a radial flow numerical model, the influences of transmissivity, storage coefficient altering with radius, a neighbouring baseload borehole and a distant unconfined boundary are each considered. The baseload borehole is shown to have a significant effect on both abstraction and recovery response for the 3-day test, while both the baseload borehole and the unconfined boundary modify the response for the 71-day test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03502.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3, 4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate reduces nitrous oxide emissions from grassland after slurry application (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A field study was conducted to assess the effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), applied at a rate of 1 kg ha−1, on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, forage production and N extraction from a grassland soil after cattle slurry applications in autumn and spring. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured daily or weekly using the closed chamber technique. DMPP efficiency after slurry application was lower in spring (16.7 °C mean soil temperature) than in autumn (11.4 °C mean soil temperature). Thus, DMPP was able to maintain soil mineral N in the ammonium form for 22 days and reduce cumulative N2O emissions by 69% in autumn, while in spring its effect on soil mineral N lasted for 7–14 days, reducing cumulative N2O losses by 48%. Furthermore, application of DMPP after slurry did not decrease biomass yield or N uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00106.x
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