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  • 1
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    Inter-technique combination based on homogeneous normal equation systems including station coordinates, Earth orientation and troposphere parameters (2010)
    GFZ, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Potsdam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551 ; TUA 700 ; Verfahren zur Untersuchung der freien Atmosphäre {Meteorologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 135 S.
    Format: application/pdf
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Observations of a high-latitude stable electron auroral emission at ∼16 MLT during a large substorm (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: During an interval when the interplanetary magnetic field was large and primarily duskward and southward, a stable region of auroral emission was observed on 17 August 2001 by IMAGE at ∼16 magnetic local time, poleward of the main aurora, for 1 h, from before the onset of a large substorm through the recovery phase. In a region where ions showed the energy dispersion expected for the cusp, strong field-aligned currents and Poynting flux were observed by Polar (at 1.8 RE in the Southern Hemisphere) as it transited field lines mapping to the auroral spot in the Northern Hemisphere. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the long-lasting electron auroral spot maps to the magnetopause region where reconnection was occurring. Under the assumption of conjugacy between the Northern and Southern hemispheres on these field lines, the Polar data suggest that the electrons on these field lines were accelerated by Alfvén waves and/or a quasi-static electric field, primarily at altitudes below a few RE since the in situ Poynting flux (mapped to 100 km) is comparable to the energy flux of the emission while the mapped in situ electron energy flux is much smaller. This event provides the first example of an emission due to electrons accelerated at low altitudes at the foot point of a region of quasi-steady dayside reconnection. Cluster data in the magnetotail indicate that the Poynting flux from the reconnection region during this substorm is large enough to account for the observed nightside aurora.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Spatial Localization and Ducting of EMIC Waves: Van Allen Probes and Ground-based Observations (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: [1]  On 11 th October 2012, during the recovery phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm, an extended interval (〉 18 hours) of continuous EMIC waves was observed by CARISMA and STEP induction coil magnetometers in North America. At around 14:15 UT, both Van Allen Probes B and A (65 degrees magnetic longitude apart) in conjunction with the ground array observed very narrow (ΔL ~ 0.1-0.4) left-hand polarized EMIC emission confined to regions of mass density gradients at the outer edge of the plasmasphere at L ~ 4. EMIC waves were seen with complex polarization patterns on the ground, in good agreement with model results from Woodroffe and Lysak [2012] and consistent with Earth's rotation sweeping magnetometer stations across multiple polarization reversals in the fields in the Earth-ionosphere duct. The narrow L-widths explain the relative rarity of space-based EMIC occurrence, ground-based measurements providing better estimates of global EMIC wave occurrence for input into radiation belt dynamical models.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Cluster observations of fast magnetosonic waves in the heliosphere current sheet (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: [1]  We present Cluster spacecraft observations of large-amplitude ( δ | B |/| B | ~ 1) fast mode magnetosonic waves in the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). The crossings of the HCS and the associated heliospheric plasma sheet (HPS) are encountered by Cluster in the near Earth solar wind and by ACE upstream of Earth. Multiple current layers are detected in correspondence with small-scale discontinuities in the regime of open magnetic field lines within the HCS. Fast magnetosonic waves are observed at one current layer, accompanying the phase-steeped edge of a large amplitude transverse Alfvén wave. The observed fast mode waves are in the frequency range 0.01 Hz-0.2 Hz, characterized by a strong correlation between variations of plasma density and magnetic field strength. Analysis of ratio δE / δB indicate that the fast mode wave packet consists of an anti-sunward propagating component and a larger sunward propagating components in the rest frame of the solar wind. The fast mode waves are not observed by ACE in the upstream solar wind. The generation of the fast mode waves may relate to the development of the phase-steeped Alfvén wave and have profound effects on the evolution of the solar wind plasma.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Cluster observations of surface waves in the ion jets from magnetotail reconnection (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-28
    Description: We present a Cluster spacecraft investigation of plasma sheet-confined waves and the associated Poynting flux in strong ion jets near a reconnection region in the geomagnetic tail at ∼−17 Re. Using phase lag analysis, we determine from multispacecraft measurements the phase front, wavelength, and phase velocity of the waves with spacecraft frame frequencies from 0.03 Hz to 1 Hz. The wave phase velocities were found to be directed nearly perpendicular to the local magnetic field laying in the plasma sheet plane. The strong evidence that the waves were driven by ion velocity shears has been provided. The waves are confined by the plasma sheet and their amplitude diminishes in the tail lobes. The δE/δB ratios are mostly on the order of the Alfven speed. The observed wave characteristics are different from plasma sheet flapping observed at the same time. The field-aligned Poynting flux was found to be directed away from the reconnection region. The values of earthward Poynting flux (100 ergs/cm2s or 0.1 W/m2) and longitudinal scales (10–100 km) mapped to the auroral ionosphere suggest that the observed waves may provide energy needed to accelerate auroral particles and may drive observed motions in auroral curls.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Modeling Gradual Diffusion Changes in Radiation Belt Electron Phase Space Density for the March 2013 Van Allen Probes Case Study (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Description: March 2013 provided the first equinoctial period when all of the instruments on the Van Allen Probes spacecraft were fully operational. This interval was characterized by disturbances of outer zone electrons with two timescales of variation, diffusive and rapid dropout and restoration [ Baker et al ., 2014]. A radial diffusion model was applied to the month-long interval to confirm that electron phase space density is well described by radial diffusion for the whole month at low first invariant ≤400 MeV/G, but peaks in phase space density observed by the ECT instrument suite at higher first invariant are not reproduced by radial transport from a source at higher L. The model does well for much of the month-long interval, capturing three of four enhancements in phase space density which emerge from the outer boundary, while the strong enhancement following dropout on 17-18 March requires local acceleration at higher first invariant (M = 1000 MeV/G vs. 200 MeV/G) not included in our model. We have incorporated phase space density from ECT measurement at the outer boundary and plasmapause determination from the EFW instrument to separate hiss and chorus loss models.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Calibration of an automated California mastitis test with focus on the device-dependent variation (2014)
    SpringerOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-23
    Description: The aim of the paper was to estimate the accuracy of the metrology of an installed indirect on-line sensor system based on the automated California Mastitis Test (CMT) with focus on the prior established device-dependent variation. A sensor calibration was implemented. Therefore, seven sensors were tested with similar trials on the dairy research farm Karkendamm (Germany) on two days in July 2011 and January 2012. Thereby, 18 mixed milk samples from serial dilutions were fourfold recorded at every sensor. For the validation, independent sensor records with corresponding lab somatic cell score records (LSCS) in the period between both trials were used (n = 1,357). From these records for each sensor a polynomial regression function was calculated. The predicted SCS (PSCS) was obtained for each sensor with the previously determined regression coefficients. Pearson correlation coefficients between PSCS and LSCS were established for each sensor and ranged between r = 0.57 and r = 0.67. Comparing the results with the correlation coefficients between the on-line SCS (OSCS) and the LSCS (r = 0.20 to 0.57) for every sensor, the calibration showed the tendency to improve the installed sensor system.
    Electronic ISSN: 2193-1801
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by SpringerOpen
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  • 8
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    Genetic effects and correlations between production and fertility traits and their dependency on the lactation-stage in Holstein Friesians (2012)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Background: This study focused on the dynamics of genome-wide effects on five milk production and eight fertility traits as well as genetic correlations between the traits. For 2,405 Holstein Friesian bulls, estimated breeding values (EBVs) were used. The production traits were additionally assessed in 10-day intervals over the first 60 lactation days, as this stage is physiologically the most crucial time in milk production. Results: SNPs significantly affecting the EBVs of the production traits could be separated into three groups according to the development of the size of allele effects over time: 1) increasing effects for all traits; 2) decreasing effects for all traits; and 3) increasing effects for all traits except fat yield. Most of the significant markers were found within 22 haplotypes spanning on average 135,338 bp. The DGAT1 region showed high density of significant markers, and thus, haplotype blocks. Further functional candidate genes are proposed for haplotype blocks of significant SNPs (KLHL8, SICLEC12, AGPAT6 and NID1). Negative genetic correlations were found between yield and fertility traits, whilst content traits showed positive correlations with some fertility traits. Genetic correlations became stronger with progressing lactation. When correlations were estimated within genotype classes, correlations were on average 0.1 units weaker between production and fertility traits when the yield increasing allele was present in the genotype. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the expression of genetic effects during early lactation and suggests possible biological explanations for the presented time-dependent effects. Even though only three markers were found with effects on fertility, the direction of genetic correlations within genotype classes between production and fertility traits suggests that alleles increasing the milk production do not affect fertility in a more negative way compared to the decreasing allele.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2156
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 9
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    Using Genome-Wide Association Analysis to Characterize Environmental Sensitivity of Milk Traits in Dairy Cattle (2013)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: Genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE) has been widely reported in dairy cattle. One way to analyze GxE is to apply reaction norm models. The first derivative of a reaction norm is the environmental sensitivity (ES). In the present study we conducted a large-scale, genome-wide association analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect general production (GP) and ES of milk traits in the German Holstein population. Sire estimates for GP and for ES were calculated from approximately 13 million daughter records by the use of linear reaction norm models. The daughters were offspring from 2297 sires. Sires were genotyped for 54k SNPs. The environment was defined as the average milk energy yield performance of the herds at the time during which the daughter observations were recorded. The sire estimates were used as observations in a genome-wide association analysis, using 1797 sires. Significant SNPs were confirmed in an independent validation set (500 sires of the same population). To separate GxE scaling and other GxE effects, the observations were log-transformed in some analyses. Results from the reaction norm model revealed GxE effects. Numerous significant SNPs were validated for both GP and ES. Many SNPs that affect GP also affect ES. We showed that ES of milk traits is a typical quantitative trait, genetically controlled by many genes with small effects and few genes with larger effect. A log-transformation of the observation resulted in a reduced number of validated SNPs for ES, pointing to genes that not only caused scaling GxE effects. The results will have implications for breeding for robustness in dairy cattle.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 10
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    Forschung fur Nachhaltige EntwicklungenResearch for Sustainable Development (2013)
    oekom
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    Publication Date: 2013-06-21
    Print ISSN: 0940-5550
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Philosophy
    Published by oekom
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