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  • 1
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    NASA Icing Remote Sensing (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GRC-E-DAA-TN8590 , NASA/CNRC Web Ex Telecon; Apr 05, 2013; Cleveland, OH; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A Terminal Area Icing Remote Sensing System (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: NASA and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) have developed an icing remote sensing technology that has demonstrated skill at detecting and classifying icing hazards in a vertical column above an instrumented ground station. This technology is now being extended to provide volumetric coverage surrounding an airport. With volumetric airport terminal area coverage, the resulting icing hazard information will be usable by aircrews, traffic control, and airline dispatch to make strategic and tactical decisions regarding routing when conditions are conducive to airframe icing. Building on the existing vertical pointing system, the new method for providing volumetric coverage will utilize cloud radar, microwave radiometry, and NEXRAD radar. This terminal area icing remote sensing system will use the data streams from these instruments to provide icing hazard classification along the defined approach paths into an airport. Strategies for comparison to in-situ instruments on aircraft and weather balloons for a planned NASA field test are discussed, as are possible future applications into the NextGen airspace system.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety; Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA/TM-2014-218417 , E-18993 , GRC-E-DAA-TN18095
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Results and Conclusions from the NASA Isokinetic Total Water Content Probe 2009 IRT Test (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The NASA Glenn Research Center has developed and tested a Total Water Content Isokinetic Sampling Probe. Since, by its nature, it is not sensitive to cloud water particle phase nor size, it is particularly attractive to support super-cooled large droplet and high ice water content aircraft icing studies. The instrument comprises the Sampling Probe, Sample Flow Control, and Water Vapor Measurement subsystems. Results and conclusions are presented from probe tests in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) during January and February 2009. The use of reference probe heat and the control of air pressure in the water vapor measurement subsystem are discussed. Several run-time error sources were found to produce identifiable signatures that are presented and discussed. Some of the differences between measured Isokinetic Total Water Content Probe and IRT calibration seems to be caused by tunnel humidification and moisture/ice crystal blow around. Droplet size, airspeed, and liquid water content effects also appear to be present in the IRT calibration. Based upon test results, the authors provide recommendations for future Isokinetic Total Water Content Probe development.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air)
    Type: NASA/TM-2010-216337 , E-17274
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The Winter 2010 and 2011 FRONT/NIRSS In-Flight Icing Hazard Detection Project (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The NASA Icing Remote Sensing System (NIRSS) deploys a vertically-pointing K-band radar, a lidar ceiliometer, and a profiling microwave radiometer to obtain measurements for diagnosing local inflight icing conditions. RAL is working with NASA GRC to develop algorithms and data ingest and display software for the system. NASA has an ongoing activity to develop remote sensing technologies for the detection and measurement of icing conditions aloft. As part of that effort NASA teamed with NCAR to develop software that fuses data from multiple instruments into a single detected icing condition product. The multiple instrument approach, which is the current emphasis of this activity, utilizes a K-band vertical staring radar, a microwave radiometer that detects twelve frequencies between 22 and 59 GHz, and a lidar ceilometer. The radar data determine cloud boundaries, the radiometer determines the sub-freezing temperature heights and total liquid water content, and the ceilometer refines the lower cloud boundary. Data is post-processed in C++ program with a Java-based web display of resultant supercooled LWC profile and aircraft hazard identification. In 2010, a multi-channel scanning radiometer, designed and built by Radiometrics, Inc. under a SBIR grant,,was added to the system to assess its utility in improving icing diagnoses.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: E-667820 , NASA Aviation Safety Annual Technical Meeting; May 10, 2011 - May 12, 2011; Saint Louis, MO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Comparison of In-Situ, Model and Ground Based In-Flight Icing Severity (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Currently there are two systems that are being developed for the detection of in-flight icing: NASA Icing Remote Sensing System (NIRSS) and current Icing Product (CIP). In-flight icing (IFI) is a significant hazard for the aviation industry. IFI occurs when supercooled liquid water (SLW) comes in contact with, and freezes to, the leading surfaces of an aircraft. Significantly alters aircraft aerodynamic properties: increases the amount of drag on an aircraft and reduces the lift. The objective of this study is to examine how the testbed NIRSS icing severity product and the operational CIP severity product compare to PIREPs of icing severity, and how the NIRSS and CIP compare to each other.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: E-667819 , Aviation Safety Program Annual Technical Meeting; May 10, 2011 - May 12, 2011; St. Louis, MO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    NASA Icing Remote Sensing (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: E-667808 , Aviation Safety Program Annual Technical Meeting; May 10, 2011 - May 12, 2011; St. Louis, MO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Comparison of In-Situ, Model and Ground Based In-Flight Icing Severity (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: As an aircraft flies through supercooled liquid water, the liquid freezes instantaneously to the airframe thus altering its lift, drag, and weight characteristics. In-flight icing is a contributing factor to many aviation accidents, and the reliable detection of this hazard is a fundamental concern to aviation safety. The scientific community has recently developed products to provide in-flight icing warnings. NASA's Icing Remote Sensing System (NIRSS) deploys a vertically--pointing Ka--band radar, a laser ceilometer, and a profiling multi-channel microwave radiometer for the diagnosis of terminal area in-flight icing hazards with high spatial and temporal resolution. NCAR s Current Icing Product (CIP) combines several meteorological inputs to produce a gridded, three-dimensional depiction of icing severity on an hourly basis. Pilot reports are the best and only source of information on in-situ icing conditions encountered by an aircraft. The goal of this analysis was to ascertain how the testbed NIRSS icing severity product and the operational CIP severity product compare to pilot reports of icing severity, and how NIRSS and CIP compare to each other. This study revealed that the icing severity product from the ground-based NASA testbed system compared very favorably with the operational model-based product and pilot reported in-situ icing.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA/TM-2011-217141 , Paper No. 10.2 , E-17878 , 15th Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface (IOAS-AOLS); Jan 27, 2011; Seattle, WA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Total Water Content Measurements with an Isokinetic Sampling Probe (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The NASA Glenn Research Center has developed a Total Water Content (TWC) Isokinetic Sampling Probe. Since it is not sensitive to cloud water particle phase nor size, it is particularly attractive to support super-cooled large droplet and high ice water content aircraft icing studies. The instrument is comprised of the Sampling Probe, Sample Flow Control, and Water Vapor Measurement subsystems. Analysis and testing have been conducted on the subsystems to ensure their proper function and accuracy. End-to-end bench testing has also been conducted to ensure the reliability of the entire instrument system. A Stokes Number based collection efficiency correction was developed to correct for probe thickness effects. The authors further discuss the need to ensure that no condensation occurs within the instrument plumbing. Instrument measurements compared to facility calibrations from testing in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel are presented and discussed. There appears to be liquid water content and droplet size effects in the differences between the two measurement techniques.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air)
    Type: NASA/TM-2010-216217 , E-17198
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Examination of Icing Induced Loss of Control and Its Mitigations (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Factors external to the aircraft are often a significant causal factor in loss of control (LOC) accidents. In today s aviation world, very few accidents stem from a single cause and typically have a number of causal factors that culminate in a LOC accident. Very often the "trigger" that initiates an accident sequence is an external environment factor. In a recent NASA statistical analysis of LOC accidents, aircraft icing was shown to be the most common external environmental LOC causal factor for scheduled operations. When investigating LOC accident or incidents aircraft icing causal factors can be categorized into groups of 1) in-flight encounter with super-cooled liquid water clouds, 2) take-off with ice contamination, or 3) in-flight encounter with high concentrations of ice crystals. As with other flight hazards, icing induced LOC accidents can be prevented through avoidance, detection, and recovery mitigations. For icing hazards, avoidance can take the form of avoiding flight into icing conditions or avoiding the hazard of icing by making the aircraft tolerant to icing conditions. Icing detection mitigations can take the form of detecting icing conditions or detecting early performance degradation caused by icing. Recovery from icing induced LOC requires flight crew or automated systems capable of accounting for reduced aircraft performance and degraded control authority during the recovery maneuvers. In this report we review the icing induced LOC accident mitigations defined in a recent LOC study and for each mitigation describe a research topic required to enable or strengthen the mitigation. Many of these research topics are already included in ongoing or planned NASA icing research activities or are being addressed by members of the icing research community. These research activities are described and the status of the ongoing or planned research to address the technology needs is discussed
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA/TM-2010-216912 , AIAA Paper 2010-8140 , E-17489 , Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference; Aug 02, 2010 - Aug 05, 2010; Toronto, Ontario; Canada
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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