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  • 2010-2014  (151)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: We study the existence, uniqueness and regularity properties of solutions for the functional equation y ( t ) = b ( t ) y ( ( t )) + f ( t ), t [0, T ], where the delay function ( t ) vanishes at t = 0. Functional equations corresponding to the linear delay function ( t ) = qt (0 〈 q 〈 1) represent an important special case. We then analyse the optimal order of convergence of piecewise polynomial collocation approximations to solutions of these functional equations. The theoretical results are illustrated by extensive numerical examples.
    Print ISSN: 0272-4979
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3642
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: When combinatorial antibody libraries are rendered infectious for eukaryotic cells, the integrated antibody genotype and cellular phenotype become permanently linked and each cell becomes a selection system unto itself. These systems should be ideal for the identification of proteins and pathways that regulate differentiation so long as selection systems can...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-12-09
    Description: Due to incomplete aperture coverage and complex overburden structures, the migration process cannot provide a true-amplitude image even though a true-amplitude propagator is used. Amplitude compensation based on source-side illumination ignores the aperture effects on the receiver side, and it may fail to recover the true-reflection/scattering strength of a geologic structure from the image. The structural dip largely controls if the wave incident on the structure can be reflected back and received by the acquisition aperture, so it should be taken into account in removing the acquisition effects from the migration image. We derived a dip-angle domain amplitude correctionfrom the resolution theory. The stacked migration image created by reverse time migration was decomposed into common dip images, which were compensated individually by the corresponding amplitude correction factor. Then, we summed up the corrected images to form a final image. To construct the amplitude correction factor, we generated a monofrequency Green’s function at the shot/geophone location and further decomposed it into incident/scattered plane waves. They were combined based on Snell’s law to construct correction factors for different dips. The final amplitude correction factor was formed by visiting all the shot-geophone pairs in the observation system. We devised efficient algorithms to make the amplitude correction more practical. We evaluated two numerical experiments, a five-layer model and the SEG/EAGE salt model, in which the amplitude correction led to a scalar/pressure image with an amplitude better matching the true impedance contrasts of subsurface structures, especially in areas with steep dips and in subsalt regions.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8033
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-2156
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: Hydrodynamics characteristics like flow pattern, shear rate distribution, power consumption, axial pumping capacity, mixing time, and mixing efficiency of an ellipse gate (EG) impeller were investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The numerical simulation results were validated by experimental data of power consumption and mixing time. Results indicate that the axial pumping number of the EG impeller is larger than that of any other reported large-scale impeller under laminar regime, and that the shear rate formed by this impeller is less sensitive to Reynolds numbers. In-depth analysis reveals the different function of each part of the EG impeller under different flow regimes. This impeller provides an almost similar mixing efficiency like the double-helical ribbon impeller under laminar regime, but much higher mixing efficiency both under transitional and turbulent flow regimes. An ellipse gate impeller was designed for fermentation processes with varying fluid viscosities in order to cover turbulent to transient or even laminar flow regimes in a reactor. Hydrodynamics characteristics were investigated by experimental and numerical methods, indicating excellent mixing properties of this impeller in a wide range of Reynolds numbers.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-09-17
    Description: Author(s): T. M. Lu, W. Pan, D. C. Tsui, P. C. Liu, Z. Zhang, and Y. H. Xie We report in this Letter our recent low-temperature transport results in a Si/SiGe quantum well with moderate peak mobility. An apparent metal-insulating transition is observed. Within a small range of densities near the transition, the conductivity σ displays a nonmonotonic temperature dependence. ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 126403] Published Fri Sep 16, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-03-03
    Description: Author(s): G. Tsaur, N.-H. Kang, Z.-H. Xie, S.-H. Chen, and J. Wang Field-induced birefringence, also known as cross-polarization wave generation, has played an important role in ultrafast nonlinear optics. In this paper we analyze birefringence induced by relativistic collective motion of electrons driven by a high-intensity laser field. An analytical expression fo... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 033801] Published Wed Mar 02, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: Although genetic imprinting was discovered in maize 40 years ago, its exact extent in the triploid endosperm remains unknown. Here, we have analyzed global patterns of allelic gene expression in developing maize endosperms from reciprocal crosses between inbreds B73 and Mo17. We have defined an imprinted gene as one in which the relative expression of the maternal and paternal alleles differ at least fivefold in both hybrids of the reciprocal crosses. We found that at least 179 genes (1.6% of protein-coding genes) expressed in the endosperm are imprinted, with 68 of them showing maternal preferential expression and 111 paternal preferential expression. Additionally, 38 long noncoding RNAs were imprinted. The latter are transcribed in either sense or antisense orientation from intronic regions of normal protein-coding genes or from intergenic regions. Imprinted genes show a clear pattern of clustering around the genome, with a number of imprinted genes being adjacent to each other. Analysis of allele-specific methylation patterns of imprinted loci in the hybrid endosperm identified 21 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of several hundred base pairs in length, corresponding to both imprinted genes and noncoding transcripts. All DMRs identified are uniformly hypomethylated in maternal alleles and hypermethylated in paternal alleles, regardless of the imprinting direction of their corresponding loci. Our study indicates highly extensive and complex regulation of genetic imprinting in maize endosperm, a mechanism that can potentially function in the balancing of the gene dosage of this triploid tissue.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-01-11
    Description: We study the interaction between coronal holes (CHs) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) using a resultant force exerted by all the coronal holes present on the disk and is defined as the coronal hole influence parameter (CHIP). The CHIP magnitude for each CH depends on the CH area, the distance between the CH centroid and the eruption region, and the average magnetic field within the CH at the photospheric level. The CHIP direction for each CH points from the CH centroid to the eruption region. We focus on Solar Cycle 23 CMEs originating from the disk center of the Sun (central meridian distance ≤15°) and resulting in magnetic clouds (MCs) and non-MCs in the solar wind. The CHIP is found to be the smallest during the rise phase for MCs and non-MCs. The maximum phase has the largest CHIP value (2.9 G) for non-MCs. The CHIP is the largest (5.8 G) for driverless (DL) shocks, which are shocks at 1 AU with no discernible MC or non-MC. These results suggest that the behavior of non-MCs is similar to that of the DL shocks and different from that of MCs. In other words, the CHs may deflect the CMEs away from the Sun-Earth line and force them to behave like limb CMEs with DL shocks. This finding supports the idea that all CMEs may be flux ropes if viewed from an appropriate vantage point.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-10-21
    Description: Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) typically exhibit ultrahigh strength but a poor ductility. Here, an Fe 62 Ni 18 P 13 C 7 BMG with a super large plasticity of above 50% is reported. Such a discovery is guided by understanding a composition-strength-ductility map, in which most of Fe-based BMGs are classified into three types: FeC(B)-based, FeB-based, and FeP(C)-based. We demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the different types of BMGs are linked with their different physical properties. Among the three types of BMGs, the FeP(C)-based BMGs often possess a lower glass transition temperature, a lower shear modulus, and a higher Poisson's ratio, resulting in a lower shear flow barrier and a higher plasticity. Our findings provide a guideline in understanding the mechanical behavior of Fe-based BMGs.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: InAs quantum dot multilayers have been grown using Al x Ga 1− x As spacers with dimensions and compositions near the theoretical values for optimized efficiencies in intermediate band photovoltaic cells. Using an aluminium composition of x  = 0.3 and InAs dot vertical dimensions of 5 nm, transitions to an intermediate band with energy close to the ideal theoretical value have been obtained. Optimum size uniformity and density have been achieved by capping the quantum dots with GaAs following the indium-flush method. This approach has also resulted in minimization of crystalline defects in the epilayer structure.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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