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  • 1
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    Enzymatic and regulatory attributes of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase from Candida utilis and its role during thermal stress (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of the anti-stress sugar trehalose. An 82 kDa TPP enzyme was isolated from Candida utilis with 61% yield and 43-fold purification. The protein sequence, determined by N-terminal sequencing and MALDI-TOF analysis, showed significant homology with known TPP sequences from related organisms. The full length gene sequence of TPP of Candida utilis was identified using rapid amplification of cDNA ends - PCR reaction (RACE-PCR). The gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21. Recombinant TPP enzyme was isolated using affinity chromatography. CD spectroscopy and steady state fluorescence revealed that the structural and conformational aspects were identical in both native and recombinant forms. The biochemical properties of the two forms were also similar. K m was determined to be ∼0.8 mM. Optimum temperature and pH was found to be 30 °C and 8.5 respectively. Activity was dependent on the presence of divalent cations and inhibited by metal chelators. Methylation mediated regulation of TPP enzyme and its effect on the overall survival of the organism under stress were investigated. The results indicated that enhancement of TPP activity by methylation at the Cysteine residues increased resistance of Candida cells against thermal stress. This work involves extensive investigations towards understanding the physico-chemical properties of the first TPP enzyme from any yeast strain. The mechanism by which methylation regulates its activity has also been studied. A correlation between regulation of trehalose synthesis and survivability of the organism under thermal stress was established. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: XX–XX, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Enzymatic and Regulatory Attributes of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase fromCandida utilisand its Role During Thermal Stress (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-23
    Print ISSN: 0021-9541
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Structural evolution of monsoon clouds in the Indian CTCZ (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-22
    Description: [1]  Structural evolution of monsoon clouds in the core monsoon region of India has been examined using multi-sensor data. Invigoration of warm clouds above 4.5 km (occurring in only 15.4% days of the last 11 monsoon seasons) is associated with a transition from negative to positive normalized rainfall anomaly. Cloud top pressure reduces with an increase in aerosol optical depth at a higher rate of invigoration in drier condition (characterized by large fraction of absorbing aerosols) than wet condition. Cloud effective radius for warm clouds does not show any significant change with an increase in aerosol concentration in presence of high liquid water path, probably due to strong buffering role of meteorology. The structural evolution of monsoon clouds is influenced by both dynamic and microphysical processes that prolong the cloud lifetime, resulting in infrequent rainfall. Our results call for improved representation of aerosol and cloud vertical structures in the climate models to resolve this issue.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Quantitative analysis of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) datasets using pair-correlation analysis (2012)
    Wiley
    In: BioEssays
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Pointillistic based super-resolution techniques, such as photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), involve multiple cycles of sequential activation, imaging, and precise localization of single fluorescent molecules. A super-resolution image, having nanoscopic structural information, is then constructed by compiling all the image sequences. Because the final image resolution is determined by the localization precision of detected single molecules and their density, accurate image reconstruction requires imaging of biological structures labeled with fluorescent molecules at high density. In such image datasets, stochastic variations in photon emission and intervening dark states lead to uncertainties in identification of single molecules. This, in turn, prevents the proper utilization of the wealth of information on molecular distribution and quantity. A recent strategy for overcoming this problem is pair-correlation analysis applied to PALM. Using rigorous statistical algorithms to estimate the number of detected proteins, this approach allows the spatial organization of molecules to be quantitatively described.
    Print ISSN: 0265-9247
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-1878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 5
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    Phytoplankton blooms detected by SeaWiFS along the central and southern California coast (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-07-07
    Description: The effect of upwelling events, storm water discharge, and local circulation on phytoplankton blooms in the central California and Southern California Bight (SCB) coastal zones was analyzed using 10+ years (1997–2007) of remotely sensed surface chlorophyll concentration (CHL, derived from SeaWiFS ocean color), sea surface temperature, and modeled freshwater discharge. Analysis of variability and factors associated with phytoplankton blooms was conducted using the offshore extension of zones of CHL 〉 5 mg m−3; this method excludes terrestrial interference that complicates the use of ocean color to investigate phytoplankton blooms in coastal waters. In the SCB, blooms were most frequent in spring and associated with the spring transition to an upwelling regime. Along the Central Coast, blooms persisted from spring to autumn during seasonal intensification of upwelling. Offshore CHL extensions showed a significant positive trend during 1997–2007, with maxima in 2000–2001 and 2005–2006 that coincided with higher than normal frequency of upwelling events. Upwelling was found to be a major factor driving phytoplankton blooms, although the standard upwelling index derived from large-scale atmospheric circulation was decoupled from the frequencies of both upwelling events and phytoplankton blooms. Areas of longer residence time associated with natural boundaries between coastal ocean regions had more extensive and persistent blooms. The influence of storm water discharge on offshore CHL extension appeared to be limited to areas in close proximity to major river mouths. These “hot spots” were also co-located with ocean outfalls of Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) discharge and, in some cases, longer residence time of coastal waters.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Divergent Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Siphonarienal, Siphonarienone, and Pectinatone (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-17
    Description: A divergent synthesis of siphonarienal, siphonarienone, and pectinatone has been achieved from a common precursor 4 , which was synthesized by using an enzymatic desymmetrization approach. The major key steps involved were Grignard reaction, Wittig reaction, Evans ' asymmetric alkylation, and base-catalyzed cyclization.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Cardioprotective Role of P38 MAPK During Myocardial Infarction Via Parallel Activation of α-Crystallin B and Nrf2 (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as cardiac cell death due to prolonged ischemia. Although necrotic cell death was considered to be solely responsible for myocyte death during MI, it was recently revealed that apoptosis also plays its part in this death process. Our laboratory has recently shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis is the predominant route for apoptosis during MI and the conventional mitochondrial pathway is bypassed by activation of a small heat shock protein α-crystallin B (CRYAB). Since CRYAB is a direct target of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, we were prompted to check the role of P38 MAPK in 20-week-old male Wister rats immediately after infarct formation. Interestingly, parallel activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway with an increase in ER stress-induced apoptotic load was observed along with decreased activation of CRYAB and Nrf2 (a pro-survival protein activated in response to ER stress) in MI rats treated with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of P38α and P38β compared to the MI alone. As a cumulative effect, this inhibitor treatment also resulted in significant increase in the levels of caspase3 activity and TUNEL positivity, the end point apoptotic markers. Furthermore, SB203580-treated hypoxic adult cardiomyocytes showed formation of desmin aggregates which were previously associated with impaired cardiac function. Thus, this study shows for the first time the precise mechanism by which P38 MAPK plays a pro-survival role and confers protection of cardiomyocytes, during infarct formation. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 8
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    Phase Evolution and Microstructural Studies in CaZrTi2O7–Nd2Ti2O7 System (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-08
    Description: A series of compositions with general stoichiometry Ca 1− x Zr 1− x Nd 2 x Ti 2 O 7 has been prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction of component oxides and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and electron probe for microanalyses (EPMA). The phase fields in CaZrTi 2 O 7 – Nd 2 Ti 2 O 7 system and distribution of ions in different phases have been determined. Four different phase fields, namely monoclinic zirconolite, cubic perovskite, cubic pyrochlore, and monoclinic Nd 2 Ti 2 O 7 structure types are observed in this system. The 4M-polytype of zirconolite structure is stabilized by substitution of Nd 3+ ion. The addition of Nd 3+ ions form a cubic perovskite structure-type phase and thus observed in all the compositions with 0.05 ≤  x  ≤ 0.80. Cubic pyrochlore structure-type phase is observed as a coexisting phase in the nominal composition with 0.20 ≤  x  ≤ 0.90. Only a subtle amounts of Ca 2+ and Zr 4+ are incorporated into the perovskite-type Nd 2 Ti 2 O 7 structure. EPMA analyses on different coexisting phases revealed that the pyrochlore and perovskite phases have Nd 3+ -rich compositions.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Quantitative analysis of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) datasets using pair-correlation analysis (2012)
    Wiley
    In: BioEssays
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-04
    Description: Pointillistic based super-resolution techniques, such as photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), involve multiple cycles of sequential activation, imaging, and precise localization of single fluorescent molecules. A super-resolution image, having nanoscopic structural information, is then constructed by compiling all the image sequences. Because the final image resolution is determined by the localization precision of detected single molecules and their density, accurate image reconstruction requires imaging of biological structures labeled with fluorescent molecules at high density. In such image datasets, stochastic variations in photon emission and intervening dark states lead to uncertainties in identification of single molecules. This, in turn, prevents the proper utilization of the wealth of information on molecular distribution and quantity. A recent strategy for overcoming this problem is pair-correlation analysis applied to PALM. Using rigorous statistical algorithms to estimate the number of detected proteins, this approach allows the spatial organization of molecules to be quantitatively described.
    Print ISSN: 0265-9247
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-1878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 10
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    Vanadium in Borosilicate Glass (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-28
    Description: Understanding the role of V 2 O 5 within borosilicate glass matrices is important for the development of novel matrices toward immobilization of sulfate containing high-level nuclear wastes. Present investigation shows, within sodium barium borosilicate glass matrix V 2 O 5 can be homogeneously added up to 5 mol% and beyond which it separates out into three phases, for example, (i) silica (ii) Barium (Ba) – Vanadium (V) oxide, and (iii) glass matrix. 29 Si MAS NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) studies of the samples show that below 5 mol% V 2 O 5 addition, silicate network is dominantly constituted of Q 2 and Q 3 structural units, whereas above this, the network gets more polymerized through formation of Q 3 and Q 4 units. In case of borate network, 11 B MAS NMR investigations revealed that the concentration of BO 4 [(0B, 4Si)] unit increases gradually up to 5 mol% and then it decreases at the cost of BO 4 [(1B, 3Si)], BO 3 (symmetric) and BO 3 (asymmetric) units. Micro-Raman analyses of the samples showed that with additions of V 2 O 5 in diluted concentrations, amorphous silicate network remained unaltered, whereas some amplification in signals corresponding to ring-type metaborate and VO 5 units exists. It is therefore apparent from both MAS-NMR and micro-Raman studies that with V 2 O 5 additions within the solubility limit (≤5 mol%), borate network gets depolymerized leading to decrease in hardness from an average value of 5.0–4.2 GPa.
    Print ISSN: 0002-7820
    Electronic ISSN: 1551-2916
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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