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    Effects of working-memory training on striatal dopamine release (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: Updating of working memory has been associated with striato-frontal brain regions and phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission. We assessed raclopride binding to striatal dopamine (DA) D2 receptors during a letter-updating task and a control condition before and after 5 weeks of updating training. Results showed that updating affected DA activity before training and that training further increased striatal DA release during updating. These findings highlight the pivotal role of transient neural processes associated with D2 receptor activity in working memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Backman, Lars -- Nyberg, Lars -- Soveri, Anna -- Johansson, Jarkko -- Andersson, Micael -- Dahlin, Erika -- Neely, Anna S -- Virta, Jere -- Laine, Matti -- Rinne, Juha O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):718. doi: 10.1126/science.1204978.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. lars.backman.1@ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Memory, Short-Term ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Raclopride/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*metabolism ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Disease ecology. Ecological and evolutionary effects of fragmentation on infectious disease dynamics (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: Ecological theory predicts that disease incidence increases with increasing density of host networks, yet evolutionary theory suggests that host resistance increases accordingly. To test the combined effects of ecological and evolutionary forces on host-pathogen systems, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of a plant (Plantago lanceolata)-fungal pathogen (Podosphaera plantaginis)relationship for 12 years in over 4000 host populations. Disease prevalence at the metapopulation level was low, with high annual pathogen extinction rates balanced by frequent (re-)colonizations. Highly connected host populations experienced less pathogen colonization and higher pathogen extinction rates than expected; a laboratory assay confirmed that this phenomenon was caused by higher levels of disease resistance in highly connected host populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jousimo, Jussi -- Tack, Ayco J M -- Ovaskainen, Otso -- Mononen, Tommi -- Susi, Hanna -- Tollenaere, Charlotte -- Laine, Anna-Liisa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1289-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1253621.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. ; Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. ; Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. anna-liisa.laine@helsinki.fi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ascomycota/*pathogenicity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecological and Environmental Processes ; Extinction, Biological ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Plantago/*microbiology ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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