ALBERT

Description: The selection of metrics for ecosystem restoration programs is critical for improving the quality of monitoring programs and characterizing project success. Moreover it is oftentimes very difficult to balance the importance of multiple ecological, social, and economical metrics. Metric selection process is a complex and must simultaneously take into account monitoring data, environmental models, socio-economic considerations, and stakeholder interests. We propose multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods, broadly defined, for the selection of optimal sets of metrics to enhance evaluation of ecosystem restoration alternatives. Two MCDA methods, a multiattribute utility analysis (MAUT), and a probabilistic multicriteria acceptability analysis (ProMAA), are applied and compared for a hypothetical case study of a river restoration involving multiple stakeholders. Overall, the MCDA results in a systematic, unbiased, and transparent solution, informing restoration alternatives evaluation. The two methods provide comparable results in terms of selected metrics. However, because ProMAA can consider probability distributions for weights and utility values of metrics for each criteria, it is suggested as the best option if data uncertainty is high. Despite the increase in complexity in the metric selection process, MCDA improves upon the current ad-hoc decision practice based on the consultations with stakeholders and experts, and encourages transparent and quantitative aggregation of data and judgement, increasing the transparency of decision making in restoration projects. We believe that MCDA can enhance the overall sustainability of ecosystem by enhancing both ecological and societal needs.

Description: During the course of the 1997 drilling campaign, lithostratigraphic boundaries were assigned to the CRP-l core on the basis of perceived changes in lithology. The geologically most important boundary in the core, between the Miocene and overlying Quaternary sections, was placed at 43.55 mbsf. This horizon was described in the core logs (Cape Roberts Science Team, 1998) as a contact between muddy, finegrained sandstone (which were assigned a Lower Miocene age based on diatom biostratigsaphy) and overlying diamictons containing Quaternary diatoms. This boundary is a major unconformity, recognisable on seismic reflection records. As such, it has considerable significance in the ongoing scientific analysis of the drillcore. During a re-examination of the core, focusing on the archive half held at the Antarctic Geology Research Facility of the Florida State University at Tallahassee; the authors noted that the core across the published boundary (43.55 mbsf) did not show any lithological change, but logged a sharp contact between dark olive grey, muddy sandstone and overlying diamicton at 43.15 mbsf (Fig. l). We suggest, therefore, that the core log in appendix l of Cape Roberts Science Team (1998) is misleading over this interval. In order to test the veracity of the suggested boundary revision, a series of thin-sections was examined and point-counted for framework grain abundances.

Description: A composite North Atlantic record from DSDP Site 609 and IODP Site U1308 spans the past 300,000 years and shows that variability within the penultimate glaciation differed substantially from that of the surrounding two glaciations. Hematite stained grains exhibit similar repetitive down-core variations within the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8 and 4-2 intervals, but little cyclic variability within the MIS 6 section. There is also no petrologic evidence, in terms of detrital carbonate-rich (Heinrich) layers, for surging of the Laurentide Ice Sheet through the Hudson Strait during MIS 6. Rather, very high background concentration of ice-rafted debris (IRD) indicates near continuous glacial meltwater input that likely increased thermohaline disruption sensitivity to relatively weak forcing events, such as expanded sea ice over deepwater formation sites. Altered (sub)tropical precipitation patterns and Antarctic warming during high orbital precession and low 65° N summer insolation appears related to high abundance of Icelandic glass shards and southward sea ice expansion. Differing European and North American ice sheet configurations, perhaps aided by larger variations in eccentricity leading to cooler summers, may have contributed to the relative stability of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the Hudson Strait region during MIS 6.