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  • 1
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    Radio Galaxy Zoo: discovery of a poor cluster through a giant wide-angle tail radio galaxy (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-14
    Description: We have discovered a previously unreported poor cluster of galaxies (RGZ-CL J0823.2+0333) through an unusual giant wide-angle tail radio galaxy found in the Radio Galaxy Zoo project. We obtained a spectroscopic redshift of z = 0.0897 for the E0-type host galaxy, 2MASX J08231289+0333016, leading to M r = –22.6 and a 1.4 GHz radio luminosity density of L 1.4 = 5.5 x 10 24  W Hz –1 . These radio and optical luminosities are typical for wide-angle tailed radio galaxies near the borderline between Fanaroff–Riley classes I and II. The projected largest angular size of 8 arcmin corresponds to 800 kpc and the full length of the source along the curved jets/trails is 1.1 Mpc in projection. X-ray data from the XMM–Newton archive yield an upper limit on the X-ray luminosity of the thermal emission surrounding RGZ J082312.9+033301 at 1.2–2.6 x 10 43  erg s –1 for assumed intracluster medium temperatures of 1.0–5.0 keV. Our analysis of the environment surrounding RGZ J082312.9+033301 indicates that RGZ J082312.9+033301 lies within a poor cluster. The observed radio morphology suggests that (a) the host galaxy is moving at a significant velocity with respect to an ambient medium like that of at least a poor cluster, and that (b) the source may have had two ignition events of the active galactic nucleus with 10 7 yr in between. This reinforces the idea that an association between RGZ J082312.9+033301 and the newly discovered poor cluster exists.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Signaling via cGMP diffusion through gap junctions [Physiology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-29
    Description: Meiosis in mammalian oocytes is paused until luteinizing hormone (LH) activates receptors in the mural granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle. Prior work has established the central role of cyclic GMP (cGMP) from the granulosa cells in maintaining meiotic arrest, but it is not clear how binding of LH to...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Radio galaxies in ZFOURGE/NMBS: no difference in the properties of massive galaxies with and without radio-AGN out to z = 2.25 (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
    Description: In order to reproduce the high-mass end of the galaxy mass distribution, some process must be responsible for the suppression of star formation in the most massive of galaxies. Commonly active galactic nuclei (AGN) are invoked to fulfil this role, but the exact means by which they do so is still the topic of much debate, with studies finding evidence for both the suppression and enhancement of star formation in AGN hosts. Using the ZFOURGE (FourStar Galaxy Evolution) and NMBS (Newfirm Medium Band Survey) galaxy surveys, we investigate the host galaxy properties of a mass-limited ( M ≥ 10 10.5 M ), high-luminosity ( L 1.4 〉 10 24 W Hz –1 ) sample of radio-loud AGN to a redshift of z  = 2.25. In contrast to low-redshift studies, which associate radio-AGN activity with quiescent hosts, we find that the majority of z 〉 1.5 radio-AGN are hosted by star-forming galaxies. Indeed, the stellar populations of radio-AGN are found to evolve with redshift in a manner that is consistent with the non-AGN mass-similar galaxy population. Interestingly, we find that the radio-AGN fraction is constant across a redshift range of 0.25 ≤ z 〈 2.25, perhaps indicating that the radio-AGN duty cycle has little dependence on redshift or galaxy type. We do however see a strong relation between the radio-AGN fraction and stellar mass, with radio-AGN becoming rare below ~10 10.5 M or a halo mass of 10 12 M . This halo-mass threshold is in good agreement with simulations that initiate radio-AGN feedback at this mass limit. Despite this, we find that radio-AGN host star formation rates are consistent with the non-AGN mass-similar galaxy sample, suggesting that while radio-AGN are in the right place to suppress star formation in massive galaxies they are not necessarily responsible for doing so.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Evidence for climate change in the satellite cloud record (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Evidence for climate change in the satellite cloud record Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18273 Authors: Joel R. Norris, Robert J. Allen, Amato T. Evan, Mark D. Zelinka, Christopher W. O’Dell & Stephen A. Klein Clouds substantially affect Earth’s energy budget by reflecting solar radiation back to space and by restricting emission of thermal radiation to space. They are perhaps the largest uncertainty in our understanding of climate change, owing to disagreement among climate models and observational datasets over what cloud changes have occurred during recent decades and will occur in response to global warming. This is because observational systems originally designed for monitoring weather have lacked sufficient stability to detect cloud changes reliably over decades unless they have been corrected to remove artefacts. Here we show that several independent, empirically corrected satellite records exhibit large-scale patterns of cloud change between the 1980s and the 2000s that are similar to those produced by model simulations of climate with recent historical external radiative forcing. Observed and simulated cloud change patterns are consistent with poleward retreat of mid-latitude storm tracks, expansion of subtropical dry zones, and increasing height of the highest cloud tops at all latitudes. The primary drivers of these cloud changes appear to be increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and a recovery from volcanic radiative cooling. These results indicate that the cloud changes most consistently predicted by global climate models are currently occurring in nature.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    0Observed Variations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Stratocumulus over a Warm Eddy in the Kuroshio Extension (2019)
    American Meteorological Society (AMS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Monthly Weather Review, Ahead of Print. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0027-0644
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0493
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 6
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    Climate, Vol. 6, Pages 62: Changes in Earth’s Energy Budget during and after the “Pause” in Global Warming: An Observational Perspective (2018)
    MDPI
    In: Climate
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: This study examines changes in Earth’s energy budget during and after the global warming “pause” (or “hiatus”) using observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System. We find a marked 0.83 ± 0.41 Wm−2 reduction in global mean reflected shortwave (SW) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) flux during the three years following the hiatus that results in an increase in net energy into the climate system. A partial radiative perturbation analysis reveals that decreases in low cloud cover are the primary driver of the decrease in SW TOA flux. The regional distribution of the SW TOA flux changes associated with the decreases in low cloud cover closely matches that of sea-surface temperature warming, which shows a pattern typical of the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Large reductions in clear-sky SW TOA flux are also found over much of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in the northern hemisphere. These are associated with a reduction in aerosol optical depth consistent with stricter pollution controls in China and North America. A simple energy budget framework is used to show that TOA radiation (particularly in the SW) likely played a dominant role in driving the marked increase in temperature tendency during the post-hiatus period.
    Electronic ISSN: 2225-1154
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by MDPI
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  • 7
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    Reducing the uncertainty in subtropical cloud feedback (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-16
    Description: Large uncertainty remains on how subtropical clouds will respond to anthropogenic climate change and therefore whether they will act as a positive feedback that amplifies global warming or negative feedback that dampens global warming by altering Earth's energy budget. Here, we reduce this uncertainty using an observationally constrained formulation of the response of subtropical clouds to greenhouse forcing. The observed interannual sensitivity of cloud solar reflection to varying meteorological conditions suggests that increasing sea-surface temperature and atmospheric stability in the future climate will have largely cancelling effects on subtropical cloudiness, overall leading to a weak positive shortwave cloud feedback (0.4±0.9 W m -2 K -1 ). The uncertainty of this observationally based approximation of the cloud feedback is narrower than the inter-model spread of the feedback produced by climate models. Subtropical cloud changes will therefore complement positive cloud feedbacks identified by previous work, suggesting that future global cloud changes will amplify global warming.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Climate, Vol. 6, Pages 62: Changes in Earth’s Energy Budget during and after the “Pause” in Global Warming: An Observational Perspective (2018)
    MDPI
    In: Climate
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-12
    Description: Climate, Vol. 6, Pages 62: Changes in Earth’s Energy Budget during and after the “Pause” in Global Warming: An Observational Perspective Climate doi: 10.3390/cli6030062 Authors: Norman G. Loeb Tyler J. Thorsen Joel R. Norris Hailan Wang Wenying Su This study examines changes in Earth’s energy budget during and after the global warming “pause” (or “hiatus”) using observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System. We find a marked 0.83 ± 0.41 Wm−2 reduction in global mean reflected shortwave (SW) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) flux during the three years following the hiatus that results in an increase in net energy into the climate system. A partial radiative perturbation analysis reveals that decreases in low cloud cover are the primary driver of the decrease in SW TOA flux. The regional distribution of the SW TOA flux changes associated with the decreases in low cloud cover closely matches that of sea-surface temperature warming, which shows a pattern typical of the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Large reductions in clear-sky SW TOA flux are also found over much of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans in the northern hemisphere. These are associated with a reduction in aerosol optical depth consistent with stricter pollution controls in China and North America. A simple energy budget framework is used to show that TOA radiation (particularly in the SW) likely played a dominant role in driving the marked increase in temperature tendency during the post-hiatus period.
    Electronic ISSN: 2225-1154
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by MDPI
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  • 9
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    Microtubule minus-end aster organization is driven by processive HSET-tubulin clusters (2018)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-10
    Description: Microtubule minus-end aster organization is driven by processive HSET-tubulin clusters Microtubule minus-end aster organization is driven by processive HSET-tubulin clusters, Published online: 09 July 2018; doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04991-2 Microtubules (MT) form higher-order structures such as asters, but the molecular pathway underlying aster formation remains unclear. Here authors demonstrate that the kinesin-14, HSET, clusters with soluble (nonMT) tubulin via its N-terminal tail domain and thereby promotes MT aster formation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Is the net cloud radiative effect constrained to be uniform over the tropical warm pools? (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Global radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations are used to investigate the hypothesis that mutual interactions among cloud albedo, sea surface temperature gradients, and atmospheric circulation constrain the net cloud radiative effect (CRE) to be similar in convective and non‐convective regions over the tropical warm pools. We perform an experiment in which convective clouds interact naturally with the ocean and atmosphere by forming over the warmest water and shading it, and an experiment in which this interaction is removed by randomizing cloud shading of the ocean. Removing the cloud shading interaction enhances sea surface temperature gradients, lateral atmospheric heat transport, and large‐scale convective aggregation and produces convective clouds with much more negative net CRE. These findings support the hypothesis that feedbacks between sea surface temperature and convection are critical to obtaining similar net CRE in convective and non‐convective regions over the tropical warm pools.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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