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  • 1
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and lobate order. Mnemiopsis leidyi first appear in the Black Sea in 1980s and reached to the biomass levels up to 1.5-2 kg m2 in the summer of 1989. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton and phytoplankton started from July to December 2002 from a total of 2 stations located Anzali and Khazarabad by METU net in the Iranian Coasts of the Caspian Sea. Experimental studies on Mnemiopsis have indicated that Mnemiopsis begins to produce eggs in the Caspian Sea, when it reaches length about 15 mm. Although eggs were obtained even from specimen with 12 mm length and weight of 0.5 g. The most abundant size of reproducing Mnemiopsis was 20-30 mm in the Caspian Sea. Average fecundity of M.leidyi in the Caspian Sea was 1174±741 eggs/day with maximum 2824 eggs/day for specimens with length group of 30-39 mm and the weight about 2.0-2.7 g. Percentage of hatched eggs was not high in experiments with M.leidyi the range from 9 to 92 % after 24 hours. The maximum produce egg of M.leidyi measured with mean 845±733 eggs/day in Salinity of 11 ppt and the minimum egg recorded with mean 2 eggs/day in salinity of 4 ppt. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different months and its maximum biomass was recorded in August with a figure of 384±156 g.m2 and the minimum biomass was observed in December with a figure of 87±46 g.m2. The gut contents of Mnemiopsis leidyi showed a wide variety of prey including 84 % of zooplanktons and 16% of Phytoplanktons. The most abundance of intaked foods was Acartia (belong to Copepoda) with 34 % and the least was podon polyphemoides (belongs to Cladocera) with 0.74 %. Also 3.0 % of fish eggs and 4.2 % of Lamllibrachia were found among stomach contents. The young specimen (5〈 mm) consumed more zooplanktons and phytoplanktons comparing to adult ones. Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Fecundity of Mnemiopsis showed correlation to the length and wet weight in the Caspian Sea and reproduction of M.leidyi was done small size in comparing with other area in the Caspian Sea. Salinity, water temperature and food availability is the most important factor in producing eggs in M.leidyi. It seems, that Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been one of the most important factor in declining zooplankton populations and Clupeonella stocks.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Experimental ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Diet ; Reproduction ; Species ; Ctenophore ; Phylum ; Biomass ; Pelagic fishes ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplanktons ; Copepoda ; Cladocera ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Comb jellie
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 45pp.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A comprehensive hydrobiological and hydrological investigation conducted in Anzali lagoon from 1997 to 2000. During this study, a total of 5 phylum and 62 genera of phytoplanktons and 10 phylum and 50 genera of zooplankton were identified. The results showed that for phytoplanktons the abundance of Cyanophyta, Chrysophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta and Pyrrophyta were calculated 61.8%, 29.1%, 8.2% 0.7% and 0.2%, respectively. The most abundance of zooplankton belongs to Rotatoria (60.8%), after that other group of zooplankton had more abundance consist of Copepoda and its nauplii (17.2%), Ciliophora (9.6%) and Rhizopoda (6.6%). Other zooplanktons had very few abundance. According to obtained results, western region of lagoon (Abkenar) is a rich region of planktons in which the most dominant phylum of phytoplanktons was from Cyanophyta with genera of Oscillatoria, Anabaenopsis, Microcystis. The most abundance of zooplanktons were genera of Polyarthra, Brachionus and Keratella and from Arthropoda phylum, the most abundance genus was found Cyclops and its nauplii. The Planktonic study indicated that Anzali lagoon is one of the richest lagoon in Iran with high production and potential water for feeding of fishes and their larva.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrobiological ; Hydrological ; Planktons ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Phylum ; Genera ; Cyanophyta ; Chrysophyta ; Chlorophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Pyrrophyta ; Abundance ; Distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.87-114
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In 1999 Mnemiopsis leidyi was introduced to the Caspian Sea from the Black Sea with ballast waters from the ships. The comprehensive study on probability of controlling Caspian Sea invasive Ctenophora planned after a remarkable of decreeing in Kilka fish catches stocks and fisheris community problems. This study focus on reproduction experiments of Beroe ovata as the best candidate for control of Mnemiopsis population size in the Caspian Sea that was preformed in Turkey and Iran during 2002-2003. At 2002, 87 specimens of B. ovata, 10-50 mm transferred to Caspian sea ecology research center from Marmareh sea where acclimated with Caspian sea water gradually. At 2003, experiments were performed near to Black sea (at Sinop) with freshly collected Beroe ovata, 40-65 mm size in three salinity level treatment, the Black sea water 18 , Mixed water 15 and Caspian water 12 . 130 individuals of Beroe ovata were brought from Sinop (Turkey) to Iran during 2003. A number of Beroe specimens were sent to Guilan province for reproduction studies and another part were sent to Mazandaran province for both reproduction and mesocosem studies. For control we had 1 Beroe, length 30 mm in the Black Sea water that was alive during of study in Iran. The Jars were examined each day for ova and larvae and they were collected and put into glass container of Caspian water for hatching and developing survey, some of them were left without any handling for larvae developing. Also in another experiment the eggs collected from jars were placed in the same three treatments for studying of growth and survival. The results were unsuccessful on propagation experiments at 2002 since the spawning and hatching rates were very low (20 ova) and, none of the larvae developed into adults in Caspian Sea water. The spawning was more in Marmareh sea water with 138 ova where only 7 larvae was hatched. Results showed that Beroe specimens is able to survive and reproduce in Caspian water but was not as well as Black Sea also the Beroe larvae growth rate is low in the Caspian Sea water. Maximum fecundity of Beroe individual was 2212 and 235 ovae in Caspian sea water in site Sinop and Iran respectively. Results showed 34-100% eggs in Caspian sea water were destroyed and did not develop. In Iran we obtained only one larvae with 5 mm length, other larvae were at different stages of development but most of them were 1.2 2 mm. The results of mesocosm survey showed most of ova and larvae have been obtained from the tanks where individuals B. ovata were with Mnemiopsis. Fecundity of Beroe in the control with Black Sea water were between 17 to 1879 with average of 828 ± 112 ova. The poor results of B. ovata reproduction obtained in this survey in Caspian sea may be due to transportation and acclimation stress and low salinity of Caspian Sea water.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Beroe ovata ; Survival ; Growth ; Comprehensive ; Laboratory
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 85pp.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A Comprehensive hydrobiological and hydrological investigation was conducted on Hevigh River, west of Guilan Province from 2001 to 2002. Totally, 4 Phyla of phytoplanktons including 21 genera were observed. The maximum phytoplankton density belonged to the Phylum Chrysophyta with genera, Nitzchia, Diatoma, Cocconeis, Navicula and Cymbella comprising 95.7% of the phytoplankton population throughout the year. Chlorophyta ranked second with genera Scenedesmus, Cruciginia and Anicistrodesmus, comprising 2.20% of the population during the year. Cyanophyta with Oscillatoria and Euglenophyta with Euglena consisted the remaining few percents of the phytoplankton population. Zooplankton population in Hevigh River was found to be very poor, and mostly belonged to Protozoa and Rotatoria. However, 4 Phyla and 12 genera of zooplanktons were distinguished in the River the highest density of which belonged to Protozoa with genera Amelia, Difflugia, Cyphoderia and Euglypha, comprising 64% of the total population. Rotatoria with genera Keratella, Cephalodella, Lecane and Rotaria, consisted 14% of the zooplankton population during the year. Arthropoda, Nematoda, Tardigrada were very low in numbers.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Zooplanktons ; Phytoplanktons ; Nitzchia ; Diatoma ; Cocconeis ; Hydrobiological ; Hydrological ; Population
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.75-86
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Phytoplankton groups are very important producers in the Anzali wetland having a significant role in the quality and need to be constantly studied in term of their sequence and density. This survey was conducted at 6 stations between March 2011 and February 2012. According to the results, 67 different genera (22 Bacillariophyta, 26 Chlorophyta, 9 Cyanobacteria, 5 Cryptophyta, 1 Euglenophyta, 2 Chrysophyta, 1Dinoflgellata and 1 Xanthophyta) were identified .Most observed in Sorkhankol and Karkan stations with the annual average of 24.4±5.6 and 20.4± 5.4 cells/ liter respectively. The Bacillariophyta particularly Cyclotella was dominant in all of the stations, but high abundance of Cyanobacteria in Karkan station from July to mid-Octobercaused the annual average of this phylum to be more than Bacillariophyta. The highest and lowest phytoplankton abundances were observed in September and December, respectively.The number of phytoplankton genera and diversity in this study were less than previous studies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Bacillariophyta ; Chlorophyta ; Cyanobacteria ; Euglenophyta ; Cyclotella ; Phytoplankton ; Diversity ; Abundance ; Population ; Structure
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.105-118
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and Lobate order. It is a purely marine, free-swimming animal with a transparent jelly-like walnut-shaped body, which was transported from the Black Sea into Caspian possibly at the end of 1990s. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton, phytoplankton was conducted from December 2003 to March 2005, from a total of 11 stations located along four transects (Anzali , Khazarabad, Tourkman and Gorgan Bay) by METU net in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Clupeonella catch was done by light fishing with fishing vessel in Anzali region. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different seasons and its maximum biomass was recorded in summer with a figure of 524.4±156.2 g.m2 Tourkman region and the minimum biomass was observed in winter with a figure of 5.15±1.81 g.m2 in Anzali region. Study of stomach of Mnemiopsis showed, that Acartia (belonged of Copepoda with 66 %), lamlibranchia (13 %) has the highest frequency and the lowest were Balanus nauplii, Rotatoria, Tintinnopsis and Podon polyphemoides. The maximum mean abundance of zooplankton was 29368±24318 n.m3 in winter (Anzali region) and the minimum was recorded 4170±5014 n.m3 in summer (Tourkman region). Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Chrysophyta with 150000000±440000000 n.m3 and Euglenophyta with 260000±521000 n.m3 had the highest and the lowest frequency respectively in the Caspian Sea. The main foods of Clupeonella were Acartia with 80 %. The survey of stomach of Clupeonella showed that the feeding of these species was not good and the highest fullness index was recorded 220.95±314.67. These results showed, the main food item of Ctenophora and Clupeonella were Copepoda (Acartia). It seems, the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been the important factor in declining zooplankton populations, Clupeonella stocks, and also increasing of phytoplankton abundance.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ctenophora ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Diet ; Species ; Phylum ; Pelagic fishes ; Sampling ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Acartia ; Ctenophora ; Population ; Abundance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 53pp.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mnemiosis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophora phylum and Lobata order. Mnemiopsis leidyi first appear in the Black Sea in 1980s and reached to the biomass levels up to 1.5-2 kg m2 in the Summer of 1989. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophora caused the dramatic decrease of zooplonkton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnmiopsis leidyi, zooplankton and phytoplankton started from July to December 2002 from a total of 2 stations located Anzali and Khazarabad by METU net in the Iranian Coasts of the Caspian Sea. Experimental studies on Mnemiopsis have indicated that Mnemiopsis begins to produce eggs in the Caspian Sea, when it reaches length about 15 mm. Although eggs were obtained even from specimen with 12 mm length and weight of 0.5 g. The most abundant size of reproducing Mnemiopsis was 20-30 mm in the Caspian Sea. Average fecundity of M.leidyi in the Caspian Sea was 1174±741 eggs/day with maximum 2824 eggs/day for specimens with length group of 30-39 mm and the weight about 2.0-2.7 g. Percentage of hatched eggs was not high in experiments with M.leidyi the range from 9 to 92 % after 24 hours. The maximum produce egg of M.leidyi measured with mean 845±733 eggs/day in Salinity of 11 ppt and the minimum egg recorded with mean 2 eggs/day in salinity of 4 ppt. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different months and its maximum biomass was recorded in August with a figure of 384±156 g.m2 and the minimum biomass was observed in December with a figure of 87±46 g.m2 . The gut contents of Mnemiopsis leidyi showed a wide variety of prey including 84 % of zooplanktons and 16% of Phytoplanktons.The most abundance of intaked foods was Acartia (belong to Copepoda ) with 34 % and the least was podon polyphemoides (belongs to Cladocera) with 0.74 %. Also 3.0 % of fish eggs and 4.2 % of Lamllibrachia were found among stomach contents.The young specimen (5〈 mm) consumed more zooplanktons and phytoplanktons comparing to adult ones. Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian sea. Fecundity of Mnemiopsis showed correlation to the length and wet weight in the Caspian Sea and reprodaction of M.leidyi was done small size in comparing with other area in the Caspian Sea. Salinity, water temperature and food availability is the most important factor in producing eggs in M.leidyi. It seems, that Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been one of the most important factor in declining zoolankton populations and Clupeonella stocks.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Diet ; Reproduction ; Species ; Ctenophora phylum ; Lobata ; Biomass ; Pelagic ; Ctenophora ; Zooplonkton ; Acartia ; Copepoda ; Podon polyphemoides ; Cladocera ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Clupeonella
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 45pp.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Anzali wetland is one of the most important places for spawning fishes and zooplankton groups are the first consumer in this ecosystem . they are the perfect food for the larvae of fishes. Zooplankton status was evaluated in 6 stations of different areas of the Anzali wetland during March 2011 to February 2012. Sampling was done by tube (PVC) and passing through of 30 micron planktonic net. The samples were identified and counted by invert microscope. According to the results were identified 60 Genus and 6 phylum (11, 31, 10, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 genus of phylum Protozoa, Rotatoria, Arthropoda, Gastrotricha, Mollusca, Tardigrada, Nematoda, Porifera, Annelida) respectively. The results showed that the maximum annual average density of zooplankton was observed with 2497 number per litre in Karkan station and the population was more in the summer than in other seasons. Phylum of Rotatoria,, protozoa and superclass Copepoda formed 48, 45 and 6percent of the density espectively. According to the results the populationof zooplankton did not change much compared to past studies, excluding Protozoa but the diversity of all zooplankton groupe are declined very much. According to the statistical analysis Kruskal Wallis are not significant differences between density of zooplankton in different stations, months and seasons (p 〉 0.05),but significant differences were found in different phylum together (p 〈 0.05).
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Zooplankton ; Density ; Diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 48pp.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The ecological study of the Persian Gulf Martyres Lake carried out at the 5 stations between 2013 and 2014. This study identified 35 phytoplankton taxa. The diatoms taxa was dominated and their abundance recorded highest (2000 000 cell. l-1) in the lake. The annual phytoplankton abundance was measured as 2500 000 cell. l-1 during the study. The total nitrogen and water temperature were the significant a biotic parameters to increase cyanophytes abundance. Furthermore, 37 zooplankton taxa were identified. The Rotatoria abundance was dominated zooplankton. The annual zooplankton abundance was measured as 72 ind.l-1. Based on the CCA, there was no correlation between Rotatoria abundance and a biotic parameters. The study benthos showed Ephemeroptera and Diptera abundance were dominated; artificial bottom and lack of sediment and organic matters were the main reasons in decreasing of the benthos density. The Chitgar lake is the poorest lake in Iran due to low density of plankton and benthos organisms. The estimation of fish production was 123 kg/ha and for the lake was determaind 16 tonne. The finding display, invasive species was the main fish Chitgar lake that would be negative effect and increase eutriphication trend in the lake. Phosphorus parameter was limited parameters and trophy level recorded low due to high N/P ration in the lake. In overall the Chitgar lake situation is in Oligotrophic category with the low trophy level.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecological ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthose ; Trophy ; Abundance ; Nitrogen ; Temperature
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 92pp.
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