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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-06-03
    Description: DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is an important epigenetic regulator common to virtually all mammalian cell types, but recent evidence indicates that during early postnatal development neuronal genomes also accumulate uniquely high levels of two alternative forms of methylation, non-CpG methylation and hydroxymethylation. Here we discuss the distinct landscape of...
    Keywords: Epigenetic Changes in the Developing Brain: Effects on Behavior Sackler Colloquium
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-10-19
    Description: The middle Miocene climate transition (MMCT) is characterized by an abrupt 1 increase in benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes at ca. 13.8 Ma, marking expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and transition of Earth’s climate to a cooler, relatively stable glacial state. Also occurring during this period is a globally recognized positive carbon isotope excursion (16.9–13.5 Ma) in benthic and planktonic foraminifera with shorter carbon isotope maxima (CM) events, linking hypotheses for climate change at the time with the carbon cycle. In order to test whether export production in the eastern equatorial Pacific is related to the largest such event (CM6), coincident with Antarctic Ice Sheet expansion, a high-resolution (〈5 k.y.) record of export production at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1337 spanning the MMCT (14.02–13.43 Ma) was produced using marine pelagic barite mass accumulation rates. Export production is elevated with an extended period of more than double present-day values. These variations are not orbitally paced and provide evidence for a reorganization of nutrients supplied to the eastern equatorial Pacific in the Miocene and intensification of upwelling. If such changes are representative of the entire region, then this mechanism could sequester enough carbon to have a significant effect on atmospheric p CO 2 . However, continual delivery of nutrients to the surface waters of the eastern equatorial Pacific is required in order to sustain export production without depleting the surface ocean of limiting nutrients. This might be accomplished by a change in ocean circulation or a combination of other processes requiring further study.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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