Publication Date:
2016-09-23
Description:
A global analysis of Latent Heat Flux (LHF) sensitivity to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is performed, with focus on the tropics and the North Indian Ocean (NIO). Sensitivity of LHF state variables (wind speed (Ws) and vertical humidity gradients (Δq)) to SST give rise to mutually interacting dynamical (Ws-driven) and thermodynamical (Δq-driven) coupled feedbacks. Generally, LHF sensitivity to SST is pronounced over tropics where SST increase causes Ws (Δq) changes, resulting in a maximum decrease (increase) of LHF by ~15W/m2/°C. But Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) remain an exception that is opposite to the global feedback relationship. This uniqueness is attributed to strong seasonality in monsoon Ws and Δq variations which brings in warm (cold) continental airmass into BoB and NAS during summer (winter), producing large seasonal cycle in air-sea temperature difference (ΔT, and hence on Δq). In other tropical oceans, surface air is mostly of marine origin and blows from colder to warmer waters, resulting in a constant ΔT~1°C throughout the year, and hence a constant Δq. Thus unlike other basins, when BoB and NAS are warming, air temperature warms faster than SST. The resultant decrease in ΔT and Δq contributes to decrease the LHF with increased SST, contrary to other basins. Our analysis suggests that in NIO, LHF variability is largely controlled by thermodynamic processes, which peak during the monsoon period. These observed LHF sensitivities are then used to speculate how the surface energetics and coupled feedbacks may change in a warmer world.
Print ISSN:
0894-8755
Electronic ISSN:
1520-0442
Topics:
Geography
,
Geosciences
,
Physics
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