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  • 2015-2019  (4)
  • 1
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    Road noise causes earlier predator detection and flight response in a free-ranging mammal (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-20
    Description: Increasing scientific evidence shows that anthropogenic noise can impact behavioral, demographic, and community-level processes across a range of taxa—presenting a serious conservation challenge. Given the direct link between antipredator behavior and fitness, it is important to explore the impacts of noise on vigilance and flight. To do this, we conducted playback experiments to test whether noise distracts wild black-tailed prairie dogs from attending to an approaching predator or whether increased noise exposure led to heightened vigilance and responsiveness. Contrary to the "distracted prey hypothesis," prairie dogs responded at greater distances to the approaching human "predator" and took flight more rapidly in noise than during the quieter control. Greater vigilance is likely to be a function of increased perceived threat as opposed to distraction, enabling the prairie dogs to evade predators sooner. However, there are energetic and potential fitness costs associated with heightened vigilance and flight, including the loss of foraging opportunities. Interestingly, the reactiveness of the prairie dogs to the approaching observer increased over the course of the study, but there was no apparent change in their responses to other humans using the natural area. This may reflect their impressive cognitive abilities that enable discrimination between different predators—even human observers. Our findings emphasize that the complex biological responses to anthropogenic noise are dependent on the biology of the species as well as the acoustic characteristics of the noise source.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Landscape and anthropogenic features influence the use of auditory vigilance by mule deer (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-30
    Description: While visual forms of vigilance behavior and their relationship with predation risk have been broadly examined, animals also employ other vigilance modalities such as auditory vigilance by listening for the acoustic cues of predators. Similar to the tradeoffs associated with visual vigilance, auditory behavior potentially structures the energy budgets and behavior of animals. The cryptic nature of auditory vigilance makes it difficult to study, but on-animal acoustical monitoring has rapidly advanced our ability to investigate behaviors and conditions related to sound. We utilized this technique to investigate the ways external stimuli in an active natural gas development field affect periodic pausing by mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) within bouts of rumination-based mastication. To better understand the ecological properties that structure this behavior, we investigate spatial and temporal factors related to these pauses to determine if results are consistent with our hypothesis that pausing is used for auditory vigilance. We found that deer paused more when in forested cover and at night, where visual vigilance was likely to be less effective. Additionally, deer paused more in areas of moderate background sound levels, though responses to anthropogenic features were less clear. Our results suggest that pauses during rumination represent a form of auditory vigilance that is responsive to landscape variables. Further exploration of this behavior can facilitate a more holistic understanding of risk perception and the costs associated with vigilance behavior.
    Print ISSN: 1045-2249
    Electronic ISSN: 1465-7279
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Noise pollution is pervasive in U.S. protected areas (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-05
    Description: Anthropogenic noise threatens ecological systems, including the cultural and biodiversity resources in protected areas. Using continental-scale sound models, we found that anthropogenic noise doubled background sound levels in 63% of U.S. protected area units and caused a 10-fold or greater increase in 21%, surpassing levels known to interfere with human visitor experience and disrupt wildlife behavior, fitness, and community composition. Elevated noise was also found in critical habitats of endangered species, with 14% experiencing a 10-fold increase in sound levels. However, protected areas with more stringent regulations had less anthropogenic noise. Our analysis indicates that noise pollution in protected areas is closely linked with transportation, development, and extractive land use, providing insight into where mitigation efforts can be most effective.
    Keywords: Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    3D Printing of Large Areas of Highly Ordered Submicron Patterns for Modulating Cell Behavior (2019)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-03
    Print ISSN: 1944-8244
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8252
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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