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  • Hindawi  (606)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2015-2019  (607)
  • 1
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    Decomposition and Mineralization of Dimethyl Phthalate in an Aqueous Solution by Wet Oxidation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-06
    Beschreibung: Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was treated via wet oxygen oxidation process (WOP). The decomposition efficiency of DMP and mineralization efficiency of total organic carbons were measured to evaluate the effects of operation parameters on the performance of WOP. The results revealed that reaction temperature is the most affecting factor, with a higher offering higher and as expected. The increases as rotating speed increases from 300 to 500 rpm with stirring enhancement of gas liquid mass transfer. However, it exhibits reduction effect at 700 rpm due to purging of dissolved oxygen by overstirring. Regarding the effects of pressure , a higher provides more oxygen for the forward reaction with DMP, while overhigh increases the absorption of gaseous products such as CO2 and decomposes short-chain hydrocarbon fragments back into the solution thus hindering the forward reaction. For the tested of 2.41 to 3.45 MPa, the results indicated that 2.41 MPa is appropriate. A longer reaction time of course gives better performance. At 500 rpm, 483 K, 2.41 MPa, and 180 min, the and are 93 and 36%, respectively.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Adsorption Removal of Environmental Hormones of Dimethyl Phthalate Using Novel Magnetic Adsorbent (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-17
    Beschreibung: Magnetic polyvinyl alcohol adsorbent M-PVAL was employed to remove and concentrate dimethyl phthalate DMP. The M-PVAL was prepared after sequential syntheses of magnetic Fe3O4 (M) and polyvinyl acetate (M-PVAC). The saturated magnetizations of M, M-PVAC, and M-PVAL are 57.2, 26.0, and 43.2 emu g−1 with superparamagnetism, respectively. The average size of M-PVAL by number is 0.75 μm in micro size. Adsorption experiments include three cases: (1) adjustment of initial pH (pH0) of solution to 5, (2) no adjustment of pH0 with value in 6.04–6.64, and (3) adjusted pH0 = 7. The corresponding saturated amounts of adsorption of unimolecular layer of Langmuir isotherm are 4.01, 5.21, and 4.22 mg g−1, respectively. Values of heterogeneity factor of Freundlich isotherm are 2.59, 2.19, and 2.59 which are greater than 1, revealing the favorable adsorption of DMP/M-PVAL system. Values of adsorption activation energy per mole of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm are, respectively, of low values of 7.04, 6.48, and 7.19 kJ mol−1, indicating the natural occurring of the adsorption process studied. The tiny size of adsorbent makes the adsorption take place easily while its superparamagnetism is beneficial for the separation and recovery of micro adsorbent from liquid by applying magnetic field after completion of adsorption.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Decomposition and Mineralization of Dimethyl Phthalate in an Aqueous Solution by Wet Oxidation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-01
    Beschreibung: Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was treated via wet oxygen oxidation process (WOP). The decomposition efficiencyηDMPof DMP and mineralization efficiencyηTOCof total organic carbons were measured to evaluate the effects of operation parameters on the performance of WOP. The results revealed that reaction temperatureTis the most affecting factor, with a higherToffering higherηDMPandηTOCas expected. TheηDMPincreases as rotating speed increases from 300 to 500 rpm with stirring enhancement of gas liquid mass transfer. However, it exhibits reduction effect at 700 rpm due to purging of dissolved oxygen by overstirring. Regarding the effects of pressurePT, a higherPTprovides more oxygen for the forward reaction with DMP, while overhighPTincreases the absorption of gaseous products such as CO2and decomposes short-chain hydrocarbon fragments back into the solution thus hindering the forward reaction. For the testedPTof 2.41 to 3.45 MPa, the results indicated that 2.41 MPa is appropriate. A longer reaction time of course gives better performance. At 500 rpm, 483 K, 2.41 MPa, and 180 min, theηDMPandηTOCare 93 and 36%, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 2356-6140
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Adsorption Removal of Environmental Hormones of Dimethyl Phthalate Using Novel Magnetic Adsorbent (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-01-01
    Beschreibung: Magnetic polyvinyl alcohol adsorbent M-PVAL was employed to remove and concentrate dimethyl phthalate DMP. The M-PVAL was prepared after sequential syntheses of magnetic Fe3O4(M) and polyvinyl acetate (M-PVAC). The saturated magnetizations of M, M-PVAC, and M-PVAL are 57.2, 26.0, and 43.2 emu g−1with superparamagnetism, respectively. The average size of M-PVAL by number is 0.75 μm in micro size. Adsorption experiments include three cases: (1) adjustment of initial pH (pH0) of solution to 5, (2) no adjustment of pH0with value in 6.04–6.64, and (3) adjusted pH0= 7. The corresponding saturated amounts of adsorption of unimolecular layer of Langmuir isotherm are 4.01, 5.21, and 4.22 mg g−1, respectively. Values of heterogeneity factor of Freundlich isotherm are 2.59, 2.19, and 2.59 which are greater than 1, revealing the favorable adsorption of DMP/M-PVAL system. Values of adsorption activation energy per mole of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm are, respectively, of low values of 7.04, 6.48, and 7.19 kJ mol−1, indicating the natural occurring of the adsorption process studied. The tiny size of adsorbent makes the adsorption take place easily while its superparamagnetism is beneficial for the separation and recovery of micro adsorbent from liquid by applying magnetic field after completion of adsorption.
    Print ISSN: 2356-6140
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Linear Time Approximation Algorithms for the Relay Node Placement Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks with Hexagon Tessellation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-04
    Beschreibung: The relay node placement problem in wireless sensor network (WSN) aims at deploying the minimum number of relay nodes over the network so that each sensor can communicate with at least one relay node. When the deployed relay nodes are homogeneous and their communication ranges are circular, one way to solve the WSN relay node placement problem is to solve the minimum geometric disk cover (MGDC) problem first and place the relay nodes at the centers of the covering disks and then, if necessary, deploy additional relay nodes to meet the connection requirement of relay nodes. It is known that the MGDC problem is NP-complete. A novel linear time approximation algorithm for the MGDC problem is proposed, which identifies covering disks using the regular hexagon tessellation of the plane with bounded area. The approximation ratio of the proposed algorithm is (), where . Experimental results show that the worst case is rare, and on average the proposed algorithm uses less than 1.7 times the optimal disks of the MGDC problem. In cases where quick deployment is necessary, this study provides a fast 7-approximation algorithm which uses on average less than twice the optimal number of relay nodes in the simulation.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7268
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Image Fusion with Contrast Improving and Feature Preserving (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-21
    Beschreibung: The goal of image fusion is to obtain a fused image that contains most significant information in all input images which were captured by different sensors from the same scene. In particular, the fusion process should improve the contrast and keep the integrity of significant features from input images. In this paper, we propose a region-based image fusion method to fuse spatially registered visible and infrared images while improving the contrast and preserving the significant features of input images. At first, the proposed method decomposes input images into base layers and detail layers using a bilateral filter. Then the base layers of the input images are segmented into regions. Third, a region-based decision map is proposed to represent the importance of every region. The decision map is obtained by calculating the weights of regions according to the gray-level difference between each region and its neighboring regions in the base layers. At last, the detail layers and the base layers are separately fused by different fusion rules based on the same decision map to generate a final fused image. Experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the contrast of fused images and preserve more features of input images than several previous image fusion methods.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Enhanced Photoreduction Activity of Carbon Dioxide over Co3O4/CeO2 Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-22
    Beschreibung: A series of new two semiconductor catalysts, Co3O4/CeO2, were prepared by glycine-nitrate combustion method for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to produce methanol and ethanol under visible light ( nm) irradiation. The catalysts were characterized by BET, UV-vis spectra, XRD, SEM, PL, and XPS and the results indicated that the catalyst with 5 wt.% of Co3O4 has the highest yield among all kinds of tests with the methanol yield of 1.52 μmol·g−1·h−1 and the ethanol yield of 4.75 μmol·g−1·h−1, which are about 2.34 and 1.71 times as large as those of CeO2. However, methanol and ethanol can hardly be detected for Co3O4 under the same condition because of its too narrow band gap. The improvement of the photoreduction activity of Co3O4 doped CeO2 was caused by the separation of electron-hole pairs of Co3O4/CeO2 and charge transfer between Co3O4 and CeO2, mimicking the Z-scheme in photosynthesis.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-529X
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Scalability of Phase Change Materials in Nanostructure Template (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-17
    Beschreibung: The scalability of In2Se3, one of the phase change materials, is investigated. By depositing the material onto a nanopatterned substrate, individual In2Se3 nanoclusters are confined in the nanosize pits with well-defined shape and dimension permitting the systematic study of the ultimate scaling limit of its use as a phase change memory element. In2Se3 of progressively smaller volume is heated inside a transmission electron microscope operating in diffraction mode. The volume at which the amorphous-crystalline transition can no longer be observed is taken as the ultimate scaling limit, which is approximately 5 nm3 for In2Se3. The physics for the existence of scaling limit is discussed. Using phase change memory elements in memory hierarchy is believed to reduce its energy consumption because they consume zero leakage power in memory cells. Therefore, the phase change memory applications are of great importance in terms of energy saving.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-529X
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Energietechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 9
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    A Novel AHP-Based Benefit Evaluation Model of Military Simulation Training Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-24
    Beschreibung: With the constantly changing patterns of war, more technologically exquisite weapons are designed, increasing in cost and complexity. Training maneuvers with live ammunition are expensive and are prone to accidental casualties. Thus, many countries are gradually adopting simulation training systems to replace some actual exercises to reduce casualties and still maintain maximum combat readiness. However, each simulation training system has a different background with regard to time, source, function goal, and quality of environment and staff. It is also more difficult to assess the benefit of simulation training systems. Moreover, traditional benefit assessments of military simulation training systems have merely considered their efficiency, not safety, causing biased conclusions. To solve these issues, this paper integrates the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), important-performance analysis (IPA), and the 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic representation model to determine the benefits of simulation training systems. To verify the proposed approach, a numerical example of the evaluation of a training simulator system’s benefit is adopted. Compared with the traditional AHP method, the proposed method does not lose any valuable information that is provided by experts and also considers training safety. Further, these data are presented in 2-dimensional graphs for managers to further guide the decision-making process.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 10
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    Study of Decays with QCD Factorization Approach (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-04-01
    Beschreibung: Motivated by the -physics experiments at running LHC and upcoming SuperKEKB/Belle-II, the nonleptonic ( and ) weak decays are studied within QCD factorization framework. The observables of these decay modes are first predicted. It is found that the tree-dominated and CKM-favored decays have the largest branching fractions and thus are hopefully to be measured. The decays are dominated by the longitudinal polarization states. In addition, associating with the relevant meson decays, some interesting phenomena and relations are discussed in detail; for example, , and .
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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