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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-11-16
    Description: Axial backmixing is an important issue in extraction columns, since it heavily affects mass transfer performance. A miniaturized, stirred-pulsed column was investigated regarding its backmixing characteristics in the continuous phase using the system water/n-butyl acetate. Residence time distributions were determined through pulse experiments with potassium chloride, which was detected via electrical conductivity. To perform the conductivity measurement without distortion of the two-phase flow, electrodes with an annular design were manufactured, which precisely line up with the inner column wall. This design is a promising alternative for using in small-scale tubular devices, where commercial electrodes do not fit, and in applications, where interference with the flow must be avoided.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-01-07
    Print ISSN: 0171-8630
    Electronic ISSN: 1616-1599
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Inter-Research
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 18 (1967), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Laminated coating systemsAfter the introductory discussion of the selection of suitable natural and synthetic textiles and of coating agents for the preparation of laminated coating systems (coats with fabric insertions), an illustrated survey of some magnitude is given of coating techniques for laminated coating system on metal surfaces. It is shown in detail that such coatings are much superior to normal coating in regard to freedom from defects, mechanical proporties, and protection against various aggressive liquids (mineral acids, solvents).
    Notes: Einleitenden Richtlinien für die Auswahl geeigneter natürlicher und synthetischer Textilien sowie Anstrichmittel zum Aufbau laminierter Anstrichsysteme (Anstriche mit Gewebeeinlage) folgt ein ausführlicher Abriß über die Technologie des Aufbringens laminierter Anstriche auf Metalloberflächen in Wort und Bild. Es wird in allen Einzelheiten gezeigt, daszlig; Fehlerfreiheit, mechanische Eigenschaften und der Schutzwert des Systems gegen verschiedene aggressive Flüssigkeiten (Mineralsäuren, Lösungsmittel) ungleich höher sind als bei einfachen Anstrichen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉We adapt the relative polarity method from 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa#rf29"〉Shelly 〈span〉et al.〈/span〉 (2016)〈/a〉 to compute focal mechanisms for microearthquakes associated with the 2014 hydroshearing stimulation at the Newberry volcano geothermal site. We focus the analysis on events relocated by 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa#rf2"〉Aguiar and Myers (2018)〈/a〉, who report that six event clusters predominantly comprise the 2014 sequence. Data quality allows focal mechanism analysis for four of the six event clusters. We use 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa#rf13"〉Hardebeck and Shearer (2002〈/a〉, 〈a href="https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa#rf14"〉2003〈/a〉; hereafter HASH) to compute focal mechanisms based on first‐motion polarities and 〈span〉S〈/span〉/〈span〉P〈/span〉 amplitude ratios. We manually determine 〈span〉P〈/span〉‐ and 〈span〉S〈/span〉‐wave polarities for a well‐recorded reference event in each cluster, then use waveform cross correlation to determine whether recordings of other events in the cluster are the same or reversed polarity at each network station. Most waveform polarities are consistent with the affiliated reference event, indicating similar focal mechanisms within each cluster. The deeper clusters are east–west‐striking normal faults, whereas the shallower clusters, close to the top of the open‐hole section of the borehole, are strike slip with east–west motion. Regional studies and prestimulation borehole breakouts find the maximum stress direction is vertical and maximum horizontal stress is approximately north–south. Fault geometry and focal mechanisms of microseismicity during the stimulation suggest that increased pressure from fluid injection predominantly caused changes in horizontal stress, consistent with predictions from numerical studies of stress change caused by fluid injection. At shallow depths, where previous studies suggest the difference between vertical and horizontal stress is lowest, injection appears to have rotated the direction of maximum stress from vertical to horizontal, resulting in strike‐slip motion. At greater depth, vertical stress continued to be the dominant direction during the stimulation, but fault orientation indicates either reactivation of pre‐existing fractures or rotation of the direction of maximum horizontal stress from approximately north–south to east–west.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉The Turkana Depression of northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia contains voluminous plume-related basalts that mark the onset of the Paleogene–recent East African Rift System (EARS) at ca. 45 Ma. Thus, the Turkana Depression is crucial to understanding the inception of intracontinental rifting. However, the precise chronology of early rift-basin formation in Turkana is poorly constrained. We present apatite fission-track and (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology data from basement rocks from the margins of the north-south–trending Lokichar Basin that constrain the onset of rift-related cooling. Thermal history modeling of these data documents pronounced Eocene to Miocene denudational cooling of the basin-bounding Lokichar fault footwall. These results, along with ~7 km of Paleogene to middle Miocene syn-rift strata preserved in the Lokichar fault hanging wall, suggest that formation of the Lokichar Basin began as early as ca. 45–40 Ma. Preexisting lithospheric heterogeneities inherited from earlier Mesozoic rifting and Eocene plume magmatism likely facilitated the broadly concurrent nucleation of strain in the Turkana Depression, up to ~15 m.y. earlier than EARS initiation elsewhere. Late Paleogene extension in the Lokichar Basin and other parts of Turkana significantly predate the Miocene creation of pronounced plume-related topography in East Africa, suggesting that other mechanism(s), such as far-field stresses or mantle basal drag, likely played a critical role during EARS inception.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉On 3 September 2017, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) conducted its sixth and largest declared nuclear test at the Punggye‐ri test site. Recently, we have been using regional waveform envelopes to estimate the explosive yield and overburden of chemical and nuclear explosions by coupling explosion source models to propagation parameters. Similar to most yield determination methods, there can be trade‐offs between yield and depth, leading to uncertainties in both parameters. The relative locations are well constrained by small timing differences in seismic phase arrivals at stations that recorded multiple events, but there are potential uncertainties on the absolute locations. Depths are poorly constrained by the relative arrival times. In this study, we performed a coupled location and yield analysis of the DPRK nuclear tests. We obtain highly accurate travel times using correlation methods and relative locations using a Bayesian location method. Then, while keeping the relative locations of the six tests constant, we consider the consequences of shifts to the absolute locations on the resulting overburden for each event. Given that overburden, we determine the yield that minimizes the waveform misfit. We also test and compare a number of explosion source models. By considering the coupled location/depth/yield problem, we reduce uncertainties in the absolute locations, and determine yield and depth estimates of the events. Based on statistical analysis, we estimate that the 2017 test has a yield of 125 kt (equivalent trinitrotoluene [TNT]) with a 1 sigma uncertainty range of 103–150 kt at about 600 m of overburden.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉Absolute location of the announced Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear test on 6 January 2016 is constrained by fitting associated, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)‐based ground displacement with elastic finite‐element modeling of an underground explosion source, including the effects of topography. The other five announced nuclear tests are located using arrival times and differential arrival times of regional and teleseismic body waves and constraints on the 6 January 2016 event location. Nuclear tests on 6 January 2016, 9 September 2016, and 3 September 2017 are under the summit ridge of Mt. Mantap, and tests on 25 May 2009 and 12 February 2013 are south of the topographic crest under the steep southern face of the mountain. The first test on 9 October 2006 was located near the crest of a separate topographic ridge approximately 2.87 km east of the 6 January 2016 event. Several unannounced events have occurred in the vicinity of the test site. The location uncertainty ellipse of an event approximately 8 min 30 s after the 2017 announced test covers the DPRK test site and is likely to have occurred there. Additional events on 27 September 2017 and 12 October 2017 are 4–8 km northwest of the test site, and location probability regions do not overlap the test site.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉We present results from integrated field, microstructural, and textural analysis of the Burlington mylonite zone (BMZ) in eastern Massachusetts (northeastern USA) to establish a unified microkinematic framework for vorticity analysis in heterogeneous shear zones. Specifically, we develop a methodology for the structural analysis of polyphase lithologies that defines the vorticity-normal surface based on lattice-scale rotation axes calculated from electron backscatter diffraction data using orientation statistics. In doing so, we objectively identify a suitable reference frame for rigid grain methods of vorticity analysis that can be used in concert with field and microstructural methods of strain analysis and textural studies to constrain field- to plate-scale kinematics and deformation geometries without assumptions that may bias tectonic interpretations, such as relationships between kinematic axes and fabric-forming elements or the nature of the deforming zone (e.g., monoclinic versus triclinic shear zones).Rocks within the BMZ comprise a heterogeneous mix of quartzofeldspathic ± hornblende-bearing mylonitic gneisses and quartzites. Vorticity axes inferred from lattice rotations lie within the plane of mylonitic foliation perpendicular to lineation—a pattern consistent with monoclinic deformation geometries involving simple shear and/or wrench-dominated transpression. The mean kinematic vorticity number (〈span〉W〈/span〉〈sub〉m〈/sub〉) is calculated using rigid grain net analysis and ranges from 0.25 to 0.55, indicating dominant general shear. Using the calculated vorticity values and the dominant geographic fabric orientation, we constrain the angle of paleotectonic convergence between the Nashoba and Avalon terranes to ∼56°–75° with the convergence vector trending ∼142°–160° and plunging ∼3°–10°. Application of the quartz recrystallized grain size piezometer suggests differential stresses in the BMZ mylonites ranging from ∼44 to 92 MPa; patterns of quartz crystallographic preferred orientation are consistent with deformation at greenschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions. We conclude that crustal strain localization in the BMZ involved a combination of pure and simple shear in a sinistral reverse transpressional shear zone that was active at or near the brittle-ductile transition under relatively high stress conditions. Moreover, we demonstrate the utility of combined crystallographic and rigid grain methods of vorticity analysis for deducing deformation geometries, kinematics, and tectonic histories in polyphase shear zones.〈/span〉
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
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    American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉Sequence stratigraphy based on wire-line logs, cores, and outcrops is entering its fourth decade of mainstream usage in industry and academia. The technique has proved to be an invaluable tool for improving stratigraphic analyses in both clastic and carbonate settings. Here we present a simple quantitative technique to support sequence stratigraphic interpretations in clastic shallow marine systems. The technique uses two pieces of data that are readily available from every subsurface field or outcrop study: (1) parasequence thickness (T) and (2) parasequence sandstone fraction (SF). The key assumptions are that parasequence thickness can be used as a proxy for accommodation at the time of deposition and parasequence sandstone fraction can be used as a proxy for sediment supply. This means that quantitative proxies for rates of accommodation development and sediment supply can be acquired from wire-line logs, cores, and outcrop data. Vertical trends in parasequence thickness divided by sandstone fraction (T/SF) approximate trends expected in systems tracts for changes in ratios of rate of accommodation development to rate of sediment supply. The technique, termed “TSF analysis,” can also be applied at lower-order sequence and composite sequence scales. It provides a quantitative and objective methodology for determining rank and order of sequence stratigraphic surfaces and units. Absolute T/SF values can be used to determine shoreline, stacked shoreline, and shelf-margin trajectories. Four case studies are presented, which demonstrate the robustness of the technique across a range of different data sets. Implications and potential future applications of TSF analyses are discussed.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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