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  • Cambridge University Press
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2015-2019  (31)
  • 1965-1969  (27)
  • 1
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    Rosen, George: Democracy and Economic Change in India : Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1966 (1969)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Modern Asian studies 3 (1969), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0026-749X
    Quelle: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Thema: Ethnologie , Geschichte , Politikwissenschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00002419
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  • 2
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    The provision of grower and breeder information on the frost susceptibility of wheat in Australia (2019)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    Beschreibung: 〈div data-abstract-type="normal"〉〈p〉The frost susceptibility of Australian commercial cereal crops, in particular wheat and barley, has become an economically devastating issue for growers. The relative risk to frost damage of the currently available varieties is obtained through testing varieties in a series of field experiments at locations susceptible to frost events (FEs). The experimental design, measurement protocols and resultant data from these frost expression experiments (FEEs) are complex due to the unpredictability of the timing and severity of FEs, and the maturity of the plants at the time of the events. Design and protocol complexities include the use of multiple sowing dates and the recording of plant maturity. Data difficulties include a high degree of unbalance, and in the instance of multiple frosts in a FEE, there is a longitudinal aspect. A linear mixed model analysis was adopted to accommodate these characteristics of individual FEEs and the multi-environment trial analysis of 17 FEEs. Finally, an approach is demonstrated for dissemination of results that are of use to both growers and breeders.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-5146
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
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    Effects of dairy shed effluent dry matter content on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from a pasture soil (2018)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    Beschreibung: 〈div data-abstract-type="normal"〉〈p〉Atmospheric emissions of nitrogen (N) from New Zealand dairy farms are significant but have the potential to be affected by manure management prior to land application. The current work examined whether reducing cattle manure dry matter (DM) from 0.16 high DM (HDM) to 0.06 low DM (LDM), to enhance infiltration and reduce ammonia (NH〈span〉3〈/span〉) emissions when applied to grassland, would affect nitrous oxide (N〈span〉2〈/span〉O) emissions. Pasture was cut, simulating grazing, and either amended with HDM (173 kg N/ha) or LDM manure (48 kg N/ha) or left unamended. Ammonia emissions from HDM manure were higher than from LDM manure, as a flux or as a percentage of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN, i.e. NH〈span〉3〈/span〉 + NH〈span〉4〈/span〉〈span〉+〈/span〉) applied, due to more TAN being retained near the soil surface and the higher soil surface pH under HDM manure treatment. Cumulative N〈span〉2〈/span〉O emissions over 37 days from HDM plots were higher than from the control but not from the LDM plots. After 5 days, the daily N〈span〉2〈/span〉O emission rate was larger from HDM plots than from LDM and control plots. The N〈span〉2〈/span〉O fluxes from LDM and HDM treatments did not differ, either as a proportion of TAN applied or as a proportion of total-N applied. Increasing DM contributed to reductions in both oxygen (O〈span〉2〈/span〉) availability and relative gas diffusivity, and thus potentially N〈span〉2〈/span〉O production. Under the conditions of the current study, lower manure DM content reduced NH〈span〉3〈/span〉 emissions but did not increase cumulative losses of N〈span〉2〈/span〉O.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-5146
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 4
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    Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut (2019)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    Beschreibung: 〈div data-abstract-type="normal"〉〈p〉The effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, 〈span〉in vitro〈/span〉 digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-5146
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 5
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    The toroidal bubble (1968)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1968-04-09
    Beschreibung: It has been observed by Walters & Davidson (1963) that release of a mass of gas in water sometimes produces a rising toroidal bubble. This paper is concerned with the history of such a bubble, given that at the initial instant the motion is irrotational everywhere in the water. The variation of its overall radius a with time may be predicted from the vertical impulse equation, and it should be possible to make the same prediction by equating the rate of loss of combined kinetic and potential energy to the rate of viscous dissipation. This is indeed seen to be the case, but not before it is recognized that in a viscous fluid vorticity will continually diffuse out from the bubble surface, destroying the irrotationality of the motion, and necessitating an examination of the distribution of vorticity. The impulse equation takes the same form as in an inviscid fluid, but the energy equation is severely modified. Other results include an evaluation of the effect of a hydrostatic variation in bubble volume, and a prediction of the time which will have elapsed before the bubble becomes unstable under the action of surface tension.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 6
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    On the instability of rapidly rotating shear flows to non-axisymmetric disturbances (1968)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 1968-02-26
    Beschreibung: The stability is considered of the flow with velocity components [ {0,Omega r[1+O(epsilon^2)],;2epsilonOmega r_0f(r/r_0)} ] (where f(x) is a function of order one) in cylindrical polar co-ordinates (r, ϕ, z), bounded by the rigid cylinders r/r0 = x1 and r/r0 = 1 (0 [les ] x1 〈 1). When ε [Lt ] 1, the flow is shown to be unstable to non-axisymmetric inviscid disturbances of sufficiently large axial wavelength. The case of Poiseuille flow in a rotating pipe is considered in more detail, and the growth rate of the most rapidly growing disturbance is found to be 2εΩ.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Squirmers with swirl: a model for Volvox swimming (2016)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-05-31
    Beschreibung: Colonies of the green alga Volvox are spheres that swim through the beating of pairs of flagella on their surface somatic cells. The somatic cells themselves are mounted rigidly in a polymeric extracellular matrix, fixing the orientation of the flagella so that they beat approximately in a meridional plane, with axis of symmetry in the swimming direction, but with a roughly azimuthal offset which results in the eponymous rotation of the colonies about a body-fixed axis. Experiments on colonies of Volvox carteri held stationary on a micropipette show that the beating pattern takes the form of a symplectic metachronal wave (Brumley et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, 2012, 268102). Here we extend the Lighthill/Blake axisymmetric, Stokes-flow model of a free-swimming spherical squirmer (Lighthill Commun. Pure Appl. Maths, vol. 5, 1952, pp. 109-118; Blake J. Fluid Mech., vol. 46, 1971b, pp. 199-208) to include azimuthal swirl. The measured kinematics of the metachronal wave for 60 different colonies are used to calculate the coefficients in the eigenfunction expansions and hence predict the mean swimming speeds and rotation rates, proportional to the square of the beating amplitude, as functions of colony radius. As a test of the squirmer model, the results are compared with measurements (Drescher et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 102, 2009, 168101) of the mean swimming speeds and angular velocities of a different set of 220 colonies, also given as functions of colony radius. The predicted variation with radius is qualitatively correct, but the model underestimates both the mean swimming speed and the mean angular velocity unless the amplitude of the flagellar beat is taken to be larger than previously thought. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. © 2016 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
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  • 8
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    Dynamics of isolated vortex cavitation (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-31
    Beschreibung: The dynamic behaviour of vortex cavitation on marine propellers may cause inboard noise and vibration, but is not well understood. The main goal of the present study is to experimentally analyse the dynamics of an isolated tip vortex cavity generated at the tip of a wing of elliptical planform. Detailed high-speed video shadowgraphy was used to determine the cavity deformations in combination with force and sound measurements. The cavity deformations can be divided in different modes, each of which show a distinct dispersion relation between frequency and wavenumber. The dispersion relations show good agreement with an analytical formulation. Finally, experimental support is given to the hypothesis that the resonance frequency of the cavity volume variation is related to a zero group velocity. © 2015 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 9
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    Distribution of gyrotactic micro-organisms in complex three-dimensional flows. Part 1. Horizontal shear flow past a vertical circular cylinder (2018)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-06
    Beschreibung: As a first step towards understanding the distribution of swimming micro-organisms in flowing shallow water containing vegetation, we formulate a continuum model for dilute suspensions in horizontal shear flow, with a maximum Reynolds number of 100, past a single, rigid, vertical, circular cylinder that extends from a flat horizontal bed and penetrates the free water surface. A numerical platform was developed to solve this problem, in four stages: First, a scheme for computation of the flow field; second, a solver for the Fokker-Planck equation governing the probability distribution of the swimming direction of gyrotactic cells under the combined action of gravity, ambient vorticity and rotational diffusion; third, the construction of a database for the mean swimming velocity and the translational diffusivity tensor as functions of the three vorticity components, using parameters appropriate for the swimming alga, Chlamydomonas nivalis; fourth, a solver for the three-dimensional concentration distribution of the gyrotactic micro-organisms. Upstream of the cylinder, the cells are confined to a vertical strip of width equal to the cylinder diameter, which enables us to visualise mixing in the wake. The flow downstream of the cylinder is divided into three zones: Parallel vortex shedding in the top zone near the water surface, oblique vortex shedding in the middle zone and quasi-steady flow in the bottom zone. Secondary (vertical) flow occurs just upstream and downstream of the cylinder. Frequency spectra of the velocity components in the wake of the cylinder show two dominant frequencies of vortex shedding, in the parallel- and oblique-shedding zones respectively, together with a low frequency, equal to the difference between those two frequencies, that corresponds to a beating modulation. The concentration distribution is calculated for both active particles and passive, non-swimming, particles for comparison. The concentration distribution is very similar for both active and passive particles, except near the top surface, where upswimming causes the concentration of active particles to reach values greater than in the upstream strip, and in a thin boundary layer on the downstream surface of the cylinder, where a high concentration of active particles occurs as a result of radial swimming. © 2018 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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  • 10
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    The turbulent wake of a towed grid in a stratified fluid (2015)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-06-19
    Beschreibung: In a stable background density gradient, initially turbulent flows eventually evolve into a state dominated by low-Froude-number dynamics and frequently also contain persistent pattern information. Much empirical evidence has been gathered on these latter stages, but less on how they first got that way, and how information on the turbulence generator may potentially be encoded into the flow in a robust and long-lasting fashion. Here an experiment is described that examines the initial stages of evolution in the vertical plane of a turbulent grid-generated wake in a stratified ambient. Refractive-index-matched fluids allow optically based measurement of early (Nt 〈 2) stages of the flow, even when there are strong variations in the local density gradient field. Suitably averaged flow measures show the interplay between internal wave motions and Kelvin-Helmholtz-generated vortical modes. The vertical shear is dominant at the wake edge, and the decay of horizontal vorticity is observed to be independent of Fr. Stratified turbulence, originating from Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, develops up to non-dimensional time Nt ≈ 10, and the scale separation between Ozmidov and Kolmogorov scales is independent of Fr at higher Nt. The detailed measurements in the near wake, with independent variation of both Reynolds and Froude numbers, while limited to one particular case, are sufficient to show that the initial turbulence in a stratified fluid is neither three-dimensional nor universal. The search for appropriately generalizable initial conditions may be more involved than hoped for. © 2015 Cambridge University Press.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Digitale ISSN: 1469-7645
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Publiziert von Cambridge University Press
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