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  • 2015-2019  (18)
  • 1980-1984  (31)
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  • 1
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    Low-Temperature Synthesis of a TiO2/Si Heterojunction (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-21
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09750
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2
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    Titanium dioxide/silicon hole-blocking selective contact to enable double-heterojunction crystalline silicon-based solar cell (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-27
    Description: In this work, we use an electron-selective titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) heterojunction contact to silicon to block minority carrier holes in the silicon from recombining at the cathode contact of a silicon-based photovoltaic device. We present four pieces of evidence demonstrating the beneficial effect of adding the TiO 2 hole-blocking layer: reduced dark current, increased open circuit voltage (V OC ), increased quantum efficiency at longer wavelengths, and increased stored minority carrier charge under forward bias. The importance of a low rate of recombination of minority carriers at the Si/TiO 2 interface for effective blocking of minority carriers is quantitatively described. The anode is made of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) heterojunction to silicon which forms a hole selective contact, so that the entire device is made at a maximum temperature of 100 °C, with no doping gradients or junctions in the silicon. A low rate of recombination of minority carriers at the Si/TiO 2 interface is crucial for effective blocking of minority carriers. Such a pair of complementary carrier-selective heterojunctions offers a path towards high-efficiency silicon solar cells using relatively simple and near-room temperature fabrication techniques.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    PGC1α drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: PGC1α drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection Nature 531, 7595 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17184 Authors: Mei T. Tran, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengeller, Anders H. Berg, Eliyahu V. Khankin, Manoj K. Bhasin, Wondong Kim, Clary B. Clish, Isaac E. Stillman, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Eugene P. Rhee & Samir M. Parikh The energetic burden of continuously concentrating solutes against gradients along the tubule may render the kidney especially vulnerable to ischaemia. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 3% of all hospitalized patients. Here we show that the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, PGC1α, is a pivotal determinant of renal recovery from injury by regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis. Following renal ischaemia, Pgc1α−/− (also known as Ppargc1a−/−) mice develop local deficiency of the NAD precursor niacinamide (NAM, also known as nicotinamide), marked fat accumulation, and failure to re-establish normal function. Notably, exogenous NAM improves local NAD levels, fat accumulation, and renal function in post-ischaemic Pgc1α−/− mice. Inducible tubular transgenic mice (iNephPGC1α) recapitulate the effects of NAM supplementation, including more local NAD and less fat accumulation with better renal function after ischaemia. PGC1α coordinately upregulates the enzymes that synthesize NAD de novo from amino acids whereas PGC1α deficiency or AKI attenuates the de novo pathway. NAM enhances NAD via the enzyme NAMPT and augments production of the fat breakdown product β-hydroxybutyrate, leading to increased production of prostaglandin PGE2 (ref. 5), a secreted autacoid that maintains renal function. NAM treatment reverses established ischaemic AKI and also prevented AKI in an unrelated toxic model. Inhibition of β-hydroxybutyrate signalling or prostaglandin production similarly abolishes PGC1α-dependent renoprotection. Given the importance of mitochondrial health in ageing and the function of metabolically active organs, the results implicate NAM and NAD as key effectors for achieving PGC1α-dependent stress resistance.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Extensive arsenic contamination in high-pH unconfined aquifers in the Indus Valley (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-24
    Description: Arsenic-contaminated aquifers are currently estimated to affect ~150 million people around the world. However, the full extent of the problem remains elusive. This is also the case in Pakistan, where previous studies focused on isolated areas. Using a new data set of nearly 1200 groundwater quality samples throughout Pakistan, we have created state-of-the-art hazard and risk maps of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for thresholds of 10 and 50 μg/liter. Logistic regression analysis was used with 1000 iterations, where surface slope, geology, and soil parameters were major predictor variables. The hazard model indicates that much of the Indus Plain is likely to have elevated arsenic concentrations, although the rest of the country is mostly safe. Unlike other arsenic-contaminated areas of Asia, the arsenic release process in the arid Indus Plain appears to be dominated by elevated-pH dissolution, resulting from alkaline topsoil and extensive irrigation of unconfined aquifers, although pockets of reductive dissolution are also present. We estimate that approximately 50 million to 60 million people use groundwater within the area at risk, with hot spots around Lahore and Hyderabad. This number is alarmingly high and demonstrates the urgent need for verification and testing of all drinking water wells in the Indus Plain, followed by appropriate mitigation measures.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Cross-ethnic meta-analysis identifies association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2017)
    Beben Benyamin; Ji He; Qiongyi Zhao; Jacob Gratten; Fleur Garton; Paul J. Leo; Zhijun Liu; Marie Mangelsdorf; Ammar Al-Chalabi; Lisa Anderson; Timothy J. Butler; Lu Chen; Xiang-Ding Chen; Katie Cremin; Hong-Weng Deng; Matthew Devine; Janette Edson; Jennifer A. Fifita; Sarah Furlong; Ying-Ying Han; Jessica Harris; Anjali K. Henders; Rosalind L. Jeffree; Zi-Bing Jin; Zhongshan Li; Ting Li; Mengmeng Li; Yong Lin; Xiaolu Liu; Mhairi Marshall; Emily P. McCann; Bryan J. Mowry; Shyuan T. Ngo; Roger Pamphlett; Shu Ran; David C. Reutens; Dominic B. Rowe; Perminder Sachdev; Sonia Shah; Sharon Song; Li-Jun Tan; Lu Tang; Leonard H. Berg; Wouter Rheenen; Jan H. Veldink; Robyn H. Wallace; Lawrie Wheeler; Kelly L. Williams; Jinyu Wu; Xin Wu; Jian Yang; Weihua Yue; Zong-Hong Zhang; Dai Zhang; Peter G. Noakes; Ian P. Blair; Robert D. Henderson; Pamela A. McCombe; Peter M. Visscher; Huji Xu; Perry F. Bartlett; Matthew A. Brown; Naomi R. Wray; Dongsheng Fan
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-21
    Description: Cross-ethnic meta-analysis identifies association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Nature Communications, Published online: 20 September 2017; doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00471-1 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease. Here, Wray and colleagues identify association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with ALS using cross-ethnic meta-analyses.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    The plant is crucial: specific composition and function of the phyllosphere microbiome of indoor ornamentals (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-08
    Description: The plant microbiome is a key determinant of plant health. Less is known about the phyllosphere microbiota and its driving factors in built environments. To study the variability of the microbiome in relation to plant genotype and climate under different controlled conditions, we investigated 14 phylogenetically diverse plant species grown in the greenhouses of the Botanical Garden in Graz (Austria). All investigated plants showed specific bacterial abundances of up to 10 6 CFU cm –2 on their leaves. Bacterial diversity (H ' : 2.4–7.9) and number of putative OTUs (461–2013) were strongly plant species dependent . Statistical analysis showed a significantly higher correlation of community composition to plant genotype in comparison to the ambient climatic variables. In addition to the microbiome structure, we studied the antagonistic potential towards the foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea as functional indicator. A high proportion of isolates (up to 58%) were able to inhibit pathogen growth by production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Data of structure and function were linked: frequently isolated VOCs producers (e.g. Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas ) were highly present in phyllosphere communities, which were dominated by members of Firmicutes . This study indicates that indoor ornamentals feature a distinct, stable microbiota on leaves irrespective of the indoor climate.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    NCoR1-independent mechanism plays a role in the action of the unliganded thyroid hormone receptor [Medical Sciences] (2017)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-04
    Description: Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is considered to be the major corepressor that mediates ligand-independent actions of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) during development and in hypothyroidism. We tested this by expressing a hypomorphic NCoR1 allele (NCoR1ΔID), which cannot interact with the TR, in Pax8-KO mice, which make no thyroid...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    PGC1alpha drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-17
    Description: The energetic burden of continuously concentrating solutes against gradients along the tubule may render the kidney especially vulnerable to ischaemia. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 3% of all hospitalized patients. Here we show that the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, PGC1alpha, is a pivotal determinant of renal recovery from injury by regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis. Following renal ischaemia, Pgc1alpha(-/-) (also known as Ppargc1a(-/-)) mice develop local deficiency of the NAD precursor niacinamide (NAM, also known as nicotinamide), marked fat accumulation, and failure to re-establish normal function. Notably, exogenous NAM improves local NAD levels, fat accumulation, and renal function in post-ischaemic Pgc1alpha(-/-) mice. Inducible tubular transgenic mice (iNephPGC1alpha) recapitulate the effects of NAM supplementation, including more local NAD and less fat accumulation with better renal function after ischaemia. PGC1alpha coordinately upregulates the enzymes that synthesize NAD de novo from amino acids whereas PGC1alpha deficiency or AKI attenuates the de novo pathway. NAM enhances NAD via the enzyme NAMPT and augments production of the fat breakdown product beta-hydroxybutyrate, leading to increased production of prostaglandin PGE2 (ref. 5), a secreted autacoid that maintains renal function. NAM treatment reverses established ischaemic AKI and also prevented AKI in an unrelated toxic model. Inhibition of beta-hydroxybutyrate signalling or prostaglandin production similarly abolishes PGC1alpha-dependent renoprotection. Given the importance of mitochondrial health in ageing and the function of metabolically active organs, the results implicate NAM and NAD as key effectors for achieving PGC1alpha-dependent stress resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tran, Mei T -- Zsengeller, Zsuzsanna K -- Berg, Anders H -- Khankin, Eliyahu V -- Bhasin, Manoj K -- Kim, Wondong -- Clish, Clary B -- Stillman, Isaac E -- Karumanchi, S Ananth -- Rhee, Eugene P -- Parikh, Samir M -- K08-DK090142/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08-DK101560/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30-DK079337/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK095072/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01-DK095072/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):528-32. doi: 10.1038/nature17184. Epub 2016 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Division of Clinical Chemistry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; Nephrology and Endocrine Divisions, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26982719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/metabolism ; Acute Kidney Injury/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/drug effects/metabolism ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Humans ; Ischemia/drug therapy/metabolism ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology/physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NAD/*biosynthesis ; Niacinamide/deficiency/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Stress, Physiological ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angular distribution of electrons elastically scattered from xenon and caesium atoms (1982)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 1 (1982), S. 431-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si discute lo scattering elastico di elettroni dagli atomi di cesio e xenon ad energie di collisione al di sotto dei 40 eV. Si studia l'uso del potenzialeX α con α=0.55 e si confrontano i nostri calcoli che usano questo potenziale con sezioni d'urto sperimentali. Si è trovato un ragionvole accordo con le distribuzioni angolari misurate di Gehenn e Reichert, Kleweret al., respettivamente, in contrasto con i calcoli esistenti di Fink e Yates, Walker e McCarthyet al.
    Abstract: Резюме Обсуждается упругое рассеяние электронов на атомах ксенона и цезия при энергиях ниже 40 эВ. Мы анализируем использованиеХ α-потеициала с α=0.55 и сравниваем наши вычисления, использующие этот потенциал, с экспериментальными поперечными сечениями. Получено разумное согласие с угловыми распределениями, измеренными Гехеном и Райхертом и Клевером и др., в иротивоположность существующим вычислениям Финка и Ятса, Уолкера и Маккарти и др.
    Notes: Summary The elastic scattering of electrons from caesium and xenon atoms at collision energies below 40 eV is discussed. We study the use of theX α-potential with α=0.55 and compare our calculations using this potential with experimental cross-sections. Reasonable agreement has been found with the measured angular distributions of Gehenn and Reichert and Kleweret al., respectively, in contrast to the existing calculations of Fink and Yates, Walker and McCarthyet al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450939
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasexual hybridization of yeasts by electric field stimulated fusion of protoplasts (1981)
    Springer
    Current genetics 4 (1981), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Protoplast fusion ; Parasexual hybrids ; Electric field pulse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Under the action of a high electric field pulse a pronounced stimulation of yeast protoplast fusion initiated by polyethylene glycol and Ca 2+ ions was found. The fusion rate was enhanced by a factor of 200 for different genetically marked strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as compared with fusion without electric field treatment. Genetic evidence for fusion has been obtained by isolating parasexually produced hybrids resulting from combination of the genomes of both mutants. Our method allows the production of a large number of parasexual hybrids for different purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365696
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