Call number:
9783319468075 (e-book)
Type of Medium:
12
Pages:
1 online resource (593 pages)
,
Illustrationen
ISBN:
9783319468075
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gfz-potsdam/detail.action?docID=5739918
Language:
English
Note:
Contents
1 The Conifers
Conifer Taxonomy
Geographic Distribution and Biogeography
Life History
Ecological Tolerance
Conifer Mating System, Life Cycle, and Reproduction
The Largest, Tallest, and Oldest Organisms on the Planet
Genetic Diversity
Summary
Part I Genomes
2 Genomes: Classical Era
The Beginnings of Genome Research in Conifers
Chromosome Number and Polyploidy
Genome Size
Karyotype Analysis
Genome Content
Organelle Genomes: Chloroplast and Mitochondria
Size and Structure
Gene Content
Inheritance
Variation
Summary
3 Gene and Genome Sequencing in Conifers: Modern Era
A Short History of DNA Sequencing in Conifers
Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing
Gene Discovery Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Conifer Reference Genome Sequences
Sequencing, Assembly, and Annotation Strategies
Summary Statistics of Published Conifer Genome Sequences
Discovery of the Noncoding DNA Content of Conifer Genomes
Discovery of the Number and Types of Coding Genes in Conifers
Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing
Summary
4 Noncoding and Repetitive DNA
Introduction
Ribosomal DNA
Tandem Repeats: Satellite, Minisatellite, and Microsatellite DNA
Transposons and Retrotransposons
Pseudogenes
Summary
5 Gene Structure and Gene Families
A Short History of Early Conifer Gene Sequencing
Wood-Forming Genes
Vegetative Growth Genes
Floral Genes
Light-Regulated Genes
Defense-Related Genes
Disease-Resistant Genes
Summary
6 Gene Expression and the Transcriptome
A Short History of Gene Expression Studies in Conifers
Wood Formation
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Seasonal Patterns
Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
Summary
7 Proteomics and Metabolomics
A Short History of Proteomic and Metabolomic
Research in Conifers
Wood Formation
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Seed Development and Somatic Embryogenesis
Summary
Part II Variation
8 Phenotypic Variation in Natural Populations
Introduction
Definitions
Terms for Describing the Identity of Experimental Plant Materials:
Provenance, Population, Seed Source, and Accession
Terms for Describing Patterns of Genetic Variation on the Natural
Landscape: Cline, Race, and Ecotype
Historical Perspectives
Application of Common Garden Experiments
Experimental Approaches and Analytical Methods
Experimental Approaches
Analytical Methods
Dependent and Independent Variables
Common Garden Testing Literature
Amount, Distribution, and Pattern of Genetic Variation in Phenotypic Traits of Conifers
Amount and Distribution of Genetic Variation
Patterns of Variation
Are Local Sources Best?
Case Studies
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir)
Pinus
Summary
9 Neutral Genetic Variation
Introduction and Background
Molecular Markers Used in the Study of Neutral Variation
Three Conifer Genomes
Purpose and Applications of Neutral Genetic Variation Studies
General Diversity Results: Allozymes
Variation Within Species
Variation Within Populations
Distribution of Variation Among Populations (Based on Polymorphic Loci only)
Differences in Measures of Diversity Among Conifer Genera and Families
Allozyme Summary
General Diversity Results: Molecular Markers
Organelle Markers
Nuclear Markers
Population Differentiation
Factors Affecting Amount and Distribution of Genetic Variation
Mating Systems
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Case Studies
Diversity, Population Structure, and Biogeography
Conservation and Mating Systems
Effects of Forest Management and Tree Improvement on Genetic Diversity
Summary
10 Adaptive Genetic Variation
A Short History of Adaptive Genetic Variation in Conifers
General Trends in Patterns of Adaptive Genetic Diversity in Conifers Observed from Neutrality and FST Outlier Tests
Detection of Nonneutral Genes in a Few Conifer Species
Pinus taeda
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus mugo, P. uncinata, and P. uliginosa
Pinus pinaster and P. halepensis
Pinus radiata
Pinus contorta
Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis
Pinus lambertiana and Other Subgenus Strobus Species
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Larix Species
Abies Species
Picea Species
Cryptomeria japonica and Taxodium distichum
Summary
11 Quantitative Trait Dissection
A Short History of Complex Trait Dissection in Conifers
Pinus taeda
Pinus elliottii
Pinus radiata
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus pinaster
Pinus contorta
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Picea ssp.
Larix ssp.
Cryptomeria japonica
Summary
12 Landscape Genomics
A Short History of Landscape Genomics Studies in Conifers
Pinus Subgenus Pinus
Pinus Subgenus Strobus
Picea
Abies and Larix
Summary
13 Conservation Genetics
A Brief Introduction to Conservation Genetics in Forestry
Fragmentation
Habitat Loss
Forest Practice
Disease
Insects
Climate Change
Summary
14 Forest Health
Introduction
The Growing Relevance of Forest Health
Genetic Variation in Forest Health Traits
Insects and Disease
Abiotic Stress
Mechanisms of Resistance and Tolerance
Case Studies
Resistance to Pissodes strobi (White Pine Weevil) Found in Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)
Resistance to an Introduced Pathogen (Phytophthora lateralis) in Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port-Orford-cedar)
Resistance to Stem Rusts in North American White Pines and Southern Yellow Pines
Summary
Part III Evolution
15 Hybridization and Introgression
Introduction
Definitions and Background
Definitions
Background
Approaches to Identifying Hybrids and Quantifying Levels of Introgression
Evolving Insights
Case Studies of Introgressive Hybridization in Conifers
Pinus contorta (Lodgepole Pine) x P. banksiana (Jack Pine)
Picea sitchensis (Sitka Spruce) x P. glauca (White Spruce) and P. engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce) x P. glauca
Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) x P. echinata (Shortleaf Pine)
Hybrid Speciation
Artificial Hybrids
Summary
16 Paleobotany, Taxonomic Classification, and Phylogenetics
Introduction
Paleobotany
Taxonomic Classification
Cupressus
Pinus
Phylogenetics
Character Selection
The Conifers and Related Gymnosperms
Araucariaceae
Cupressaceae
Pinaceae
Podocarpaceae
Sciadopityaceae
Taxaceae
Summary
17 Comparative Genomics
Introduction to Comparative Genomics
Comparative Mapping
Comparative Gene Content and Transcriptomics
Comparative Genome Sequences
Summary
18 Historical Perspective and Future Directions in Forest Genetics and Genomics
Historical Perspective
Current Situation
Future Directions
Primary Commercial Species (Group A)
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
References
Index
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