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  • 2020-2024  (68)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Active Faults and Nuclear Regulation : Background to Requirement Enforcement in Japan (2020)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Geophysics. ; Security systems. ; Nuclear engineering. ; Natural disasters. ; Geology. ; Geophysics. ; Security Science and Technology. ; Nuclear Energy. ; Natural Hazards. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: The active fault problem in relation to nuclear power plants: current issues -- Reasons why the threat of active faults has been neglected in Japan -- Actual cases in which active faults were underrated -- Active fault surveys at nuclear power plant sites: Actions taken by the NRA and their impact -- How should we move forward? New regulatory requirement and frameworks.
    Abstract: This book reviews the active faults around nuclear power plants in Japan and recommends an optimal method of nuclear power regulation controlled by the Nuclear Regulation Authority of Japan. The active faults around nuclear power plants have been underestimated in Japan since the latter half of the 20th century. However, based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, the book sheds light on why the risks of active faults were underestimated, and discusses the optimal scientific method of assessing those risks. Further, the author shares his experiences in the new standard for nuclear regulation creation team and in the active fault survey at the Nuclear Regulation Authority of Japan. This book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, academic and policy-makers, as well as non-experts interested in nuclear safety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XI, 76 p. 23 illus., 11 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811507656
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0765-6
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0765-6
    DDC: 550
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Deuterium Content and Site Occupancy in Iron Sulfide at High Pressure and Temperature Determined Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction Measurements (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉We have performed in situ time‐of‐flight neutron diffraction experiments to examine the uptake of deuterium in iron monosulfide at pressures up to 11.4 GPa and temperatures to 1300 K. A D〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 fluid was formed in the experiments through the decomposition of ND〈sub〉3〈/sub〉BD〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, resulting in an oxygen fugacity of approximately 1.2 log units below the iron‐wüstite buffer. Deuterium positions and site occupancies were determined in FeS V, using Rietveld refinements of the powder neutron diffraction patterns. Our structural model indicates that two normally unoccupied sites in the 〈italic〉P〈/italic〉6〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/〈italic〉mmc〈/italic〉 FeS V structure, at Wyckoff positions 〈italic〉6h〈/italic〉 and 〈italic〉4f〈/italic〉, are partially occupied by D atoms, with the latter being more dominant. The deuterium content D〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 in FeSD〈sub〉X〈/sub〉 increases with both pressure and temperature over the experimental conditions explored, from 0.126 (14) at 2.3 GPa and 787 K to 1.20 (16) at 9.7 GPa and 1300 K. The unit‐cell volume expansion per deuterium atom is 1.53 ± 0.16 Å〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 at 6.9 GPa and 960 K, which is smaller than that determined for metallic iron phases at similar conditions. The variation in unit‐cell volume indicates that most deuterium is lost from FeS V upon temperature quenching at high‐pressures. By fitting the obtained FeS V deuterium site occupancies to a thermodynamic model, estimates for the hydrogen contents of iron monosulfide at conditions and oxygen fugacities consistent with the base of the cratonic lithosphere can be made. This results in values in the range of 1,700–2,700 ppm, which contribute to approximately 2–3 ppm hydrogen in the bulk mantle.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Small amounts of iron sulfide minerals are found in most rocks from the Earth's mantle and as inclusions trapped in natural diamonds. Hydrogen may dissolve into iron sulfide minerals under high pressures and temperature, but is most likely lost once pressure and temperature are removed. In this study, we determined deuterium contents (deuterium was used as a proxy for hydrogen as it has better neutron scattering properties) in iron sulfide, held under high pressure and temperature conditions, using neutron diffraction measurements. Our results show that the amount of deuterium in iron sulfide increases with both pressure and temperature, but the deuterium is lost on recovery to room conditions. The results are used to estimate hydrogen contents of iron sulfide minerals in the deep continental lithospheric mantle, which are found to be in the range 1,700–2,700 ppm. This corresponds to approximately 2–3 ppm of hydrogen in the bulk mantle.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Deuterium contents in iron sulfide were measured at high‐〈italic〉P〈/italic〉, up to 11.4 GPa and high‐〈italic〉T〈/italic〉 to 1300 K in in situ neutron diffraction experiments〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The total deuterium content, D〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 in FeSD〈sub〉X〈/sub〉, increases with both 〈italic〉P〈/italic〉 and 〈italic〉T〈/italic〉, from 0.126 (14) at 2.3 GPa and 787 K to 1.20 (16) at 9.7 GPa and 1300 K〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉A thermodynamic model shows that the hydrogen contents of iron monosulfide at the base of the cratonic lithosphere could be 1,700–2,700 ppm〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21820677.v2
    Keywords: ddc:550.724 ; iron monosulfide ; neutron diffraction ; deuterium ; Earth's mantle
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Auf dem Weg des Lebens (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Leben und Tod sind unauflöslich miteinander verflochten. Um ein erfülltes Leben zu führen, ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Endlichkeit des Lebens erforderlich. Seit alters her ist daher die Kunst des Lebens mit der Kunst des Sterbens verbunden. In diesem Buch kommen asiatische und europäische Gedanken zu Worte. Sie dienen dazu, unser Verhältnis zum Leben und zum Tod besser zu begreifen. Dadurch entstehen neue Formen des Selbst- und Weltverständnisses. Unsere ähnlichen und unterschiedlichen Perspektiven eröffnen einen Raum der Reflexion und Meditation, in dem Sorge und Wehmut, aber auch Kraft und Zuversicht entstehen. Shoko Suzuki ist Professorin für Philosophie der Erziehung an der Kyoto Universität und Mitglied der Japanischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Christoph Wulf ist Professor für Anthropologie und Erziehung an der Freien Universität Berlin und Vize-Präsident der Deutschen UNESCO-Kommission.
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    Auf dem Weg des Lebens (2024)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Leben und Tod sind unauflöslich miteinander verflochten. Um ein erfülltes Leben zu führen, ist eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Endlichkeit des Lebens erforderlich. Seit alters her ist daher die Kunst des Lebens mit der Kunst des Sterbens verbunden. In diesem Buch kommen asiatische und europäische Gedanken zu Worte. Sie dienen dazu, unser Verhältnis zum Leben und zum Tod besser zu begreifen. Dadurch entstehen neue Formen des Selbst- und Weltverständnisses. Unsere ähnlichen und unterschiedlichen Perspektiven eröffnen einen Raum der Reflexion und Meditation, in dem Sorge und Wehmut, aber auch Kraft und Zuversicht entstehen. Shoko Suzuki ist Professorin für Philosophie der Erziehung an der Kyoto Universität und Mitglied der Japanischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Christoph Wulf ist Professor für Anthropologie und Erziehung an der Freien Universität Berlin und Vize-Präsident der Deutschen UNESCO-Kommission.
    Keywords: Lebenskunst ; Leben ; Bildung ; Sterben ; Tod ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNA Philosophy and theory of education::JNAM Moral and social purpose of education
    Language: German
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  • 5
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    Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Systems (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Rivers, lakes and the ocean receive antibiotic resistance genes from human environments. The aquatic environments are a huge reservoir and exchange stage of antibiotic resistance genes.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; Gene reservoir ; aquatic environment ; Resistance enhancement factor ; horizontal gene transfer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    On the Frontiers of History (2021)
    ANU Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Why is it that we so readily accept the boundary lines drawn around nations or around regions like ‘Asia’ as though they were natural and self-evident, when in fact they are so mutable and often so very arbitrary? What happens to people not only when the borders they seek to cross become heavily guarded, but also when new borders are drawn straight through the middle of their lives? The essays in this book address these questions by starting from small places on the borderlands of East Asia and looking outwards from the small towards the large, asking what these ‘minor pasts’ tell us about the grand narratives of history. In the process, it takes the reader on a journey from Renaissance European visions of ‘Tartary’, through nineteenth-century racial theorising, imperial cartography and indigenous experiences of modernity, to contemporary debates about Big History in an age of environmental crisis.
    Keywords: history ; Asia ; borders ; Tartary ; East Asia ; boundaries ; cartography ; indigenous experience ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1F Asia ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies::JBSL1 Ethnic groups and multicultural studies
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter 2 Established and Emerging Techniques for Characterising the Formation, Structure and Performance of Calcified Structures under Ocean Acidification (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Ocean acidification (OA) is the decline in seawater pH and saturation levels of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals that has led to concerns for calcifying organisms such as corals, oysters and mussels because of the adverse effects of OA on their biomineralisation, shells and skeletons. A range of cellular biology, geochemistry and materials science approaches have been used to explore biomineralisation. These techniques have revealed that responses to seawater acidification can be highly variable among species, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unresolved. To assess the impacts of global OA, researchers will need to apply a range of tools developed across disciplines, many of which are emerging and have not yet been used in this context. This review outlines techniques that could be applied to study OA-induced alterations in the mechanisms of biomineralisation and their ultimate effects on shells and skeletons. We illustrate how to characterise, quantify and monitor the process of biomineralisation in the context of global climate change and OA. We highlight the basic principles, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of established, emerging and future techniques for OA researchers. A combination of these techniques will enable a holistic approach and better understanding of the potential impact of OA on biomineralisation and its consequences for marine calcifiers and associated ecosystems.
    Keywords: Structures ; techniques ; ocean acidification ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Natural Computing and Beyond (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book contains the joint proceedings of the Winter School of Hakodate (WSH) 2011 held in Hakodate, Japan, March 15–16, 2011, and the 6th International Workshop on Natural Computing (6th IWNC) held in Tokyo, Japan, March 28–30, 2012, organized by the Special Interest Group of Natural Computing (SIG-NAC), the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI). This volume compiles refereed contributions to various aspects of natural computing, ranging from computing with slime mold, artificial chemistry, eco-physics, and synthetic biology, to computational aesthetics.
    Keywords: QA75.5-76.95 ; TP248.13-248.65 ; TL1-4050 ; TS1-2301 ; Computational Biology/Bioinformatics ; Simulation and Modeling ; Models and Principles ; Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    A Comparative Study of the Formation of Contracts in Japanese, English, and German Law (2022)
    Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-22
    Description: The basic elements of a contract, namely, offer and acceptance, the intention to be bound, and consideration, and requirements of form found in English, German, and Japanese law are compared against the background of their historical development, the legal consciousness and practices existing in these countries. In this way, awareness is built both of the theoretical or practical differences and the underlying socio-cultural reasons. This in turn aids in the comprehension of why certain variations exist, which, although sometimes deceptively small, may have great importance for contracting in practice.
    Description: Published
    Description: The basic elements of a contract, namely, offer and acceptance, the intention to be bound, and consideration, and requirements of form found in English, German, and Japanese law are compared against the background of their historical development, the legal consciousness and practices existing in these countries. In this way, awareness is built both of the theoretical or practical differences and the underlying socio-cultural reasons. This in turn aids in the comprehension of why certain variations exist, which, although sometimes deceptively small, may have great importance for contracting in practice.
    Keywords: Angebot und Annahme, BGB, BGB Allgemeiner Teil, Bindungswille, Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Contracts in English Law, Contracts in German Law, Contracts in Japanese Law, Contracts in the Digital Economy, Japanese Law of Obligations, Law of Contract, Online Transactions, Real Estates, Schuldrecht, Types of Contract, Vertragsschluss, Willenserklärung, legal practice, contract formalities, contract form, signing, sealing, legal consciousness, legal history, German contract law, English contract law, Japanese contract law, comparative contract law, Contract formation ; LAM,LNB
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Viruses threatening stable production of cereal crops (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, and rice account for a majority of biomass produced globally in agriculture. Continuous economic and population growth especially in developing countries accompanied more intensive production of cereal crops to meet increasing demands for them as main staple foods and livestock feeds. However, imbalance between production and consumption of cereal crops, which is inevitably reflected as their higher market prices, is becoming palpable in recent years. Stable production of cereal crops has been threatened by various abiotic and biotic stresses. One of the most threatening constraints is virus diseases. Especially, intensification of cereal crop production is often achieved by monoculture of a popular crop variety in a wide area. Such agroecosystems with low biodiversity is usually more conducive to biotic stresses, and may result in the outbreaks of existing and emerging cereal viruses. Numerous reports on incidences of various virus diseases of cereal crops attested that viruses have been a long-standing obstacle eroding yields of cereal crops worldwide. Despite of the evident economic losses incurred by virus disease of cereal crops, the progress in basic research on virus species causing major diseases of cereal crops lagged behind compared to that carried out for viruses that can infect dicotyledonous plants. This was partially due to the lack of ideal experimental systems to investigate the interaction between viruses and monocotyledonous crops. For example, inoculation of many viruses to cereal plants still requires tedious manipulation of vector organisms, and reverse genetic systems are not available for many cereal viruses. However, application of latest molecular biology technologies has led to significant advance in cereal virology recently; transient gene expression systems through particle bombardment and agroinfiltration have been exploited to examine the functions of cereal virus proteins. Cell culture systems of vector insects enabled to investigate the molecular interactions between cereal viruses and insect vectors. Furthermore, RNAi technologies for vector insects and monocotyledonous plants facilitated identification of specific host and viral factors involved in viral replication and transmission cycles. Also, accumulating information on the genome sequences of cereal crop species has been simplifying the roadmap to pinpoint resistance genes against cereal viruses. The objective of this research topic is to provide and share the information which can contribute to advances in cereal virology by covering recent progresses in areas such as: 1) characterization of emerging viruses, 2) analyses of genetic and biological diversities within particular viruses, 3) development of experimental systems applicable to cereal viruses, 4) elucidation of the molecular interactions among viruses, vector organisms, and host plants, 5) identification of traits and genes linked to virus resistance in cereal crops, 6) development of novel genetic approaches for virus resistance, and 7) assessment of epidemiological factors affecting the incidences of cereal virus diseases. Synergistic integration of ideas from such areas under this research topic should help to formulate practical alternatives to the current management options for virus diseases in cereal crops.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; Insect vector ; cereal ; Luteovirus ; phytorevovirus ; barley ; Maize ; rice ; Tenuivirus ; Polerovirus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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