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  • 1
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    Multi-omic approach identifies a transcriptional network coupling innate immune response to proliferation in the blood of COVID-19 cancer patients (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-29
    Description: Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients are worsened by the presence of co-morbidities, especially cancer leading to elevated mortality rates. SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to alter immune system homeostasis. Whether cancer patients developing COVID-19 present alterations of immune functions which might contribute to worse outcomes have so far been poorly investigated. We conducted a multi-omic analysis of immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of COVID-19 patients with and without cancer. Healthy donors and SARS-CoV-2-negative cancer patients were also included as controls. At the infection peak, cytokine multiplex analysis of blood samples, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) cell population analyses, and Nanostring gene expression using Pancancer array on PBMCs were performed. We found that eight pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-1ra, MIP-1a, IP-10) out of 27 analyzed serum cytokines were modulated in COVID-19 patients irrespective of cancer status. Diverse subpopulations of T lymphocytes such as CD8+T, CD4+T central memory, Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), natural killer (NK), and γδ T cells were reduced, while B plasmablasts were expanded in COVID-19 cancer patients. Our findings illustrate a repertoire of aberrant alterations of gene expression in circulating immune cells of COVID-19 cancer patients. A 19-gene expression signature of PBMCs is able to discriminate COVID-19 patients with and without solid cancers. Gene set enrichment analysis highlights an increased gene expression linked to Interferon α, γ, α/β response and signaling which paired with aberrant cell cycle regulation in cancer patients. Ten out of the 19 genes, validated in a real-world consecutive cohort, were specific of COVID-19 cancer patients independently from different cancer types and stages of the diseases, and useful to stratify patients in a COVID-19 disease severity-manner. We also unveil a transcriptional network involving gene regulators of both inflammation response and proliferation in PBMCs of COVID-19 cancer patients.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Almeno una stella. Un progetto di tutoraggio per gli adolescenti immigrati (2021)
    FrancoAngeli
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The project "Almeno una stella" ("At least one star") is a network of welcome and accompaniment for teen immigrants, which are supported by tutors (the "stars" of the title) chosen among university young students. Many tutors has foreign origin and a past of migration in common with the boys that accompany. The project was experienced in six different territories: Milan (lead city), Turin, Bologna, Arezzo, the province of Trento, Friuli. The text describes the project, its protagonists and its local variations.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: immigration ; italy ; tutoring ; accompaniment ; welcome ; teen immigrants ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: Italian
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  • 3
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    DNA Methylation and Type 2 Diabetes: Novel Biomarkers for Risk Assessment? (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-28
    Description: Diabetes is a severe threat to global health. Almost 500 million people live with diabetes worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D patients are at risk of developing severe and life-threatening complications, leading to an increased need for medical care and reduced quality of life. Improved care for people with T2D is essential. Actions aiming at identifying undiagnosed diabetes and at preventing diabetes in those at high risk are needed as well. To this end, biomarker discovery and validation of risk assessment for T2D are critical. Alterations of DNA methylation have recently helped to better understand T2D pathophysiology by explaining differences among endophenotypes of diabetic patients in tissues. Recent evidence further suggests that variations of DNA methylation might contribute to the risk of T2D even more significantly than genetic variability and might represent a valuable tool to predict T2D risk. In this review, we focus on recent information on the contribution of DNA methylation to the risk and the pathogenesis of T2D. We discuss the limitations of these studies and provide evidence supporting the potential for clinical application of DNA methylation marks to predict the risk and progression of T2D.
    Print ISSN: 1661-6596
    Electronic ISSN: 1422-0067
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
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    Distributed fiber optic sensing observations at Etna volcano, Italy: An integrated vision (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Mount Etna (Sicilia, Italy) is one of the most active volcanoes worldwide, located at the boundary between the African and the Eurasian plates. It is characterized by the occurrence of many phenomena such as lava flows, ash eruptions, earthquakes. Its eastern flank is also characterized by a complex system of active faults, associated with an eastward flank movement, up until the submarine environment. As Etna flanks are densely inhabited areas, we aim at better understanding the link between these phenomena to better assess associated hazards and risks. Since 2018, we have been measuring several locations with Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing yearly, enabling us to observe strain at meter-scale spatial interval and on a broad frequency range. We show records and present results from selected cables. Close to the summit active craters, we interrogate dedicated cables, and could analyze the ground response in association with explosions and volcanic tremor. In urban areas, we interrogate telecommunication cables and record local earthquakes. In the submarine area, we interrogate a cable which crosses the North Alfeo fault with several different optical techniques. In the southern flank of the volcano, we show volcanic signals from a cable deployed in a borehole. We also demonstrate how simultaneous multi-fiber measurements can help constrain earthquake hypocenter location. We discuss opportunities and challenges of using fiber optic cable in various environments such as the Etna volcano and beyond, for an integrated vision from deep processes, their interaction with the sub-surface dynamics and the volcano-tectonic structures.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 5
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    Distributed dynamic strain sensing of very long period and long period events on telecom fiber-optic cables at Vulcano, Italy (2023)
    In:  Scientific Reports
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-11
    Description: Volcano-seismic signals can help for volcanic hazard estimation and eruption forecasting. However, the underlying mechanism for their low frequency components is still a matter of debate. Here, we show signatures of dynamic strain records from Distributed Acoustic Sensing in the low frequencies of volcanic signals at Vulcano Island, Italy. Signs of unrest have been observed since September 2021, with CO2 degassing and occurrence of long period and very long period events. We interrogated a fiber-optic telecommunication cable on-shore and off-shore linking Vulcano Island to Sicily. We explore various approaches to automatically detect seismo-volcanic events both adapting conventional algorithms and using machine learning techniques. During one month of acquisition, we found 1488 events with a great variety of waveforms composed of two main frequency bands (from 0.1 to 0.2 Hz and from 3 to 5 Hz) with various relative amplitudes. On the basis of spectral signature and family classification, we propose a model in which gas accumulates in the hydrothermal system and is released through a series of resonating fractures until the surface. Our findings demonstrate that fiber optic telecom cables in association with cutting-edge machine learning algorithms contribute to a better understanding and monitoring of volcanic hydrothermal systems.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Evaluation of regional climate models at multi-decadal time periods and across spatial scales in the European Alps (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-31
    Description: Mountain regions are especially sensitive to climatic changes. The complex local topography modulates meteorological and climatic patterns and simultaneously creates challenges in modeling and observing local-scale features. In this study, we present an extensive evaluation of an ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs) from EURO-CORDEX and bias adjusted simulations from CORDEX-Adjust, both at 12 km resolution, for the European Alps. These are compared with two higher resolution simulations from convection-permitting models at 4 and 2 km. The evaluation focuses on elevation-dependent biases in temperature and precipitation and multi-decadal time periods. We use APGD and EOBS as reference observations in addition to high-resolution national datasets. Preliminary results show a large variation in the RCMs’ capability to match observed temperature and precipitation elevation gradients, while bias adjustment can remove the overall cold and wet bias of the 12km RCMs in the Alps. Our results inform the application of both raw and bias-adjusted RCM simulations for impact analyses in the complex Alpine terrain. They furthermore provide a reference for the evaluation of upcoming CMIP6-based RCM ensembles at convection-permitting and conventional resolution.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    Distributed dynamic strain sensing of very long period and long period events on telecom fiber-optic cables at Vulcano, Italy (2023)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-05
    Description: Volcano-seismic signals can help for volcanic hazard estimation and eruption forecasting. However, the underlying mechanism for their low frequency components is still a matter of debate. Here, we show signatures of dynamic strain records from Distributed Acoustic Sensing in the low frequencies of volcanic signals at Vulcano Island, Italy. Signs of unrest have been observed since September 2021, with CO2 degassing and occurrence of long period and very long period events. We interrogated a fiber-optic telecommunication cable on-shore and off-shore linking Vulcano Island to Sicily. We explore various approaches to automatically detect seismo-volcanic events both adapting conventional algorithms and using machine learning techniques. During one month of acquisition, we found 1488 events with a great variety of waveforms composed of two main frequency bands (from 0.1 to 0.2 Hz and from 3 to 5 Hz) with various relative amplitudes. On the basis of spectral signature and family classification, we propose a model in which gas accumulates in the hydrothermal system and is released through a series of resonating fractures until the surface. Our findings demonstrate that fiber optic telecom cables in association with cutting-edge machine learning algorithms contribute to a better understanding and monitoring of volcanic hydrothermal systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4641
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    On the comparison of strain measurements from fibre optics with a dense seismometer array at Etna volcano (Italy) (2021)
    Egu-Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-05
    Description: We demonstrate the capability of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to record volcano-related dynamic strain at Etna (Italy). In summer 2019, we gathered DAS measurements from a 1.5 km long fibre in a shallow trench and seismic records from a conventional dense array comprised of 26 broadband sensors that was deployed in Piano delle Concazze close to the summit area. Etna activity during the acquisition period gives the extraordinary opportunity to record dynamic strain changes ( 10􀀀8 strain) in correspondence with volcanic events. To validate the DAS strain measurements, we explore array-derived methods to estimate strain changes from the seismic signals and to compare with strain DAS signals. A general good agreement is found between array-derived strain and DAS measurements along the fibre optic cable. Short wavelength discrepancies correspond with fault zones, showing the potential of DAS for mapping local perturbations of the strain field and thus site effect due to small-scale heterogeneities in volcanic settings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 993–1003
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: distributed acoustic sensing ; strain measurements ; Mt Etna
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    L’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia a “Futuro Remoto 2022”. La scienza e il pubblico dopo la pandemia (2023)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: After the pandemic period due to the spread of COVID-19, staff of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) with diversified skills and coming from different geographical areas has planned and organized the participation of the Institute in the XXXVI edition of the Futuro Remoto popular scientific event occurred in Naples from 22 to 27 November 2022, finally back in presence. Starting from the theme indicated by the organizers - called “Equilibrium” - the working group has developed a proposal entitled “Earth: in constant search for equilibrium”. The proposal has been articulated so as to start from the observation of the internal disequilibria that make the Earth a planet in continuous movement, up to the manifestations of the earth’s dynamics producing a significant impact on human life, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and climate changes. These themes have been illustrated with models, demonstrations with scientific instruments, interactive exhibits and videos. Thanks to the activities carried out, the visitors have been able to exchange their points of view with the INGV staff, developing reflections on the proposed topics. Very important for the successful interaction between the INGV personnel involved and the public was the climate of collaboration and harmony created thanks to proactive attitudes, professionalism and skills of the staff who have planned, organized and participated in the event.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-34
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Manifestazione di divulgazione scientifica, Interattività, Coinvolgimento del pubblico, Scientific dissemination event, Interactivity, Audience engagement ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Landscape, Memory, and Adverse Shocks: The 1968 Earthquake in Belìce Valley (Sicily, Italy): A Case Study (2023)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The interaction between humans and nature dramatically reveals the role of sudden and destructive events in the progressive and never-ending trend of depletion of the territorial dimension of the Belìce Valley (Valle del Belìce, Sicily, Italy). If on the one hand a tragic event, such as the earthquake of 1968, that destroyed towns and villages in the Belìce Valley, represented a moment of pain and suffering for local communities and their territories, on the other, more than 50 years after the event, we are able to shed light on the reaction to the earthquake effects through an in-depth analysis of the heritage of the physical and immaterial rubble. Our research is aimed at framing, through special geovisual tools, the paths of this rebuilding process and to verify whether the “new” interaction of humans and nature has reached an acceptable balance. After introducing the concept of landscape and investigating some local manifestations within the Belìce Valley, we tackle the technical question of re-photography as a powerful and quick method for observing the territorial changes that occurred after the earthquake. This approach is based on the collection of historical photographs and, subsequently, onsite activities for the creation of a contemporary archive of images. The method used for comparing the images was that of re-photographic overlapping, a useful technique to compare different moments of the history of a landscape and to analyze the effectiveness of the process of rebuilding. Finally, this analysis introduces us to a new perspective where in our opinion, it is possible to frame some features of the Belìce Valley and some more general aspects that are useful for other territories hit by destructive events and having to face choices related to the future of their communities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 754
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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