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  • 1
    Keywords: Medical genetics. ; Biomedical engineering. ; Biotechnology. ; Pharmaceutical chemistry. ; Medical Genetics. ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. ; Biotechnology. ; Pharmaceutics.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Therapeutic potential of microRNAs and their nanoparticle-based delivery in the treatment of liver fibrosis -- 2. MicroRNA as a versatile regulator of Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer -- 3. Small Activating RNA Therapy for Angiogenesis -- 4. Muscular dystrophy therapy using viral vector-based CRISPR/Cas -- 5. CRISPR-Cas based gene therapy to target viral infections -- 6. CRISPR targeting the integrated HTLV-1 virus -- 7. Retroviral vectors for gene therapy of monogenic diseases -- 8. DNA Origami Nanodevices for Therapeutic Delivery Applications.
    Abstract: The purpose of this book is to highlight some of latest developments and applications of CRISPR, RNA, and DNA to treat diseases ranging from cancers to cardiovascular and degenerative disorders. It also features innovations of the delivery methods for nucleic acids ranging from nanodevices made from DNA and pseudo amino acids to viral vectors. This is an ideal book for academics, clinicians, and students interested in gene therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 203 p. 26 illus., 23 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030933333
    DDC: 616.042
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-06-08
    Description: Previous paleolimnological studies demonstrated that the sediments of Garba Guracha, situated at 3950 m asl in the afro-alpine zone of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia, provide a complete Late Glacial and Holocene paleoclimate and environmental archive. We revisited Garba Guracha in order to retrieve new sediment cores and to apply new environmental proxies, e.g. charcoal, diatoms, biomarkers, and stable isotopes. Our chronology is established using 210Pb dating and radiocarbon dating of bulk sedimentary organic matter, bulk n-alkanes, and charcoal. Although bedrock was not reached during coring, basal ages confirm that sedimentation started at the earliest ~ 16 cal kyr BP. The absence of a systematic age offset for the n-alkanes suggests that “pre-aging” is not a prominent issue in this lake, which is characterised by a very small afro-alpine catchment. X-ray fluorescence scans and total organic carbon contents show a prominent transition from minerogenic to organic-rich sediments around 11 cal kyr BP coinciding with the Holocene onset. While an unambiguous terrestrial versus aquatic source identification seems challenging, the n-alkane-based Paq proxy, TOC/N ratios, δ13C values, and the sugar biomarker patterns suggest a predominantly autochthonous organic matter source. Supraregional climate events, such as the African Humid Period, the Younger Dryas (YD), a 6.5 cal kyr BP short drying event, and the 4.2 cal kyr BP transition to overall drier climate are recorded in our archive. The Garba Guracha record suggests that northern hemisphere forcings played a role in the Eastern African highland paleoclimate.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Paleolimnology ; Afro-alpine ; Radiocarbon dating ; XRF scanning ; Sedimentation rate ; Biomarkers
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The results of a search for gluino and squark pair production with the pairs decaying via the lightest charginos into a final state consisting of two W bosons, the lightest neutralinos ($$ilde{chi }^0_1$$ χ ~ 1 0 ), and quarks, are presented: the signal is characterised by the presence of a single charged lepton ($$e^{pm }$$ e ± or $$mu ^{pm }$$ μ ± ) from a W boson decay, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The analysis is performed using 139 fb$$^{-1}$$ - 1 of proton–proton collision data taken at a centre-of-mass energy $$sqrt{s}=13$$ s = 13   delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS experiment. No statistically significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is found. Limits are set on the direct production of squarks and gluinos in simplified models. Masses of gluino (squark) up to 2.2  (1.4 ) are excluded at 95% confidence level for a light $$ilde{chi }^0_1$$ χ ~ 1 0 .
    Print ISSN: 1434-6044
    Electronic ISSN: 1434-6052
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others’ work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Description: On 30 October 2020 at 11:51 UT, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in the Dodecanese sea (37.84°N, 26.81°E, 10 km depth), that generated a tsunami with an observed run-up of more than 1 meter on the Turkish coasts. Both the earthquake and the tsunami produced acoustic and gravity waves that propagated upward, triggering co-seismic and co-tsunamic ionospheric disturbances. This paper presents a multi-instrumental study of the ionospheric impact of the earthquake and related tsunami based on ionosonde data, ground-based and Swarm-based GNSS receivers, and Jason3/DORIS [L1] receivers in the Mediterranean region. Our study focuses on the Total Electron Content derived from the European GNSS network, Swarm, and Jason3, to describe the propagation of Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs), possibly related to gravity waves triggered by the earthquake and tsunami. We use simultaneous vertical ionosonde soundings to study the interactions between the upper and lower atmosphere. The results of this study provide a detailed picture of the Litosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling in the scarcely investigated area that is the Mediterranean region.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-06-22
    Description: Sediment load is a key issue on the research of the Yellow River Basin (YRB), which is influenced by climate change and human activities. Understanding sediment load changes in the YRB is crucial for managing water resources and mitigating downstream hazards. In this study, based on geomorphology-based eco-hydrological model (GBEHM), a distributed eco-hydro-sediment model is developed to simulate the runoff and sediment processes, considering hillslope erosion and river sediment transport processes in the sediment module. The model is calibrated and validated by hydrological observations at 36 stations during 1960-2019. Based on the simulated results, the sediment dynamics and the influencing factors are analyzed. In the 1960s, the sediment load was mainly related to precipitation with a correlation coefficient of 0.68. Sediment load decreased significantly since the 1970s, especially since 2000, due to human activities such as the construction of terraces, check dams and vegetation restoration. The model can reflect the temporal and spatial variations of soil erosion and sediment transport, providing useful information for sediment load prediction and future management in the YRB.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-07-03
    Description: Looking at the past sharpens our understanding of possible future climate changes. We focus on Earth system modeling, paleoclimate data analysis, and theoretical aspects. Predicting the future spread of possible climates, the risk of climate extremes and the risk of rapid transitions is of high relevance. The past provides evidence of abrupt climate change and the frequency of extremes. Earth system models applied both to past and future scenarios enhance our ability to detect regime shifts in climates and extremes. We consider the response of the system to long-term forcing and then focus on shorter time scales down to weather. Particular aspects are: Model resolution matters for climate change and extremes; recorder systems such as O, H, C-isotopes enable a suitable interpretation of the past; data assimilation can yield a dynamically consistent picture. New high-resolution models can quantify the feedbacks in the atmosphere-ocean-ice system and inform us about the full range of climate variability and extremes.With our holistic approach, we seek to overcome known biases of deep-time polar amplification, the stochastic nature of centennial-to-millennial climate variability, as well as extremes. Here, we put emphasis on the concept of a hierarchy of models as this provides a linkage between theoretical understanding and the complexity of the system. Lohmann, Butzin, Eissner, Shi, Stepanek, 2020: Abrupt climate and weather changes across timescales. Paleoc. Paleoclim., doi:10.1029/2019PA003782 Lohmann, 2020: Temperatures from energy balance models: the effective heat capacity matters. ESD, doi:10.5194/esd-11-1195-2020 Contzen, Dickhaus, Lohmann, 2023: Long-term temporal evolution of temperature extreme in a warming Earth. PLOS, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0280503
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-04-18
    Description: Above-ground biomass (AGB) is considered an essential climate variable that underpins our knowledge and information about the role of forests in mitigating climate change. The availability of satellite-based AGB and AGB change ( AGB) products has increased in recent years. Here we assessed the past decade net AGB derived from four recent global multi-date AGB maps: ESA-CCI maps, WRI-Flux model, JPL time series, and SMOS-LVOD time series. Our assessments explore and use different reference data sources with biomass re-measurements within the past decade. The reference data comprise National Forest Inventory (NFI) plot data, local AGB maps from airborne LiDAR, and selected Forest Resource Assessment country data from countries with well-developed monitoring capacities. Map to reference data comparisons were performed at levels ranging from 100 m to 25 km spatial scale. The comparisons revealed that LiDAR data compared most reasonably with the maps, while the comparisons using NFI only showed some agreements at aggregation levels 10 km. Regardless of the aggregation level, AGB losses and gains according to the map comparisons were consistently smaller than the reference data. Map-map comparisons at 25 km highlighted that the maps consistently captured AGB losses in known deforestation hotspots. The comparisons also identified several carbon sink regions consistently detected by all maps. However, disagreement between maps is still large in key forest regions such as the Amazon basin. The overall AGB map cross-correlation between maps varied in the range 0.11–0.29 (r). Reported AGB magnitudes were largest in the high-resolution datasets including the CCI map differencing (stock change) and Flux model (gain-loss) methods, while they were smallest according to the coarser-resolution LVOD and JPL time series products, especially for AGB gains. Our results suggest that AGB assessed from current maps can be biased and any use of the estimates should take that into account. Currently, AGB reference data are sparse especially in the tropics but that deficit can be alleviated by upcoming LiDAR data networks in the context of Supersites and GEO-Trees.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-04
    Description: Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is a viable technique to stimulate the productivity of unconventional hydrocarbon resources. However the mobility of injected fluid in HF plays a critical role in controlling fault reactivation and consequently induced seismicity. Yet tracking the injected fluids underground remains challenging because of the limited resolution in traditional approaches. In this study, we attempt to investigate the possible controlling mechanisms of induced seismicity in the Weiyuan shale gas field in Sichuan, China using a dense temporary seismic network that was deployed between April to June 2020. We apply the frequency index to analyze the impact of injected fluid on event waveforms and classify them based on the low/high-frequency components. We assess the potential controlling mechanism of these waveforms, including source, path, or injected fluid, and evaluate with waveform analysis. Our results reveal that low-frequency waveforms (LFW) are prominent in a certain azimuth range which rules out the possibility of source effects. Meanwhile, most of these LFW are constrained temporally and spatially and unlikely to be path effects. Furthermore, waveforms from nearly collocated earthquakes at different depths have distinct frequency contents. P phases are relatively unaffected, compared to highly attenuated S phases which suggest that absorption might be a key factor, instead of scattering. We identify a zone with congregated fluid near hydraulic fracturing platforms which might be responsible for LFW when ray paths encounter. Such fluid may trigger delayed seismicity or upward fluid migration which poses challenges to establishing an effective mitigation strategy for potential seismic risk.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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