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  • 2020-2024  (198)
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  • 1
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    transcript Verlag
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Beschränkte sich die Kritik der Kulturindustrie, die Adorno und Horkheimer in ihrer Gemeinschaftsarbeit »Dialektik der Aufklärung« entwickelt haben, darauf, dass sie bloß den Kommerz und Ausverkauf der Kultur monierten? Und erklärten sie die Massen für zu dumm, das Unterhaltungsangebot als stumpfsinnigen Betrug zu durchschauen? Entgegen dieser gängigen Lesart der Kulturindustriethese interpretiert Roger Behrens den Begriff als zentrale Kategorie einer kritischen Theorie der Gesellschaft. Die Kritik der Kulturindustrie bewahrt ihre Aktualität angesichts der neueren Entwicklung - Stichwort »Popkultur« - als radikale Diagnose einer von der ökonomischen Verwertungslogik bestimmten Gesellschaft. Die kritische Theorie der Kulturindustrie konstatiert, dass von der Kulturindustrie durchaus mehr Befriedigung und Glück erwartet werden darf, als heute dem Publikum vermittelt wird. Das Publikum ist keineswegs zu dumm, um sich mit den angebotenen Kulturwaren zu bescheiden, sondern verfügt über genügend Phantasie, sich eine bessere Welt vorzustellen, die freilich mehr menschliches Glück garantiert als die durch das abstrakte Profitmotiv vermittelte Ideologie der Kulturindustrie. - Nicht die Kultur gilt es abzuschaffen, sondern die Gesellschaft selbst muss verändert werden, um das Recht der Menschen auf gute Unterhaltung zu gewährleisten.
    Keywords: Dialektik ; Kulturindustrie ; Adorno ; Horkheimer ; Pop ; Massenkultur ; Kritische Theorie ; Popkultur ; Kulturphilosophie ; Sozialphilosophie ; Philosophie ; Critical Theory ; Popular Culture ; Philosophy of Culture ; Social Philosophy ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: German
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  • 2
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    Edition Open Access | Edition Open Access Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Biomass will play an important role in the future for the replacement of fossil sources for fuels and chemicals. Catalytic processes are required for the efficient conversion of biomass. The development of such processes and the understanding of the catalytic reactions of biomass molecules has recently attracted considerable and increasing attention. In this book, thirteen experts in different fields deliver their views on the state-of-the-art and future development of the use of biomass as a sustainable feedstock for the chemical industry. The book focuses on chemical aspects, such as catalyst development product analysis or reaction engineering, but also seeks a wider perspective and convers related issues like bioeconomics and plant growth. This book is aimed at students and scientists in the interdisciplinary field of catalysis for an introduction to the emerging field of biomass conversion and an overview on recent developments and challenges. The papers are based on lectures presented by the authors at a summer school organized by the Fritz-Haber-Institut and held in August 2010 at Kloster Seeon in Germany in the framework of the National Science Foundation-funded program Partnership in International Research and Education: Molecular Engineering for the Conversion of Biomass Derived Reactants to Fuels, Chemicals, and Materials.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; chemistry ; energy challenge ; biomass conversion ; MPRL ; Edition Open Access ; catalysis ; sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    UCT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: In recent years there has been a growing consensus among town planners, and other involved professionals, that a change of approach is required. This shift has been fuelled by the demise of apartheid-based town planning and an acceptance that urban reconstruction and development is a priority. An important gap, however, has been the absence of an alternative concept of urban spatial organisation. The intention of this book is to provide guidance to professionals involved in layout planning, by putting forward an approach which is significantly different from that which has prevailed in South Africa in recent decades. The authors stress the need for uniqueness in settlement formation and argue amongst other things, for pedestrian-oriented road geometries, integrated neighbourhoods, extroverted public facilities and an emphasis on the collective functions of services, instead of more conventional car-oriented road geometries, neighbourhood cells, introverted public facilities and an emphasis on residential service functions.
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    Publication Date: 2022-05-12
    Description: Für die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung ist der über den versicherungstechnischen Risikoausgleich einer Individualversicherung hinausgehende Gedanke des sozialen Ausgleichs konstitutiv, auf dem die vielfältigen Verteilungswirkungen beruhen. In Fortführung der wenigen bisher vorliegenden Arbeiten erfolgt hier die Analyse und Quantifizierung der intertemporalen Verteilungswirkungen; nur sie können hinreichend Aufschluß darüber geben, ob und in welchem Umfang die GKV ihre distributive Funktion erfüllt. Die Modellrechnungen bestätigen im wesentlichen die Hypothesen zur Wirkungsrichtung der familienspezifischen Umverteilung auch in einer den Lebenszyklus der Versicherteneinheiten umfassenden Betrachtung. Neben dieser Intrakohortenumverteilung kommt es allerdings angesichts der dramatischen demographischen Entwicklung in den nächsten Jahrzehnten zu einer deutlichen Interkohortenumverteilung zu Lasten insbesondere der Versicherteneinheiten der Geburtenjahrgänge zwischen etwa 1970 und 2020/30. Die mithin gefährdete gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz des Generationenvertrages in der GKV erfordert die Neugestaltung des Finanzierungssystems; eine Alternative stellt das Kapitaldeckungsverfahren mit risikoorientierten Prämien dar.
    Keywords: Behrens ; Bundesrepublik ; Deutschland ; gesetzlichen ; Intertemporale ; Krankenversicherung ; Verteilungswirkungen ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCQ Health economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCR Welfare economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues
    Language: German
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: In situ profiles and fixed-altitude time series of all four components of net radiation were obtained at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.9° N, 11.9° E), in the period May 04–21, 2015. Measurements were performed using adapted high-quality instrumentation classified as “secondary standard” carried by a tethered balloon system. Balloon-lifted measurements of albedo under clear-sky conditions demonstrate the local dependence on altitude and on the surface inhomogeneity of this parameter over coastal terrain of Ny-Ålesund. Depending on the surface composition within the sensor’s footprint near the coastline, the albedo over predominantly snow-covered surfaces was found to decrease to 0.548 and 0.452 at 494 m and 881 m altitude compared with 0.731 and 0.788 measured with near-surface references, respectively. Albedo profiles show an all-sky maximum at 150 m above surface level due to local surface inhomogeneity, and an averaged vertical change rate of − 0.040/100 up to 750 m aboveground level (clear sky) and − 0.034/100 m (overcast). Profiling of arctic low-level clouds reveals distinct vertical gradients in all radiative fluxes but longwave upward at the cloud top. Observed radiative cooling at the top of a partly dissolving stratus cloud with heating rates of − 40.4 to − 62.1 Kd−1 in subsequent observations is exemplified.
    Description: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutscher Wetterdienst, vertreten durch den Vorstand, Deutsche Meteorologische Bibliothek (4242)
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; Atmosphere ; Arctic ; In-situ profiling ; Albedo ; Clouds ; Heating rates
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Species invasions often occur on coasts and estuaries where abiotic conditions vary, e.g. salinity, temperature, runoff etc. Successful establishment and dispersal of non-indigenous species in many such systems are poorly understood, partially since the species tend to show genetic and ecological plasticity at population level towards many abiotic conditions, including salinity tolerance. Plasticity may be driven by shifting expression of heat shock proteins such as Hsp70, which is widely recognized as indicator of physical stress. In this study, we developed a qPCR assay for expression of the hsp70 gene in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and tested the expression response of fish collected from a brackish environment in the western Baltic Sea to three different salinities, 0, 10 and 30. hsp70 expression was highest in fresh water, indicating higher stress, and lower at brackish (ambient condition for the sampled population) and oceanic salinities, suggestive of low stress response to salinities above the population’s current distribution. The highest stress in fresh water was surprising since populations in fresh water exist, e.g. large European rivers and Laurentian Great Lakes. The results have implications to predictions for the species’ plasticity potential and possible range expansion of the species into other salinity regimes.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The scalability of the atmospheric model ECHAM6 at low resolution, as used in palaeoclimate simulations, suffers from the limited number of grid points. As a consequence, the potential of current high-performance computing architectures cannot be used at full scale for such experiments, particularly within the available domain decomposition approach. Radiation calculations are a relatively expensive part of the atmospheric simulations, taking up to approximately 50 % or more of the total runtime. This current level of cost is achieved by calculating the radiative transfer only once in every 2 h of simulation. In response, we propose extending the available concurrency within the model further by running the radiation component in parallel with other atmospheric processes to improve scalability and performance. This paper introduces the concurrent radiation scheme in ECHAM6 and presents a thorough analysis of its impact on the performance of the model. It also evaluates the scientific results from such simulations. Our experiments show that ECHAM6 can achieve a speedup of over 1.9× using the concurrent radiation scheme. By performing a suite of stand-alone atmospheric experiments, we evaluate the influence of the concurrent radiation scheme on the scientific results. The simulated mean climate and internal climate variability by the concurrent radiation generally agree well with the classical radiation scheme, with minor improvements in the mean atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere and the atmospheric teleconnection to the Southern Annular Mode. This empirical study serves as a successful example that can stimulate research on other concurrent components in atmospheric modelling whenever scalability becomes challenging.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: During the 2010s, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. in the eastern Baltic Sea experienced increasing infection loads of the parasitic nematode Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi) in their livers. Starting in 2021, a mandatory part of the routine sampling protocol on Baltic monitoring surveys is to assign a liver category to individual cod livers, based on the number of nematodes visible on the liver surface, to follow spatiotemporal changes in nematode infection loads. The validity of the liver category method has never been evaluated. Based on data from 642 cod livers, the method was verified and found to be a good predictor of the total number of nematodes. Moreover, the probability of cod being in a critical condition increased with the parasite load. In addition to their direct applicability to Baltic cod, the present findings may inspire others working with disease in fish stocks to include parasite monitoring.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: Glacio-eustatic cycles lead to changes in sedimentation on all types of continental margins. There is, however, a paucity of sedimentation rate data over eustatic sea-level cycles in active subduction zones. During International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 375, coring of the upper ∼110 m of the northern Hikurangi Trough Site U1520 recovered a turbidite-dominated succession deposited during the last ∼45 kyrs (Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1–3). We present an age model integrating radiocarbon dates, tephrochronology, and δ18O stratigraphy, to evaluate the bed recurrence interval (RI) and sediment accumulation rate (SAR). Our analyses indicate mean bed RI varies from ∼322 yrs in MIS1, ∼49 yrs in MIS2, and ∼231 yrs in MIS3. Large (6-fold) and abrupt variations in SAR are recorded across MIS transitions, with rates of up to ∼10 m/kyr occurring during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and 〈1 m/kyr during MIS1 and 3. The pronounced variability in SAR, with extremely high rates during the LGM, even for a subduction zone, are the result of changes in regional sediment supply associated with climate-driven changes in terrestrial catchment erosion, and critical thresholds of eustatic sea-level change altering the degree of sediment bypassing the continental shelf and slope via submarine canyon systems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0043-1354
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2448
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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