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  • 2020-2024  (32)
  • 1970-1974  (297)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    My Thoughts on Biological Evolution (2020)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences. ; Evolution (Biology). ; Life Sciences. ; Evolutionary Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: In Memory -- Translators’ Notes -- Preface -- Chapter I: Diversity of Organisms and Views on Evolution -- Chapter II: History of the Development of the Theory of Evolutionary Mechanism on the Basis of Genetics -- Chapter III: Tracing the Course of Evolution -- Chapter IV: Mutation as an Evolutionary Factor -- Chapter V: On Natural Selection and Adaptation -- Chapter VI: Introduction to Population Genetics -- Chapter VII: Introduction to Molecular Evolution -- Chapter VIII: The Neutral Theory and Molecular Evolution -- Chapter IX: An Evolutionary Genetic World View.
    Abstract: This book, written by Motoo Kimura (1924–94), is a classic in evolutionary biology. In 1968, Kimura proposed the “neutral theory of molecular evolution”, which became the theoretical basis of modern evolutionary studies. After publishing his work in 1983 in the book “Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution”, Kimura wrote this book in 1988 for the general public. It was originally written in Japanese and is translated here for the first time. In the book, Kimura first summarizes the development of evolutionary theory since Lamarck and Darwin. He then shows how the search for mechanisms of evolution developed into population genetics and describes how the study of molecular evolution matured by taking in the fruits of molecular biology. Kimura proceeds to carefully explain his neutral evolution theory at the molecular level. Finally, he presents his view of the world from an evolutionary perspective. The book has long served as an in-depth introduction to evolutionary biology for students and young researchers in Japan. There has been remarkably rapid progress in the field of bioscience at the molecular level over the past 30 years. Nevertheless, the book remains an important contribution that laid the foundations for what followed in molecular evolutionary studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 152 p. 24 illus., 2 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811561658
    Series Statement: Evolutionary Studies,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6165-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6165-8
    DDC: 570
    Language: English
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantitative Biology : A Practical Introduction (2022)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Cytology. ; Bioinformatics. ; Biophysics. ; Biomathematics. ; Cell Biology. ; Bioinformatics. ; Biophysics. ; Computational and Systems Biology. ; Computational and Systems Biology. ; Mathematical and Computational Biology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction to Quantitative Biology -- Chapter 2: Architectonics of the Cell -- Chapter 3: Mechanics of the Cell -- Chapter 4: Implementing Toy Models in Microsoft Excel -- Chapter 5: Implementing Toy Models in Python -- Chapter 6: Differential Equations to Describe Temporal Changes -- Chapter 7: Diversity of the Cell -- Chapter 8: Randomness, diffusion, and probability -- Chapter 9: Self-Organization of the Cell -- Chapter 10: Modeling feedback regulations Chapter 11: Development of the Cell over Time (Perspectives).
    Abstract: This textbook is for biologists, to conduct quantitative analysis and modeling of biological processes at molecular and cellular levels. Focusing on practical concepts and techniques for everyday research, this text will enable beginners, both students and established biologists, to take the first step in quantitative biology. It also provides step-by-step tutorials to run various sample programs in one’s personal computer using Excel and Python. This volume traces topics, starting with an introductory chapter, such as modeling, construction and execution of numerical models, and key concepts in quantitative biology: feedback regulations, fluctuations and randomness, and statistical analyses. It also provide sample codes with guidance to procedure programming for actual biological processes such as movement of the nucleus within a cell, cell-cycle regulation, stripe pattern formation of skins, and distribution of energy. Written by a leading research scientist who has a background in biology, studied quantitative approaches by himself, and teaches quantitative biology at several universities, this textbook broadens quantitative approaches for biologists who do not have a strong background in mathematics, physics, or computer programming, and helps them progress further in their research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XII, 130 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9789811650185
    Series Statement: Learning Materials in Biosciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5018-5
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-5018-5
    DDC: 571.6
    Language: English
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 3
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    Modelling cometary meteoroid stream traverses of the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) spacecraft en route to Phobos (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-27
    Description: The Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) spacecraft is a JAXA mission to Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. MMX will be equipped with the Circum-Martian Dust Monitor (CMDM) which is a newly developed light-weight (650g) large area (1m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) dust impact detector. Cometary meteoroid streams (also referred to as trails) exist along the orbits of comets, forming fine structures of the interplanetary dust cloud. The streams consist predominantly of the largest cometary particles (with sizes of approximately 100μm to 1 cm) which are ejected at low speeds and remain very close to the comet orbit for several revolutions around the Sun. The Interplanetary Meteoroid Environment for eXploration (IMEX) dust streams in space model is a new and recently published universal model for cometary meteoroid streams in the inner Solar System. We use IMEX to study the detection conditions of cometary dust stream particles with CMDM during the MMX mission in the time period 2024 to 2028. The model predicts traverses of 12 cometary meteoroid streams with fluxes of 100μm and bigger particles of at least 10〈sup〉-3〈/sup〉m〈sup〉-2〈/sup〉day〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 during a total time period of approximately 90 days. The highest flux of 0.15m〈sup〉-2〈/sup〉day〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 is predicted for comet 114P/Wiseman-Skiff in October 2026. With its large detection area and high sensitivity CMDM will be able to detect cometary meteoroid streams en route to Phobos. Our simulation results for the Mars orbital phase of MMX also predict the occurrence of meteor showers in the Martian atmosphere which may be observable from the Martian surface with cameras on board landers or rovers. Finally, the IMEX model can be used to study the impact hazards imposed by meteoroid impacts onto large-area spacecraft structures that will be particularly necessary for crewed deep space missions.
    Description: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (2)
    Keywords: Comets ; Meteoroid trails ; Meteoroid streams ; Interplanetary dust ; Martian moons ; Phobos ; Deimos ; Martian Moons Exploration ; MMX
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
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    Isolation of heterogeneous lymphocytes according to their cellular densities by multilayer centrifugation and detection of the separated fraction containing the immunological memory cells (1970)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4827
    Electronic ISSN: 1090-2422
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Pathophysiology and epidemiology of virus-induced asthma (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Virus-caused asthma, we now call a phenotype of asthma. Regardless of the significance and popularity of this disease, the etiology of the virus-induced asthma have not well understood. In addition, a few effective vaccines have been applied to prevent respiratory virus infection. To solve the issues, it is essential to clarify and delineate both aspects of the virus and host defense systems including acute/chronic inflammation and airway tissue remodeling. To deeply review and discuss pathophysiology and epidemiology of virus-induced asthma, this topics includes new findings of the host immunity, pathology, epidemiology, and virology of asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We believe that these works are well summarized and informative to glimpse the field of virus- associated asthma and COPD, and may help understanding the basic and clinical aspects of the diseases.
    Keywords: QR1-502 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; virus-induced asthma ; Pathology ; respiratory virus ; human immunity ; Epidemiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 6
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    Quantitative Biology: Dynamics of Living Systems (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: With the emergence of Systems Biology, there is a greater realization that the whole behavior of a living system may not be simply described as the sum of its elements. To represent a living system using mathematical principles, practical quantities with units are required. Quantities are not only the bridge between mathematical description and biological observations; they often stand as essential elements similar to genome information in genetics. This important realization has greatly rejuvenated research in the area of Quantitative Biology. Because of the increased need for precise quantification, a new era of technological development has opened. For example, spatio-temporal high-resolution imaging enables us to track single molecule behavior in vivo. Clever artificial control of experimental conditions and molecular structures has expanded the variety of quantities that can be directly measured. In addition, improved computational power and novel algorithms for analyzing theoretical models have made it possible to investigate complex biological phenomena. This research topic is organized on two aspects of technological advances which are the backbone of Quantitative Biology: (i) visualization of biomolecules, their dynamics and function, and (ii) generic technologies of model optimization and numeric integration. We have also included articles highlighting the need for new quantitative approaches to solve some of the long-standing cell biology questions. In the first section on visualizing biomolecules, four cutting-edge techniques are presented. Ichimura et al. provide a review of quantum dots including their basic characteristics and their applications (for example, single particle tracking). Horisawa discusses a quick and stable labeling technique using click chemistry with distinct advantages compared to fluorescent protein tags. The relatively small physical size, stability of covalent bond and simple metabolic labeling procedures in living cells provides this type of technology a potential to allow long-term imaging with least interference to protein function. Obien et al. review strategies to control microelectrodes for detecting neuronal activity and discuss techniques for higher resolution and quality of recordings using monolithic integration with on-chip circuitry. Finally, the original research article by Amariei et al. describes the oscillatory behavior of metabolites in bacteria. They describe a new method to visualize the periodic dynamics of metabolites in large scale cultures populations. These four articles contribute to the development of quantitative methods visualizing diverse targets: proteins, electrical signals and metabolites. In the second section of the topic, we have included articles on the development of computational tools to fully harness the potential of quantitative measurements through either calculation based on specific model or validation of the model itself. Kimura et al. introduce optimization procedures to search for parameters in a quantitative model that can reproduce experimental data. They present four examples: transcriptional regulation, bacterial chemotaxis, morphogenesis of tissues and organs, and cell cycle regulation. The original research article by Sumiyoshi et al. presents a general methodology to accelerate stochastic simulation efforts. They introduce a method to achieve 130 times faster computation of stochastic models by applying GPGPU. The strength of such accelerated numerical calculation are sometimes underestimated in biology; faster simulation enables multiple runs and in turn improved accuracy of numerical calculation which may change the final conclusion of modeling study. This also highlights the need to carefully assess simulation results and estimations using computational tools.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; QP1-981 ; QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; fluorescence chemistry ; numerical integration ; molecular crowding ; quantum dot ; cell division ; data visualization ; imaging ; model optimization ; GPGPU ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 7
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    Hidden Hunger (2021)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: For decades, NGOs targeting world hunger focused on ensuring that adequate quantities of food were being sent to those in need. In the 1990s, the international food policy community turned its focus to the “hidden hunger” of micronutrient deficiencies, a problem that resulted in two scientific solutions: fortification, the addition of nutrients to processed foods, and biofortification, the modification of crops to produce more nutritious yields. This hidden hunger was presented as a scientific problem to be solved by “experts” and scientifically engineered smart foods rather than through local knowledge, which was deemed unscientific and, hence, irrelevant. In Hidden Hunger, Aya Hirata Kimura explores this recent emphasis on micronutrients and smart foods within the international development community and, in particular, how the voices of women were silenced despite their expertise in food purchasing and preparation.
    Keywords: Sociology ; NGOs ; food policy ; asia ; indonesia ; women ; development ; nutrition ; Golden rice ; Micronutrient ; Wheat flour ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 8
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    Obesity and Diabetes: Energy Regulation by Free Fatty Acid Receptors (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Food intake regulates energy balance and its dysregulation leads to metabolic disorder, such as obesity and diabetes. During feeding, free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutrients but also act as signaling molecules in various cellular processes. Recently, several orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that act as FFA receptors (FFARs) have been identified; GPR40/FFAR1, GPR119, and GPR120 are activated by medium- and long-chain FFAs. GPR84 is activated by medium-chain FFAs. GPR41/FFAR3 and GPR43/FFAR2 are activated by short-chain FFAs. These FFARs have come to be regarded as new drug targets for metabolic disorder such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, because a number of pharmacological and physiological studies have shown that these receptors are primarily involved in the energy metabolism in various tissues; insulin secretion, gastrointestinal hormone secretion, adipokine secretion, regulation of inflammation, regulation of autonomic nervous system, relation to gut microbiota, and so on. This Research Topic provides a comprehensive overview of the energy regulation by free fatty acid receptors and a new prospect for treatment of metabolic disorder such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
    Keywords: RC648-665 ; R5-920 ; microbiota ; Obesity ; GPCRs ; Insulin Resistance ; FFARs ; SCFAs ; free fatty acids ; Metabolism ; diabetes ; energy homeostasis
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 9
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    Recent Advances in Doppler Signal Processing and Modelling Techniques for Fetal Monitoring (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: The guest editors of this eBook have accepted 10 very high-quality submissions for inclusion in a special issue of Frontiers in Physiology. The key difference between this eBook and contemporary fetal physiology related literature is that this Research Topic summarizes additional insights into the physiological link between physiologically understandable mathematical indices of fetal signals and the developing cardiovascular functions in fetal health and compromises. This book should be of considerable help to researchers, professionals in fetal monitoring device industries, academics, and graduate students from a wide range of disciplines. The text provides a comprehensive account of recent research in this emerging field and we anticipate that the concepts presented here will generate further research in this field.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; fetal monitoing ; fetal mouse ; fetal Doppler ; abdominal phonogram ; fetal ECG ; fetal heart rate ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 10
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    Experimental study on tsunami generated by three-dimensional landslides (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: Since tsunamis generated by submarine and subaerial landslides occur less frequently than tsunamis generated by fault movement, the actual behavior of landslide tsunamis is not well understood. Experimental and analytical studies have been conducted on submarine and subaerial landslide tsunamis, but there are fewer research examples than tsunamis generated by fault movement. In addition, experiments using two-dimensional flume have been mainly conducted, and there are few examples of examinations of submarine and subaerial landslide tsunamis under the same conditions. In this study, granular and solid slide models were used as models of landslide bodies, and hydraulic model experiments of submarine and subaerial landslide tsunamis were conducted by three-dimensional landslides. The 12.0m long, 12.0m wide, and 1.5m high experimental water tank was constructed, and landslide models were installed on the top of the slope. As the shape of the landslide model, three kinds of solid slide models were used as non-deformable landslide bodies, and granular bodies were used as deformable landslide bodies. We investigated the tsunami water level generated by the difference between granular material and solid slide model, and the difference between submarine and subaerial landslides, and its propagation process. The experimental data obtained in this study are useful for verification of the landslide tsunami numerical simulation model.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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    PAPER (OA)
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