ALBERT

Description: New estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the food system were developed at the country level, for the period 1990–2018, integrating data from crop and livestock production, on-farm energy use, land use and land use change, domestic food transport and food waste disposal. With these new country-level components in place, and by adding global and regional estimates of energy use in food supply chains, we estimate that total GHG emissions from the food system were about 16 CO2eq yr−1 in 2018, or one-third of the global anthropogenic total. Three quarters of these emissions, 13 Gt CO2eq yr−1, were generated either within the farm gate or in pre- and post-production activities, such as manufacturing, transport, processing, and waste disposal. The remainder was generated through land use change at the conversion boundaries of natural ecosystems to agricultural land. Results further indicate that pre- and post-production emissions were proportionally more important in developed than in developing countries, and that during 1990–2018, land use change emissions decreased while pre- and post-production emissions increased. We also report results on a per capita basis, showing world total food systems per capita emissions decreasing during 1990–2018 from 2.9 to 2.2 t CO2eq cap−1, with per capita emissions in developed countries about twice those in developing countries in 2018. Our findings also highlight that conventional IPCC categories, used by countries to report emissions in the National GHG inventory, systematically underestimate the contribution of the food system to total anthropogenic emissions. We provide a comparative mapping of food system categories and activities in order to better quantify food-related emissions in national reporting and identify mitigation opportunities across the entire food system.

Description: The LEXIS project (Large-scale EXecution for Industry & Society, H2020 GA825532) provides a platform for optimised execution of Cloud-HPC workflows, reducing computation time and increasing energy efficiency. The system will rely on advanced, distributed orchestration solutions (Atos YSTIA Suite, with Alien4Cloud and Yorc, based on TOSCA), the High-End Application Execution Middleware HEAppE, and new hardware capabilities for maximising efficiency in data processing, analysis and transfer (e.g. Burst Buffers with GPU- and FPGA-based data reprocessing). LEXIS handles computation tasks and data from three Pilots, based on representative and demanding HPC/Cloud-Computing use cases in Industry (SMEs) and Science: i) Simulations of complex turbomachinery and gearbox systems in Aeronautics, ii) Tsunami simulations and earthquake loss assessments which are time-constrained to enable immediate warnings and to support well-informed decisions, and iii) Weather and Climate simulations where massive amounts of in-situ data are assimilated to improve forecasts. A user-friendly LEXIS web portal, as a unique entry point, will provide access to data as well as workflow-handling and remote visualisation functionality. As part of its back-end, LEXIS builds an elaborate system for the handling of input, intermediate and result data. At its core, a Distributed Data Infrastructure (DDI) ensures the availability of LEXIS data at all participating HPC sites, which will be federated with a common LEXIS Authentication and Authorisation Infrastructure (with unified security model, user database and policies). The DDI leverages best of breed data-management solutions from EUDAT, such as B2SAFE (based on iRODS) and B2HANDLE. REST APIs on top of it will ensure a smooth interaction with LEXIS workflows and the orchestration layer. Last, but not least, the DDI will provide functionalities for Research Data Management following the FAIR principles (“Findable, Interoperable, Accessible, Reusable”), e.g. DOI acquisition, which helps to publish and disseminate open data products.