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  • Articles  (192)
  • 2020-2023  (1)
  • 2000-2004  (191)
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  • 1
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    Characterization of impact pile driving signals during installation of offshore wind turbine foundations (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147(4), (2020): 2323, doi:10.1121/10.0001035.
    Description: Impact pile driving creates intense, impulsive sound that radiates into the surrounding environment. Piles driven vertically into the seabed generate an azimuthally symmetric underwater sound field whereas piles driven on an angle will generate an azimuthally dependent sound field. Measurements were made during pile driving of raked piles to secure jacket foundation structures to the seabed in waters off the northeastern coast of the U.S. at ranges between 500 m and 15 km. These measurements were analyzed to investigate variations in rise time, decay time, pulse duration, kurtosis, and sound received levels as a function of range and azimuth. Variations in the radiated sound field along opposing azimuths resulted in differences in measured sound exposure levels of up to 10 dB and greater due to the pile rake as the sound propagated in range. The raked pile configuration was modeled using an equivalent axisymmetric FEM model to describe the azimuthally dependent measured sound fields. Comparable sound level differences in the model results confirmed that the azimuthal discrepancy observed in the measured data was due to the inclination of the pile being driven relative to the receiver.
    Description: This paper was presented at the fifth International Meeting on The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life held in Den Haag, July 2019. Study concept, oversight, and funding for the experiment were provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Environmental Studies Program, Washington, DC, under Contract No. M15PC00002, Task Order M16PD00025. Collaborators in this project include Randy Gallien and Anwar Khan (HDR, Inc.).
    Description: 2020-10-17
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of trailing jet instability on vortex ring formation (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 589-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Numerical simulations of an impulsively started jet were performed in order to investigate the effects of trailing jet instability on axisymmetric vortex ring formation. The predictions were compared to experimental results reported in the literature and to recently published numerical results. The total and vortex ring circulations were found to be in good agreement with both the experimental and the numerical results. The presence of a universal formation time scale was confirmed. The results also highlighted an important interaction between an instability which develops in the trailing jet for large discharge times and the dynamics of the head vortex ring. This interaction accelerates the process by which the vortex ring detaches from the trailing jet and has a significant effect on the vortex ring circulation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870264
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lévy flights: Exact results and asymptotics beyond all orders (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 43 (2002), S. 2670-2689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive study of the symmetric Lévy stable probability density function is presented. This is performed for orders both less than 2, and greater than 2. The latter class of functions are traditionally neglected because of a failure to satisfy non-negativity. The complete asymptotic expansions of the symmetric Lévy stable densities of order greater than 2 are constructed, and shown to exhibit intricate series of transcendentally small terms—asymptotics beyond all orders. It is demonstrated that the symmetric Lévy stable densities of any arbitrary rational order can be written in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions, and a number of new special cases are given representations in terms of special functions. A link is shown between the symmetric Lévy stable density of order 4, and Pearcey's integral, which is used widely in problems of optical diffraction and wave propagation. This suggests the existence of applications for the symmetric Lévy stable densities of order greater than 2, despite their failure to define a probability density function. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467095
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete asymptotic expansions of the Fermi–Dirac integrals Fp(η)=1/Γ(p+1)∫0∞[εp/(1+eε−η)]dε (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 42 (2001), S. 1860-1868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The complete asymptotic expansions, that is to say expansions which include any exponentially small terms lying beyond all orders of the asymptotic power series, are calculated for the Fermi–Dirac integrals. We present two methods to accomplish this, the first in the complex plane utilizing Mellin transforms and Hankel's representation of the gamma function, and the second on the real line using the known asymptotic expansions of the confluent hypergeometric functions. The complete expansions of Fp(η) are then used to investigate the effect that these traditionally neglected exponentially small terms have on physical systems. It is shown that for a 2 dimensional nonrelativistic ideal Fermi gas, the subdominant exponentially small series becomes dominant. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350634
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human intestinal tissue tropism of intimin epsilon O103 Escherichia coli (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 218 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Human intestinal in vitro organ culture was used to assess the tissue tropism of human isolates of Escherichia coli O103:H2 and O103:H- that express intimin ɛ. Both strains showed tropism for follicle associated epithelium and limited adhesion to other regions of the small and large intestine. This is similar to the tissue tropism shown by intimin γ enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) O157:H7, but distinct from that of intimin α enteropathogenic (EPEC) O127:H6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(02)01182-5
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATOC AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF HUMPBACK WHALES (MEGAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE) OFF THE NORTH SHORE OF KAUAI (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Humpback whale diving behavior changes subtly when exposed to signals transmitted from the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC) sound projector located 14 km offshore the island of Kauai. This study considered whether such responses would lead to changes in distribution and abundance. A land-based shore station measured humpback whale locations (scan samples) for both nearshore (〈5 km) and offshore (5–10 km) areas. Control observations were made in 1994 and 1998. In 1998 multipleday blocks with ATOC transmissions were interspersed with multiple-day control blocks without transmissions. Sighting rates were higher in 1998 (ATOC) than in 1994 (control year), probably due to better sighting conditions, but may reflect increased population size. Sighting rates did not differ between control and ATOC conditions in 1998. A seasonal sighting peak was observed in both years. No vessel effect on sighting rate was detected in 1998.There was no effect of ATOC on the distance from the shore station to whales, or the depth of water where pods were located. However, the distribution of whales shifted slightly eastward during the ATOC blocks and the mean distance between the ATOC source and pods was greater during transmissions. Nonetheless, more whales were found close to the source when it was on, suggesting a more variable response rather than simple avoidance, with whales found both closer to, and farther away from, the source during transmissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01064.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site-directed mutagenesis of intimin α modulates intimin-mediated tissue tropism and host specificity (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 40 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hallmark of enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherchia coli adhesion to host cells is intimate attachment leading to the formation of distinctive ‘attaching and effacing’ lesions. This event is mediated, in part, by binding of the bacterial adhesion molecule intimin to a second bacterial protein, Tir, delivered by a type III secretion system into the host cell plasma membrane. The receptor-binding activity of intimin is localized to the C-terminal 280 amino acids (Int280) and at least five distinct intimin types (α, β, γ, δ and ε) have been identified thus far. In addition to binding to Tir, intimin can also bind to a component encoded by the host. The consequence of latter intimin-binding activity may determine tissue tropism and host specificity. In this study we selected three amino acids in intimin, which are implicated in Tir binding, for site-directed mutagenesis. We used the yeast two-hybrid system and gel overlays to study intimin–Tir protein interaction. In addition, the biological consequences of the mutagenesis was tested using a number of infection models (cultured epithelial cells, human intestinal explants and a mouse model). We report that while an I237/897A substitution (positions numbered according to Int280α/whole intimin α) in intimin α did not have any affect on its biological activity, a T255/914A substitution attenuated intimin activity in vivo. In contrast, the mutation V252/911A affected tissue targeting in the human intestinal explant model and attenuated the biological activity of intimin in the mouse model. This study provides the first clues of the molecular basis of how intimin mediates tissue tropism and host specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02371.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) LEE2 and LEE3 operons by Ler (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 38 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produces attaching and effacing lesions (AE) on epithelial cells. The genes involved in the formation of the AE lesions are contained within a pathogenicity island named the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The LEE comprises 41 open reading frames organized in five major operons: LEE1, LEE2, LEE3, LEE4 and tir. The first gene of the LEE1 operon encodes a transcription activator of the other LEE operons that is called the LEE-encoded regulator (Ler). The LEE2 and LEE3 operons are divergently transcribed with overlapping −10 promoter regions, and gene fusion studies have shown that they are both activated by Ler. Deletion analysis, using lacZ reporter fusions, of the LEE2 and LEE3 promoters demonstrated that deletions extending closer to the LEE2 transcription start site than −247 bp lead to loss of activation by Ler, whereas only 70 bp upstream of the LEE3 transcription start site is required for Ler-mediated activation. We have purified Ler as a His-tagged protein and used it to perform DNA-binding assays with LEE2 and LEE3. We observed that Ler bound to a DNA fragment containing the −300 to +1 region of LEE2; however, it failed to bind to a DNA fragment containing the −300 to +1 region of LEE3, suggesting that Ler activates both operons by only binding to the regulatory region upstream of LEE2. The Ler-activatable LEE3::lacZ fusions extended to what would be −246 bp of the LEE2 operon. A lacZ fusion from the −300 to +1 region of LEE3 failed to be activated by Ler, consistent with our hypothesis that Ler activates the expression of LEE2 and LEE3 by binding to a region located downstream of the LEE3 transcription start site. DNase I footprinting revealed that Ler protected a region of 121 bp upstream of LEE2. Purified Ler mutated in the coiled-coil domain was unable to activate transcription and to bind to the LEE2 regulatory region. These data indicate that Ler may bind as a multimer to LEE2 and activate both divergent operons by a novel mechanism potentially involving changes in the DNA structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02168.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulations of sound radiated from an axisymmetric premixed reacting jet (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 13 (2001), S. 2671-2681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The sound radiated by an axisymmetric (two-dimensional) premixed reacting free jet was studied using direct numerical simulation. The jet was injected into cold combustion products. A narrow (in radial extent) high temperature pulse was specified at the jet inlet to stabilize the reacting jet. The computational domain included both the near-field flow and far-field acoustic regions. Both reacting and nonreacting cases were considered. The heat release associated with the reacting jet had a significant effect on the vortical structure, as well as the sound radiation level and pattern, within the jet. The sound radiation pattern and the source terms in Lighthill's equation were used to identify apparent sound source locations. Within the context of the assumptions of the present simulations, the results showed that the effect of heat release was to: (1) Stabilize the jet, (2) enhance sound radiation levels due to an increase in the entropy source, and (3) shift the frequency of the most unstable mode to lower values, resulting in a broader sound spectrum. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386940
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehydrogenation induced phase transitions of p-aminobenzoic acid on Cu(110) (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 460-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature and coverage dependent studies of p-aminobenzoic acid on a Cu(110) single crystal surface show a novel sequence of periodic structures linked to successive removal of hydrogen from the adsorbed species, as shown by LEED, STM, HREELS, and TPD. At room temperature, flat-lying molecules with a primitive unit cell of (3×4) periodicity with glide plane along the 〈001〉 direction are observed. Annealing this surface to 464 K causes partial desorption of H2 and a variation of the intensity in HREELS of various bands and formation of a (5 −22 4) periodicity. STM images suggest the formation of dimers, as a result of the dehydrogenation. On annealing to higher temperatures (510 K), further dehydrogenation forms (6 −51 2) structure. Finally, at 540 K, a (4 −31 2) periodicity is revealed in which all species correspond to dehydrogenated dimers. Through this sequence, all species retain a flat-lying orientation on the surface. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1426379
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