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  • 2020-2023  (8)
  • 1910-1914
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  • 1
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    The Eco‐Exposome Concept: Supporting an Integrated Assessment of Mixtures of Environmental Chemicals (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-04
    Description: Organisms are exposed to ever‐changing complex mixtures of chemicals over the course of their lifetime. The need to more comprehensively describe this exposure and relate it to adverse health effects has led to formulation of the exposome concept in human toxicology. Whether this concept has utility in the context of environmental hazard and risk assessment has not been discussed in detail. In this Critical Perspective, we propose—by analogy to the human exposome—to define the eco‐exposome as the totality of the internal exposure (anthropogenic and natural chemicals, their biotransformation products or adducts, and endogenous signaling molecules that may be sensitive to an anthropogenic chemical exposure) over the lifetime of an ecologically relevant organism. We describe how targeted and nontargeted chemical analyses and bioassays can be employed to characterize this exposure and discuss how the adverse outcome pathway concept could be used to link this exposure to adverse effects. Available methods, their limitations, and/or requirement for improvements for practical application of the eco‐exposome concept are discussed. Even though analysis of the eco‐exposome can be resource‐intensive and challenging, new approaches and technologies make this assessment increasingly feasible. Furthermore, an improved understanding of mechanistic relationships between external chemical exposure(s), internal chemical exposure(s), and biological effects could result in the development of proxies, that is, relatively simple chemical and biological measurements that could be used to complement internal exposure assessment or infer the internal exposure when it is difficult to measure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:30–45. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
    Description: Illustration of the eco‐exposome assessment and how chemical analysis and bioassays could be used to estimate internal exposure. MIE = molecular initiation event; KE = key event; AO = adverse outcome.
    Description: DAAD German academic exchange service
    Keywords: ddc:577.14
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Sources and Fate of the Antiandrogenic Fluorescent Dye 4‐Methyl‐7‐Diethylaminocoumarin in Small River Systems (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-05
    Description: Recently, the potent antiandrogen 4‐methyl‐7‐diethylaminocoumarin (C47) and its potential transformation products 4‐methyl‐7‐ethylaminocoumarin (C47T1) and 4‐methyl‐7‐aminocoumarin (C47T2) were identified as novel environmental contaminants. We assessed for the first time the sources, distribution, and fate of these compounds in aquatic systems using the Holtemme River (Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany), which is a hotspot for these contaminants. To this end, wastewater‐treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent samples, surface water samples over 3 years, and the longitudinal profiles in water, sediment, and gammarids were analyzed. From the longitudinal profile of the river stretch, the WWTP of Silstedt was identified as the sole point source for these compounds in the River Holtemme, and exposure concentrations in the low micrograms per liter range could be recorded continuously over 3 years. Analysis of WWTP influent and effluent showed a transformation of approximately half of the C47 into C47T1 and C47T2 but no complete removal. A further attenuation of the three coumarins after discharge into the river could be largely attributed to dilution, while transformation was only approximately 20%, thus suggesting a significant persistence in aquatic systems. Experimentally derived partitioning coefficients between water and sediment organic carbon exceeded those predicted using the OPERA quantitative structure–activity relationship tools and polyparameter linear free‐energy relationships by up to 93‐fold, suggesting cation binding as a significant factor for their sorption behavior. Near‐equilibrium conditions between water and sediment were not observed close to the emitting WWTP but farther downstream in the river. Experimental and predicted bioaccumulation factors for gammarids were closely matching, and the concentrations in field‐sampled gammarids were close to steady state with exposure concentrations in the water phase of the river. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3078–3091. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
    Description: Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001656
    Description: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Keywords: ddc:577.614
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basische Dialkylzinnsalze (1914)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 87 (1914), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19140870115
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    Basische Dialkylzinnsalze (1914)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1914-05-12
    Print ISSN: 0863-1778
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
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    Almost-instantaneous PPP-RTK without atmospheric corrections (2022)
    In:  Presentations
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 6
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    Comparison of GNSS-Based Scale Realized by Three Methods (2022)
    In:  Abstracts
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 7
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    Two methods to determine scale-independent GPS PCOs and GNSS-based terrestrial scale: comparison and cross-check (2021)
    In:  GPS Solutions
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-19
    Description: The GPS satellite transmitter antenna phase center offsets (PCOs) can be estimated in a global adjustment by constraining the ground station coordinates to the current International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Therefore, the derived PCO values rest on the terrestrial scale parameter of the frame. Consequently, the PCO values transfer this scale to any subsequent GNSS solution. A method to derive scale-independent PCOs without introducing the terrestrial scale of the frame is the prerequisite to derive an independent GNSS scale factor that can contribute to the datum definition of the next ITRF realization. By fixing the Galileo satellite transmitter antenna PCOs to the ground calibrated values from the released metadata, the GPS satellite PCOs in the z-direction (z-PCO) and a GNSS-based terrestrial scale parameter can be determined in GPS + Galileo processing. An alternative method is based on the gravitational constraint on low earth orbiters (LEOs) in the integrated processing of GPS and LEOs. We determine the GPS z-PCO and the GNSS-based scale using both methods by including the current constellation of Galileo and the three LEOs of the Swarm mission. For the first time, direct comparison and cross-check of the two methods are performed. They provide mean GPS z-PCO corrections of −186±25 mm and −221±37 mm with respect to the IGS values and +1.55±0.22 ppb (parts per billion) and +1.72±0.31 in the terrestrial scale with respect to the IGS14 reference frame. The results of both methods agree with each other with only small differences. Due to the larger number of Galileo observations, the Galileo-PCO-fixed method leads to more precise and stable results. In the joint processing of GPS + Galileo + Swarm in which both methods are applied, the constraint on Galileo dominates the results. We discuss and analyze how fixing either the Galileo transmitter antenna z-PCO or the Swarm receiver antenna z-PCO in the combined GPS + Galileo + Swarm processing propagates to the respective freely estimated z-PCO of Swarm and Galileo.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    GLONASS FDMA data for RTK positioning: a five-system analysis (2021)
    In:  GPS Solutions
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-19
    Description: The use of the GLONASS legacy signals for real-time kinematic positioning is considered. Due to the FDMA multiplexing scheme, the conventional CDMA observation model has to be modified to restore the integer estimability of the ambiguities. This modification has a strong impact on positioning capabilities. In particular, the ambiguity resolution performance of this model is clearly weaker than for CDMA systems, so that fast and reliable full ambiguity resolution is usually not feasible for standalone GLONASS, and adding GLONASS data in a multi-GNSS approach can reduce the ambiguity resolution performance of the combined model. Partial ambiguity resolution was demonstrated to be a suitable tool to overcome this weakness (Teunissen in GPS Solut 23(4):100, 2019). We provide an exhaustive formal analysis of the positioning precision and ambiguity resolution capabilities for short, medium, and long baselines in a multi-GNSS environment with GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, and GLONASS. Simulations are used to show that with a difference test-based partial ambiguity resolution method, adding GLONASS data improves the positioning performance in all considered cases. Real data from different baselines are used to verify these findings. When using all five available systems, instantaneous centimeter-level positioning is possible on an 88.5 km baseline with the ionosphere weighted model, and on average, only 3.27 epochs are required for a long baseline with the ionosphere float model, thereby enabling near instantaneous solutions.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    LEO-based solution of GPS PCOs and impact on terrestrial scale (2022)
    In:  Abstracts
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-30
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
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    Integrated processing of ground- and space-based GNSS, and interest for GENESIS-1 (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-30
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture
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