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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Geographische Gegebenheiten und Naturressourcen beeinflussen langfristig das menschliche Siedlungsverhalten und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung von Regionen. Studien haben gezeigt, dass ein naturbedingter Unterschied in der Entwicklung auch dann noch nachwirkt, wenn die Ressource selbst bereits verschwunden ist. Ein wichtiges, aber bisher kaum systematisch untersuchtes Beispiel hierfür sind Moore. In diesem Artikel zeigen wir, wie Moorbedeckung die langfristige Entwicklung einer Region beeinflusst. Dazu betrachten wir die Moorflächen um 1800 und 2012 im Land Niedersachsen und stellen sie der Entwicklung der Bevölkerungszahl von 1821 bis 2018 in allen niedersächsischen Gemeinden gegenüber. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen einen enormen Rückgang der Fläche intakter Moore von 17,3 auf 0,8 % im Durchschnitt über alle Gemeinden, bei einem gleichzeitigen Anstieg der Einwohnerdichte von 40,6 auf 145,8 Einwohner pro km2. Vormals stark durch Moore geprägte Gemeinden waren 1821 weniger dicht besiedelt – und sie sind es heute noch, obwohl das Moor größtenteils verschwunden ist. Trotz der massiven Bemühungen bei der Moorkolonisierung und -kultivierung sind Gemeinden mit vormals hohem Mooranteil heute immer noch halb so dicht besiedelt als Gemeinden ohne Moor. Dass die einst moorreichen Gemeinden den einstigen Bevölkerungsrückstand noch nicht vollständig aufholen konnten, ist auch auf die zahlreichen prägenden historischen Ereignisse der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte der letzten 200 Jahre zurückzuführen.
    Description: Geographical conditions and natural resources affect local human settlement and economic development in the long run. An important but hardly examined example are peatlands. In this article, we show how original peatland coverage influences regional long-term development. For that purpose, we investigate peatland coverage at around 1800 and 2012 Niedersachsen, Germany, and link it to population density TELMA Band 50 Seite 29 - 44 2 Abb., 3 Tab. Hannover, November 2020 30 31 over the period 1821 to 2018 in all communities. We find a drastic decrease of untapped peatland coverage, dropping from 17.3 to 0.8 % on average. By contrast, population density increases from 40.6 to 145.8 inhabitants per square kilometer within 200 years. In 1821, communities that were extensively covered by peatlands were less densely populated – and they still are today, even though almost all peatland has disappeared. In spite of the massive efforts in peatland colonization and cultivation, peatland communities are still half as densely populated as communities without any peatland around 1800. We discuss historical events over the last 200 years explaining why communities formerly rich in peatlands did not fully catch up.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article
    Format: 16
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 28 (1995), S. 360-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; Dimorphism ; Elongation factor 1α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The translation elongation factor EF-1α appears to play a major role in the control of cell proliferation and ageing in higher eukaryotes. Here we report the cloning of the TEF1 gene encoding the elongation factor 1α of the dimorphic yeast Arxula adeninivorans Ls3. The gene is localized on chromosome 2 from Arxula adeninivorans, comprises 1380 bp and encodes a protein containing 459 amino acids. In contrast to other fungi, a second TEF gene encoding an identical, or nearly identical, polypeptide could not be identified. The transcriptional activity of the TEF1 gene did not change during mycelial growth, whereas a slight decrease could be detected during the yeast growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Current genetics 33 (1998), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsArxula adeninivorans ; Transformation ; Homologous integration ; Hygromycin B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A transformation system has been developed for the dimorphic yeast Arxula adeninivorans based on a stable integration of the donor DNA into ribosomal DNA. For this purpose a cassette was constructed which contains the E. coli hph gene, conferring hygromycin B resistance, fused to the 5′ expression signals of the A. adeninivorans TEF1 gene, encoding the translation elongation factor EF-1α, and the transcription termination region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO5 gene. This cassette was fused into the 25S rDNA of A. adeninivorans. Linearization of this vector was required for high transformation frequencies. The vector was integrated in multiple copies into the 25S rDNA by homologous recombination. Copy number was not altered even after the growth of transformants for 15 generations under non-selective growth conditions. Microscopical analyses revealed that integration of the transformed plasmid did not influence the dimorphism, which is triggered at 42°C for both transformed and non-transformed cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 179 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The glt operon of Escherichia coli comprises the structural genes for the glutamate synthase subunits (gltB and gltD) and gltF, whose product was previously suggested to have regulatory functions. The A/T-rich region between gltD and gltF contains a weak promoter and a translation initiation site for gltF. The GltF protein is preceded by a signal peptide, which is cleaved off during export into the periplasmic space. A gltF::KmR insertion mutant was constructed and shown here to have no detectable phenotype with respect to amino acid utilization or ammonium transport. Thus, GltF is apparently not involved in regulation of nitrogen catabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stephanonympha nelumbium is a large trichomonad measuring 45–60 μm in length and 20–40 μm in width. It is a member of the multinucleate and multiflagellate family Calonymphidae. While the numerous flagella arise in groups of four at the anterior cell pole, the posterior body portion is covered with attached spirochetes and rod-like bacteria. Generally, in the apical body portion of S. nelumbium, 50–100 nuclei are arranged in five to seven circular rows. Each nucleus is associated with a typical mastigont system, comprised of three anterior flagella, one recurrent flagellum being attached to the cell surface for a certain distance, and several typical root structures. Akaryomastigonts and costas do not occur. The fine structure of S. nelumbium corresponds with that of other calonymphids. The main difference to Calonympha is that the axostyle does not embrace the nucleus but passes it in form of a flattened rod.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: nanoparticle ; methacrylic acid copolymer ; HIV protease inhibitor ; dog AIDS treatment ; solid dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Bacterial adhesion ; Devescovina glabra ; Ectobiote ; Flagellate ; Joenia annectens ; Lectin ; Microrhopalodina multinudeata ; Stephanonympha nelumbium ; Termite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Many of the flagellates inhabiting the hindgut of lower termites are associated with ectobiotic, rod-like bacteria or spirochetes. Different types of attachment sites are present. Electron dense material underlies, e.g., the plasma membrane ofJoenia annectens at the contact site, whereas other attachment sites do not show any visible specializations. The host cell's glycocalyx may, however, be reduced at the attachment sites as it is the case inDevescovina glabra. The thick glycocalyx ofStephanonympha nelumbium is not changed at the sites where bacterial rods attach, but spirochetes penetrate to a certain extent. Bacteria which colonize the extracellular surface structures ofMicrorhopalodina multinucleata express their own glycocalyx to mediate a contact. In this study we focussed on the examination of one common mode of interaction between bacteria and their host cells, i.e., adhesion via lectins and sugars. The sugar composition was analysed by light and electron microscopic labelling experiments using the lectins Con A, WGA and SBA. In general, only the posterior body surface ofJoenia which is colonized with bacteria is labelled. The demonstrated sugars are found in fibrous glycocalyx portions surrounding the attachment sites of the bacteria. Such glycocalyx fibres in combination with the electron dense material supporting the attachment sites seem to be the prerequisites for bacterial attachment. InD. glabra, however, a role for sugars in mediating the attachment could not be demonstrated. Removal of the ectobiotes using antibiotics revealed that the specialized contact sites ofJoenia are present in the absence of bacteria and thus possibly serve to attract bacteria. Nothing, however, remains of the former attachment sites in bacteria-freeDevescovina cells. Attachment sites in this case could be induced by bacterial contact. There is not one general mechanism for bacterial attachment to termite flagellates; rather, adhesion seems to follow different strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Strelitziaceae ; Phenakospermum ; Isozyme electrophoresis ; RAPD ; genetic variation ; pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phenakospermum guyannense is a monotypic, arborescent, long-lived monocot that is widespread in Amazonian South America. This outcrossing species is pollinated primarily by phyllostomid bats. Given these life-history characteristics,P. guyannense is expected to exhibit high levels of genetic variation and gene flow. We used isozyme electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to characterize genetic variation in populations ofP. guyannense from French Guiana. Both measures detected a surprisingly low level of genetic variation, with only five out of twenty (25%) allozyme loci polymorphic (P), 1.35 alleles per locus (A), and an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.090 at the species level. Isozymic genetic variation was even lower within populations (P = 17.5, A = 1.24, He = 0.074), and was corroborated by a RAPD assay that used 26 arbitrary primers (P = 3.61, A = 1.04, He = 0.014). Although overall levels of variation were low, the detectable variation was distributed as would be expected for an outcrossing species with extensive gene flow (mean GST = 0.230). We suspect thatP. guyannense is depauperate in genetic variation because of a series of bottlenecks that affected the species over this portion of its range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 14 (1998), S. 1017-1025 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; AILV1 ; threonine deaminase ; transformation ; homologous integration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ILV1 gene of the yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 (AILV1) has been cloned from a genomic library, characterized and used as an auxotrophic selection marker for transformation of plasmids into this yeast. One copy of the gene is present in the Arxula genome, comprising 1653 bp and encoding 550 amino acids of the threonine deaminase. The protein sequence is similar (60·55%) to that of the threonine deaminase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoded by the gene ILV1. The protein is enzymatically active during the whole period of cultivation, up to 70 h. Maximal activities, as well as protein concentrations of this enzyme, were achieved after cultivation times of 20-36 h.The AILV1 gene is a suitable auxotrophic selection marker in transformation experiments using an Arxula adeninivorans ilv1 mutant and a plasmid containing this gene, which is fused into the 25S rDNA of Arxula adeninivorans. One to three copies of the linearized plasmid were integrated into the 25S rDNA by homologous recombination. Transformants resulting from complementation of the ilv1 mutation can be easily and reproducibly selected and in addition are mitotically stable. Therefore, the described system is preferred to the conventional selection for hygromycin B resistance. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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