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  • 2020-2022  (3)
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  • 1
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    Reconstructing the palaeoenvironment at the early Mesolithic site of Lake Duvensee: Ground-penetrating radar and geoarchaeology for 3D facies mapping (2020)
    Sage Publications
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-05
    Description: We investigate the landscape development of the early Mesolithic hunter-gatherer sites of Duvensee (10000–6500 cal. BCE). Based on ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and geoarchaeological drillings, we present for the first time a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment of 63 ha covering subarea of the former lake during the Mesolithic. The archaeological aims were (1) to detect the location of former islands possibly hosting hunter-gatherer settlements and (2) to reconstruct the ancient landscape development for understanding prehistoric land use. The research in Duvensee lasts almost 100 years, providing vivid illustrations of early Mesolithic life. Clusters of Mesolithic camps have been found located on small sand hills that formed islands in the prehistoric lake. For this environment, we present depth maps of the three most important sedimentary facies interfaces of the ancient Lake Duvensee. Interface1 represents the transition between coarse organic sediments (peat and coarse detritus gyttja) and fine-grained organic sediments (fine detritus gyttja, calcareous gyttja), Interface2 represents the transition to the underlying clayish-loamy sediments, and Interface3 marks the top of the basal sand deposits at the lake bottom. From Interface3, we identified the location and extent of five former islands with Mesolithic camps. Stratigraphic information from the corings enabled us to create a 3D model of the spatio-temporal development of the Duvensee bog. The locations of the islands and their estimated dive-up times agree with the spatio-temporal pattern of the previous archaeological finds. The model shows where hunter-gatherers could settle and move from one island to another following the shorelines of the overgrowing lake. The 3D stratigraphic model provides growth and shrinking rates of the island and lake areas in the Mesolithic, and volumes of organic and non-organic deposited lake sediments. Besides, it provides a basis for a sustainable groundwater management needed for heritage preservation.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 2
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    Cavity detection by SH-wave full-waveform inversion — A reflection-focused approach (2021)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-01
    Description: The detection of cavities with geophysical methods is a challenging task for which a general approach has not yet been found. We have found that viscoelastic SH full-waveform inversion (FWI), focusing primarily on reflection events, is able to accurately locate the position of cavities, areas of decompacted sediments, and, more generally, seismic low-velocity anomalies down to 30 m depth. The key for a successful FWI application is the enhancement of the reflected wavefield relative to the surface wavefield. For this purpose, we apply automatic gain control normalization in the objective function. By focusing the inversion on the reflected wavefield, we determine that one can differentiate between air-filled cavities with zero shear-wave (S-wave) velocity and low-velocity zones. Additionally, we test the FWI approach on a field data set, with a known collapsed tunnel system inside a 32 m high monumental antique grave mound. The results show that the location and extent, as well as the density and S-wave velocity of the collapsed tunnel system, can be determined with sufficient accuracy by applying a 2D FWI approach to intersecting profiles, despite the 3D nature of the problem.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8033
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-2156
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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  • 3
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    The Yığma Tepe of Pergamon: Internal construction of a monumental burial mound from shear wave reflection sounding and wavefield modelling (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: The Yığma Tepe of Pergamon is one of the largest known burial mounds in the Eastern Mediterranean. Its internal structure, especially the existence and location of burials, remains unknown so far because its height of 32 m and the diameter of 158 m have restricted extensive excavations. To explore the interior of the Yığma Tepe, we applied shear wave reflection profiling and traveltime tomography, locally complemented by electrical resistivity tomography. Shear wave reflection imaging enabled us to identify the layering and localize structures down to the basal surface of the mound with a metre‐scale resolution. A grid of crossing SH‐wave profiles with 4‐m line spacing covered the central mound area. The Yığma Tepe can be subdivided into three stratigraphic layers representing different construction phases, each about 10 m thick. The deepest is a consolidated layer with a locally compacted surface. SH‐wave reflection imaging verified the collapsed remains of a tunnel system and a shaft at about 30‐m depth that had been dug into the mound at the level of the basal surface at the beginning of the 20th century. The tunnel collapse created a damage zone of decreased S‐wave velocity reaching up to the overlying middle layer, in which four seismic objects of interest (SOIs) were detected. The largest of these SOIs is a north–south‐oriented structure, about 15 m long and 4 m wide. SH‐viscoelastic forward modelling showed that it likely consists of a collapsed walled cavity with a zone of loosened soil above. The third layer covers the underlying two and is enriched with large stone packages as verified by local excavations. We show the capabilities of shear‐wave reflection seismic to image small‐scale structures under complicated topographic conditions and how characteristics of cavities and volumes of decompacted soil can be evaluated by wavefield modelling.
    Description: Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: German Archaeological Institut (DAI)
    Keywords: 622.1592 ; 930.1 ; Pergamon ; Yı gma Tepe ; seismic investigations
    Type: article
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