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  • 1
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    Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (2020)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-27
    Description: The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a).
    Print ISSN: 1866-3508
    Electronic ISSN: 1866-3516
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus
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  • 2
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    Hydrothermal 15N15N abundances constrain the origins of mantle nitrogen (2020)
    Nature P. G.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-19
    Description: Nitrogen is the main constituent of the Earth's atmosphere, but its provenance in the Earth's mantle remains uncertain. The relative contribution of primordial nitrogen inherited during the Earth's accretion versus that subducted from the Earth's surface is unclear1-6. Here we show that the mantle may have retained remnants of such primordial nitrogen. We use the rare 15N15N isotopologue of N2 as a new tracer of air contamination in volcanic gas effusions. By constraining air contamination in gases from Iceland, Eifel (Germany) and Yellowstone (USA), we derive estimates of mantle δ15N (the fractional difference in 15N/14N from air), N2/36Ar and N2/3He. Our results show that negative δ15N values observed in gases, previously regarded as indicating a mantle origin for nitrogen7-10, in fact represent dominantly air-derived N2 that experienced 15N/14N fractionation in hydrothermal systems. Using two-component mixing models to correct for this effect, the 15N15N data allow extrapolations that characterize mantle endmember δ15N, N2/36Ar and N2/3He values. We show that the Eifel region has slightly increased δ15N and N2/36Ar values relative to estimates for the convective mantle provided by mid-ocean-ridge basalts11, consistent with subducted nitrogen being added to the mantle source. In contrast, we find that whereas the Yellowstone plume has δ15N values substantially greater than that of the convective mantle, resembling surface components12-15, its N2/36Ar and N2/3He ratios are indistinguishable from those of the convective mantle. This observation raises the possibility that the plume hosts a primordial component. We provide a test of the subduction hypothesis with a two-box model, describing the evolution of mantle and surface nitrogen through geological time. We show that the effect of subduction on the deep nitrogen cycle may be less important than has been suggested by previous investigations. We propose instead that high mid-ocean-ridge basalt and plume δ15N values may both be dominantly primordial features.
    Description: Published
    Description: 367–371
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Identification of chondritic krypton and xenon in Yellowstone gases and the timing of terrestrial volatile accretion (2020)
    PNAS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-19
    Description: Identifying the origin of noble gases in Earth's mantle can provide crucial constraints on the source and timing of volatile (C, N, H2O, noble gases, etc.) delivery to Earth. It remains unclear whether the early Earth was able to directly capture and retain volatiles throughout accretion or whether it accreted anhydrously and subsequently acquired volatiles through later additions of chondritic material. Here, we report high-precision noble gas isotopic data from volcanic gases emanating from, in and around, the Yellowstone caldera (Wyoming, United States). We show that the He and Ne isotopic and elemental signatures of the Yellowstone gas requires an input from an undegassed mantle plume. Coupled with the distinct ratio of 129Xe to primordial Xe isotopes in Yellowstone compared with mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) samples, this confirms that the deep plume and shallow MORB mantles have remained distinct from one another for the majority of Earth's history. Krypton and xenon isotopes in the Yellowstone mantle plume are found to be chondritic in origin, similar to the MORB source mantle. This is in contrast with the origin of neon in the mantle, which exhibits an isotopic dichotomy between solar plume and chondritic MORB mantle sources. The co-occurrence of solar and chondritic noble gases in the deep mantle is thought to reflect the heterogeneous nature of Earth's volatile accretion during the lifetime of the protosolar nebula. It notably implies that the Earth was able to retain its chondritic volatiles since its earliest stages of accretion, and not only through late additions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 13997–14004
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Yellowstone; accretion; mantle plume; noble gases; origin of Earth’s volatiles ; noble gases ; mantle geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, 7(1), ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Novel insights into the degassing history of the Earth's mantle from high precision noble gas analysis of magmatic gas. (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-19
    Description: The noble gas isotope composition of the mantle can provide unique insights into the origin and evolution of volatile elements on Earth. Xenon isotopes combine primordial signatures with contributions from extinct and extant radionuclides, therefore offering the potential to set constraints on both the nature of Earth’s planetary precursor(s) and the timing of their contributions. However, measuring the Xe isotope composition of mantle-derived samples to sufficiently high-precision has proven difficult due to (i) large occurrence of a modern-like atmospheric component in the mantle, and (ii) contribution from shallow and post-eruptive atmospheric contamination. Mantle-derived samples therefore exhibit only small deviations from the modern atmospheric composition, making the identification and deconvolution of mantle-derived Xe signals challenging. Here, we use the Giggenbach sampling method to concentrate magmatic noble gases from the Eifel volcanic area (Germany) into glass bottles in order to conduct high-precision analyses of Ne, Ar and Xe isotopes. The three samples collected from Victoriaquelle and Schwefelquelle wells (South East Eifel) show variable contributions from atmospheric contamination, with the least contaminated sample reaching 40Ar/36Ar ∼8,300. Our data indicate that the mantle beneath the Eifel volcanic area, and by extension the Central European Volcanic Province, resembles the convective upper mantle reservoir with limited evidence for an OIB-like deep plume source contribution. It has a geochemical signature that is similar (e.g. in Ne isotopic composition, 40Ar/36Ar, 129Xe/130Xe and 129Xe/136Xe) to the mantle source of the so-called popping rocks (thought to best represent the upper mantle), with an additional source of 238U-derived Xe and low 3He/4He that we attribute to the influence of an ancient subducted component (HIMU). A dichotomy exists between the main sources of fissiogenic xenon isotopes measured in popping rocks and Eifel gas, which appear to be mainly derived from 244Pu and 238U, respectively. According to their respective ratios of 244Pu-to 238U-derived Xe, the mantle sources for Eifel volcanism and popping rocks would have experienced extensive and limited degassing, respectively. In this regard, high Pu–Xe/(Pu+U)–Xe may no longer be considered as being indicative of a mantle deep origin, therefore calling for the geochemical differences between plume and MORB sources to be redefined, with the possibility that volatile signatures within the solid Earth may be more heterogeneously distributed than previously thought.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115766
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: noble gases ; Eifel ; MORB ; volatiles ; mantle composition and evolution ; magmatism in central Europe
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Water Budgets: solving water pollution problems in the Wakulla Springshed of North Florida (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/979 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:19:27 | 979 | Florida Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: 36 slides
    Keywords: Management ; Pollution ; Limnology ; Engineering ; Wakulla Springs ; springs ; groundwater ; Florida ; water conservation ; green roofs ; stormwater ; irrigation ponds ; pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Studies on the use of sulfites to control shrimp melanosis (Blackspot) (Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Technological Conference of the Americas, January 14, 1986, Tampa, Florida) (2021)
    University of Florida, Department of Food Science and Nutrition | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/43 | 3 | 2021-02-27 20:06:46 | 43 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Shrimp melanosis, commonly known as 'blackspot' is aharmless but objectionable surface dicoloration caused bypolyphenoloxidase enzyme systems which remain active duringrefrigeration or ice storage. In the early 1950's sulfitingagents, particularily sodium bisulfite was first introduced to prevent or inhibit melanosis, thus yielding a more valuable harvest (1). Such use of sulfites was 'prior sanctioned1 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1956 (2). More recent FDA decisions reaffirmed this practice, (3) but continuing regulatory scrutiny could restrict or eliminate the application of sulfite on shrimp. The regulatory action is prompted by an increasing concern for adverse 'allergic' reactions most common amongst hyper-(sulfite) sensitive asthmatics. Thus work was initiated to find alternatives to replace or reduce the amount of sulfites required to inhibitshrimp melanosis. This work would screen for possiblealternatives which would require subsequent verification with field tests and statistical evaluations. (21pp.)
    Description: SGEP - 8
    Description: Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Tropical and Subtropical Fisheries Technological Conference of the Americas, January 14, 1986, Tampa, Florida. http://aquacomm.fcla.edu/42/ Item 42 in this repository.
    Keywords: Management ; Health ; Fisheries ; shrimp ; blackspot ; sulfites ; melanosis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Early life-history studies of nearshore rockfishes and lingcod off Central California, 1987-92 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game Marine Resources Division | Monterey, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/385 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:07:35 | 385 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This study focused on the physical and biological processes that influence the distribution, abundance, growth, and survival of young-of-the-year (YOY) rockfishes and lingcod along the central California coast. The annual somatic and reproductive condition of adult female blue rockfish corresponded to annual upwelling. Resulting larval production may correspond to the reproductive potential of adults; however, ultimate recruitment success of YOY is also effected by oceanographic conditions during their planktonic stage. Within a year, each species of settled YOY was observed concurrently and in relatively similar abundances at all study dive sites along the central coast. Most species of YOY exhibited similar growth patterns amongstations and years. We found a high degree of interannual variability in the condition of adults and relativeabundances of YOY. We believe a large part of this variability is due to annual oceanographic conditions,specifically upwelling.Marine reserves, which would protect populations of reproductively mature rockfishes and lingcod and insure 1arval production, have been suggested as an alternative to present management strategies for these species. However, a crucial question is whether or not larvae from adult fish in reserves would significantly contribute to replenishing stocks in other areas. This study was undertaken to assist in determining the feasibility of reserves to enhance nearshore rockfish and lingcod populations. (78pp.)
    Keywords: Management ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Lingcod ; Ophiodon elongatus ; Olive Rockfish ; Sebastes serranoides ; vermilion rockfish ; Sebastes miniatus ; Kelp rockfish ; Sebastes atrovirens ; yellowtail rockfish ; Sebastes flavidus ; black rockfish ; Sebastes melanops ; blue rockfish ; Sebastes mystinus ; California
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 9
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    Identification of chondritic krypton and xenon in Yellowstone gases and the timing of terrestrial volatile accretion (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-08
    Description: Identifying the origin of noble gases in Earth’s mantle can provide crucial constraints on the source and timing of volatile (C, N, H2O, noble gases, etc.) delivery to Earth. It remains unclear whether the early Earth was able to directly capture and retain volatiles throughout accretion or whether it accreted anhydrously and subsequently acquired volatiles through later additions of chondritic material. Here, we report high-precision noble gas isotopic data from volcanic gases emanating from, in and around, the Yellowstone caldera (Wyoming, United States). We show that the He and Ne isotopic and elemental signatures of the Yellowstone gas requires an input from an undegassed mantle plume. Coupled with the distinct ratio of129Xe to primordial Xe isotopes in Yellowstone compared with mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) samples, this confirms that the deep plume and shallow MORB mantles have remained distinct from one another for the majority of Earth’s history. Krypton and xenon isotopes in the Yellowstone mantle plume are found to be chondritic in origin, similar to the MORB source mantle. This is in contrast with the origin of neon in the mantle, which exhibits an isotopic dichotomy between solar plume and chondritic MORB mantle sources. The co-occurrence of solar and chondritic noble gases in the deep mantle is thought to reflect the heterogeneous nature of Earth’s volatile accretion during the lifetime of the protosolar nebula. It notably implies that the Earth was able to retain its chondritic volatiles since its earliest stages of accretion, and not only through late additions.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Mapping the cis-regulatory architecture of the human retina reveals noncoding genetic variation in disease (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-07
    Description: The interplay of transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements (CREs) orchestrates the dynamic and diverse genetic programs that assemble the human central nervous system (CNS) during development and maintain its function throughout life. Genetic variation within CREs plays a central role in phenotypic variation in complex traits including the risk of developing disease. We took advantage of the retina, a well-characterized region of the CNS known to be affected by pathogenic variants in CREs, to establish a roadmap for characterizing regulatory variation in the human CNS. This comprehensive analysis of tissue-specific regulatory elements, transcription factor binding, and gene expression programs in three regions of the human visual system (retina, macula, and retinal pigment epithelium/choroid) reveals features of regulatory element evolution that shape tissue-specific gene expression programs and defines regulatory elements with the potential to contribute to Mendelian and complex disorders of human vision.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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