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  • Articles  (795)
  • 2020-2022  (419)
  • 2000-2004  (376)
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  • 1
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    A Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Peptide Blocks Infection of Viruses by Binding to Phosphatidylserine in the Viral Envelope (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-29
    Description: The ongoing threat of viral infections and the emergence of antiviral drug resistance warrants a ceaseless search for new antiviral compounds. Broadly-inhibiting compounds that act on elements shared by many viruses are promising antiviral candidates. Here, we identify a peptide derived from the cowpox virus protein CPXV012 as a broad-spectrum antiviral peptide. We found that CPXV012 peptide hampers infection by a multitude of clinically and economically important enveloped viruses, including poxviruses, herpes simplex virus-1, hepatitis B virus, HIV-1, and Rift Valley fever virus. Infections with non-enveloped viruses such as Coxsackie B3 virus and adenovirus are not affected. The results furthermore suggest that viral particles are neutralized by direct interactions with CPXV012 peptide and that this cationic peptide may specifically bind to and disrupt membranes composed of the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine, an important component of many viral membranes. The combined results strongly suggest that CPXV012 peptide inhibits virus infections by direct interactions with phosphatidylserine in the viral envelope. These results reiterate the potential of cationic peptides as broadly-acting virus inhibitors.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4409
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Fluctuation inducing fractional magnetization behavior on the Shastry–Sutherland lattice (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0921-4526
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2135
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
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    Toward Precise Nutrient Value of Feed in Growing Pigs: Effect of Meal Size, Frequency and Dietary Fibre on Nutrient Utilisation (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-04
    Description: Nutritional values of ingredients have been and still are the subject of many studies to reduce security margins of nutrients when formulating diets to reduce feed cost. In most studies, pigs are fed a limited amount of feed in a limited number of meals that do not represent how pigs are fed in commercial farm conditions. With free access to feed, pigs follow their intrinsic feeding behaviour. Feed intake is regulated by satiety and satiation signals. Reducing the feed intake level or feeding frequency can affect digestibility and transit time and induce metabolic changes. To reduce feed costs, alternative ingredients that are frequently rich in dietary fibre are added to diets. Fibre acts on the digestion process and transit time by decreasing energy density and causing viscosity. Various analyses of fibre can be realised, and the measured fibre fraction can vary. Exogenous enzymes can be added to counteract the effect of fibre, but digestive tract conditions, influenced by meal size and frequency, can affect the efficiency of supplemented enzymes. In conclusion, the frequency and size of the meals can affect the digestibility of nutrients by modulating gastrointestinal tract conditions (pH and transit time), metabolites (glucose and short-chain fatty acids) and hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide tyrosine tyrosine).
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-2615
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Movement patterns of large bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the open ocean, determined using ultrasonic telemetry (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 136 (2000), S. 361-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The horizontal and vertical movements of large bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839; 25 to 50 kg) captured in the south Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia) were determined using pressure-sensitive ultrasonic transmitters. Bigeye tuna swam within the first 100 m below the surface during the night-time and at depths between 400 and 500 m during the daytime. The fish exhibited clear relationships with the sound scattering layer (SSL). They followed its vertical movements at dawn and dusk, and were probably foraging on the organisms of the SSL. Bigeye tuna did, however, make regular rapid upward vertical excursions into the warm surface layer, most probably in order to regulate body temperature and, perhaps, to compensate for an accumulated oxygen debt (i.e. to metabolize lactate). The characteristics of these dives differ from those reported from previous studies on smaller bigeye tuna (∼12 kg) near the main Hawaiian Islands. During the daytime, the large fish in French Polynesia made upward excursions approximately only every 2.5 h, whereas smaller fish in Hawaiian waters made upward excursions approximately every hour. Our data are the first observations on the role of body size in the vertical behavior of bigeye tuna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050694
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature on mechanical properties of standing lodgepole pine trees (2000)
    Springer
    Trees 14 (2000), S. 424-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Young's modulus Modulus of rupture Tree bending Frozen sapwood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. To estimate strength parameters of living lodgepole pine stems over a range of temperatures (–16 to +17°C), trees were winched near or past the point of breakage, during which the applied force and deflection of the stem were measured. Trees were 43 years old, 10 m tall, and since the experiments were conducted in the late winter and early spring, when the soil was frozen and the roots were held rigid, the resistance of the stem to deflection could be isolated from the resistances of the root and soil. Static flexure theory for cantilever beams was used to estimate stress, strain, Young's modulus (E), and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the stem. Trees were stiffer and stronger in the winter when wood was frozen, with a nearly 50% increase in E and MOR compared with the spring, when wood was thawed. In winter stems failed on the tension side, while in spring stems buckled on the compression side. Compared with strength estimations reported in the literature from small samples of clear green wood at standard temperatures, modulus of elasticity (MOE) estimates of the whole stem were 35% lower in spring, and in winter MOR exceeded published values by 53%. This suggests that the sway behavior of trees is probably temperature dependent in northern forests and whole-tree strength characteristics should be considered in wind sway models used in these regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680000065
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-chain clusters: Vibronic spectra of 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2 (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 1192-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectra were obtained for the supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2 cluster. UV/UV-holeburning measurements show that 〉98% of the spectrum is due to a single "water-chain" cluster isomer, although two different tautomers (7-keto- and 7-hydroxyquinoline), two different rotamers (cis- and trans-hydroxy), and two torsional conformers of the chain are possible. Ab initio calculations of structures and vibrations of five different tautomers/ rotamers/ conformers of this cluster are reported. These predict that the cis-7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)2 "up/down" water-chain form is the most stable cluster. The experimentally observed S0 and S1 state vibrational frequencies agree well with those calculated for this isomer. We find no evidence for either the trans-rotamer or the keto tautomer clusters. S1←S0 excitation leads to contraction of all three hydrogen-bonds along the hydrogen-bonded water chain, inducing intermolecular stretching vibrations, but no proton transfer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480672
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectroscopy and photodissociation of jet-cooled ammonia (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 4955-4961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibrationally mediated photodissociation action spectroscopy provides rotation-vibration spectra of jet-cooled ammonia in the 2.3 μm and 3.0 μm regions by detecting the emission of electronically excited NH2(A˜ 2A1) produced by the photodissociation of the vibrationally excited molecules. Vibrational excitation changes the relative photofragmentation yield of NH2(A˜ 2A1) markedly. Isoenergetic photolysis of ammonia molecules with one quantum of antisymmetric N–H stretching excitation (ν3) or two quanta of bend (2ν4) yields three times more excited state NH2(A˜ 2A1) than photolysis of NH3 with a quantum of symmetric N–H stretch excitation (ν1). By contrast, the relative yield is insensitive to initial vibrational excitation of the combination bands ν1+ν2 and ν2+ν3 that contain the umbrella (inversion) motion ν2. The vibrational mode dependence of the NH2(A˜ 2A1) photofragment yield arises from either enhanced Franck–Condon factors for electronic excitation or from an increased probability for the competing nonadiabatic dissociation to form the ground state NH2(X˜ 2B1) product. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1450550
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semiclassical treatment of charge transfer in molecule-surface scattering (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 6396-6403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have treated the ionization probability of iodine molecules scattered from diamond by a semiclassical surface hopping scheme, namely Tully's fewest-switches algorithm [J. Chem. Phys. 93, 1061 (1990)]. The interaction is described by a model potential that has been adjusted to empirical data. We start with a one-dimensional two-state model in which just the molecular distance from the surface and the neutral and negatively charged state of I2 are considered. We determine the ionization probability within the adiabatic and diabatic representation and compare it with exact quantum calculations. For this particular problem we find that the diabatic picture shows too little coherence, while the adiabatic representation yields satisfactory results. In the second part we have successively increased the complexity of the simulation by additionally taking a surface oscillator coordinate, the molecular rotation and vibration into account. Including more degrees of freedom damps out the Stückelberg oscillations present in the one-dimensional model. Our results qualitatively reproduce the observed dependence of the ionization probability on the incident energy of the molecules. This dependence is not given by the electronic coupling per se, but rather due to energy transfer to substrate and internal degrees of freedom during the scattering event. Finally, we are also able to reproduce the measured dissociation probability which can be explained in a centrifugal model. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1356457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water–wire clusters: Vibronic spectra of 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)3 (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 9032-9043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)3 cluster was investigated by mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectroscopy. UV(ultraviolet)/UV-holeburning measurements prove that a single cluster isomer is formed, although different tautomers (7-keto- and 7-hydroxyquinoline), rotamers (cis and trans) and isomers (cyclic and water–wire) are possible. Ab initio calculations of structures and vibrations of different tautomers and isomers of this cluster predict that the cis-enol-7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(H2O)3 "water–wire" cluster is the most stable species. The experimental S0 and S1 inter- and intramolecular vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with the calculated harmonic frequencies. S1←S0 excitation leads to contraction of all four hydrogen bonds along the hydrogen bonded water wire, inducing intense intermolecular stretching vibrations of the O–H(centered ellipsis)O and HO–H(centered ellipsis)N(quinoline) hydrogen bonds which terminate the water–wire. There are no spectroscopic signs of proton transfer. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319352
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton transfer in 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(NH3)n solvent clusters (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 560-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass- and isomer-selected S1←S0 resonant two-photon ionization and S1→S0 fluorescence spectra were obtained for the supersonically cooled 7-hydroxyquinoline⋅(NH3)n clusters with n=2–16. For n=2 and 3, the absorption and emission spectra exhibit discrete and narrow bands, characteristic of nonreactive hydrogen bonded ammonia-chain clusters. For n≥4, the S1←S0 R2PI spectra are completely broadened, with an onset at (approximate)355 nm. For n=4–7, a weak fluorescence emission is observed, Stokes-shifted by (approximate)185 nm, with a maximum at (approximate)540 nm, which shows discrete structure on a broad background. From comparison to fluorescence emission observed in bulk solution, we conclude that S1 state enol→keto tautomerization occurs. For the n≥7 or 8 clusters, the fluorescence emission spectra become completely unstructured and shift to the blue, peaking at 435–450 nm. This emission indicates the occurrence of either S1-state proton transfer to the ammonia solvent cluster and formation of the 7-HQ anion, or of the ground-state intracluster enol→keto tautomerization reaction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480548
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